SIST EN ISO 18122:2023

Solid biofuels - Determination of ash content (ISO 18122:2022)

This document specifies a method for the determination of ash content of all solid biofuels.

Biogene Festbrennstoffe - Bestimmung des Aschegehaltes (ISO 18122:2022)

Dieses Dokument legt ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Aschegehaltes sämtlicher biogener Festbrennstoffe fest.

Biocombustibles solides - Détermination de la teneur en cendres (ISO 18122:2022)

Le présent document spécifie une méthode de détermination de la teneur en cendres de tous les biocombustibles solides.

Trdna biogoriva - Določevanje vsebnosti pepela (ISO 18122:2022)

Ta dokument opisuje metodo za določevanje vsebnosti pepela v vseh trdnih biogorivih.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 02-Jan-2022
• Publication Date: 06-Dec-2022
• ICS: 75.160.40 - Biofuels
• Technical Committee: AGO - Refuse derived fuel
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 30-Nov-2022
• Due Date: 04-Feb-2023
• Completion Date: 07-Dec-2022
• Ref Project: EN ISO 18122:2022 - Solid biofuels - Determination of ash content (ISO 18122:2022)

Relations

• Replaces: SIST EN ISO 18122:2016 - Solid biofuels - Determination of ash content (ISO 18122:2015)
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2023

Overview

EN ISO 18122:2022 - Solid biofuels: Determination of ash content is the CEN-adopted version of ISO 18122:2022. It specifies a standardized gravimetric method to determine the ash content of all solid biofuels. The method defines sample preparation, furnace conditions, apparatus and calculation steps so results are comparable across laboratories, suppliers and regulatory bodies.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope: Method applicable to all solid biofuels for reporting ash as the mass of residue after controlled combustion.
• Principle: Heat a defined test portion in air under controlled time, temperature and atmosphere; weigh residue to calculate ash content.
• Standard final temperature: 550 ± 10 °C is the reference. Alternative final temperatures (e.g., 710 °C, 815 °C) may be used if explicitly stated, but provided repeatability/reproducibility limits do not apply to those alternatives.
• Apparatus requirements:
  • Dish of inert material (porcelain, silica or platinum) sized so test portion loading does not exceed 0.1 g/cm of bottom area.
  • Furnace with uniform heating and sufficient air exchange to remove decomposition gases (SO2, CO2) during ashing.
  • Analytical balance capable of reading to 0.1 mg.
  • Desiccator with controlled desiccant (ash is very hygroscopic - lids recommended and desiccant must be monitored/dried).
• Sample preparation and conditioning: Laboratory sample and general analysis sample prepared per ISO sampling/sample-prep requirements; nominal particle top size ≤ 1 mm. Ash testing can be performed directly on the general analysis sample or on a dried test portion with concurrent moisture determination (ISO 18134-3).
• Automatic equipment: Permitted if validated with appropriate biomass reference materials and meeting method constraints for sample size, heating profile, atmosphere and weighing.
• Performance data: Clause 9 provides repeatability and reproducibility figures; this edition updated those data and gives more detailed furnace and ashing procedure descriptions.

Applications - who uses this standard

• Testing laboratories performing quality control and certification of solid biofuels.
• Bioenergy producers and fuel suppliers for contract verification and inventory reporting.
• Combustion equipment manufacturers and operators to assess ash-related risks (slagging, corrosion) and design maintenance schedules.
• Regulators and procurement teams setting fuel specifications and environmental compliance.
• Researchers studying biomass combustion and ash behaviour.

Related standards

• ISO 14780 (sample preparation)
• ISO 16559 (vocabulary)
• ISO 18134‑3 (moisture - oven dry method)
• ISO 18135, ISO 21945 (sampling)
• ISO 1171 (coal ash preparation - referenced for air exchange guidance)

Keywords: EN ISO 18122:2022, ash content determination, solid biofuels, ashing procedure, biofuel testing, furnace conditions, sample preparation, repeatability reproducibility.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2023
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 18122:2016
Trdna biogoriva - Določevanje vsebnosti pepela (ISO 18122:2022)
Solid biofuels - Determination of ash content (ISO 18122:2022)
Biogene Festbrennstoffe - Bestimmung des Aschegehaltes (ISO 18122:2022)
Biocombustibles solides - Détermination de la teneur en cendres (ISO 18122:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 18122:2022
ICS:
75.160.40 Biogoriva Biofuels
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 18122
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
November 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 27.190 Supersedes EN ISO 18122:2015
English Version
Solid biofuels - Determination of ash content (ISO
18122:2022)
Biocombustibles solides - Détermination de la teneur Biogene Festbrennstoffe - Bestimmung des
en cendres (ISO 18122:2022) Aschegehaltes (ISO 18122:2022)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 October 2022.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 18122:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 18122:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 238 "Solid
biofuels" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels” the secretariat of
which is held by SIS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2023, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by May 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 18122:2015.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 18122:2022 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 18122:2022 without any modification.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18122
Second edition
2022-11
Solid biofuels — Determination of ash
content
Biocombustibles solides — Détermination de la teneur en cendres
Reference number
ISO 18122:2022(E)
ISO 18122:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 18122:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 S c op e . 1
2 Nor m at i ve r ef er enc e s . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 P r i nc iple . 1
5 A pp a r at u s . 2
6 S a mple pr ep a r at ion .2
6.1 General . 2
6.2 S ample conditioning . 2
7 P r o c e du re .3
7.1 G eneral . 3
7.2 C onditioning of dish . 3
7.3 C onditioning of the general analysis sample . 3
7.4 A shing of test portion . 3
7.5 Weighing . 3
7.6 C ompletion of ashing . 4
8 C a lc u l at ion . 4
9 Per f or m a nc e c h a r ac t er i s t ic s . 4
10 Te s t r ep or t . 4
Annex A (informative) Performance data . 5
Bibliography . 7
iii
ISO 18122:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 238, Solid biofuels, in collaboration with
the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 335, Solid biofuels, in
accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 18122:2015), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— more detailed descriptions of the ashing furnace and ashing procedure;
— repeatability and reproducibility performance data updated;
— several references updated;
— minor editorial corrections.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
ISO 18122:2022(E)
Introduction
Ash content is an important parameter for fuel deliveries since ash is a by-product of combustion and
ends up as bottom ash or fly-ash and needs to be removed. Depending on the jurisdiction, ash may be
deposited or used for production of other products or as fertilizer. Knowing how much ash comes with a
fuel can have economic consequences. Since the chemical composition of ash contributes to slagging and
corrosion in the combustion equipment, it is therefore important to know the amount of ash contained
in a fuel. Other testing standards are used for determining the chemical composition of ash.
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18122:2022(E)
Solid biofuels — Determination of ash content
...