oSIST prEN ISO 3882:2023
(Main)Metallic and other inorganic coatings - Review of methods of measurement of thickness (ISO/DIS 3882:2022)
Metallic and other inorganic coatings - Review of methods of measurement of thickness (ISO/DIS 3882:2022)
Metallische und andere anorganische Überzüge - Übersicht über Verfahren zur Schichtdickenmessung (ISO/DIS 3882:2022)
Revêtements métalliques et autres revêtements inorganiques - Revue des méthodes de mesurage de l’épaisseur (ISO/DIS 3882:2022)
Kovinske in druge anorganske prevleke - Pregled metod za merjenje debeline (ISO/DIS 3882:2022)
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 3882:2023
01-februar-2023
Kovinske in druge anorganske prevleke - Pregled metod za merjenje debeline
(ISO/DIS 3882:2022)
Metallic and other inorganic coatings - Review of methods of measurement of thickness
(ISO/DIS 3882:2022)
Metallische und andere anorganische Überzüge - Übersicht über Verfahren zur
Schichtdickenmessung (ISO/DIS 3882:2022)
Revêtements métalliques et autres revêtements inorganiques - Revue des méthodes de
mesurage de l’épaisseur (ISO/DIS 3882:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 3882
ICS:
17.040.20 Lastnosti površin Properties of surfaces
25.220.40 Kovinske prevleke Metallic coatings
oSIST prEN ISO 3882:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 3882:2023
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oSIST prEN ISO 3882:2023
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 3882
ISO/TC 107 Secretariat: KATS
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2022-12-15 2023-03-09
Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Review of methods
of measurement of thickness
Revêtements métalliques et autres revêtements inorganiques — Vue d'ensemble sur les méthodes de
mesurage de l'épaisseur
ICS: 25.220.20; 25.220.40
Member bodies are requested to consult relevant national interests in ISO/TC
35/SC 9 before casting their ballot to the e-Balloting application.
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
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NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 3882:2022(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
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PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. © ISO 2022
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oSIST prEN ISO 3882:2023
ISO/DIS 3882:2022(E)
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 3882
ISO/TC 107 Secretariat: KATS
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Review of methods
of measurement of thickness
Revêtements métalliques et autres revêtements inorganiques — Vue d'ensemble sur les méthodes de
mesurage de l'épaisseur
ICS: 25.220.20; 25.220.40
Member bodies are requested to consult relevant national interests in ISO/TC
35/SC 9 before casting their ballot to the e-Balloting application.
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
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© ISO 2022
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NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Website: www.iso.org ISO/DIS 3882:2022(E)
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ii
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. © ISO 2022
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oSIST prEN ISO 3882:2023
ISO/DIS 3882:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Overview . 2
5 Non-destructive methods .2
5.1 Split beam microscope (light section) method, ISO 2128 . 2
5.2 Magnetic methods, ISO 2178 and ISO 2361 . 3
5.3 Eddy current methods, ISO 2360 and ISO 21968 . 3
5.4 X-ray spectrometric method, ISO 3497 . 3
5.5 Beta backscatter method, ISO 3543 . 4
6 Destructive methods .4
6.1 Microscopical (optical) method, ISO 1463 . 4
6.2 Fizeau multiple-beam interferometry method, ISO 3868 . 5
6.3 Profilometric method, ISO 4518 . 5
6.4 Scanning electron microscope method, ISO 9220 . 5
6.5 Dissolution methods . 5
6.5.1 Coulometric method, ISO 2177 . 5
6.5.2 Gravimetric (strip and weigh) method, ISO 10111 . 6
6.5.3 Gravimetric (analytical) method, ISO 10111 . 6
7 Annex. 6
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oSIST prEN ISO 3882:2023
ISO/DIS 3882:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 107, Metallic and other inorganic coatings.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 3882:2003), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— editorial changes;
— rearrangement of the sections;
— Table 2 (Applicability of typical instrumental methods for coating thickness measurement) and
Table 3 (Representative thickness ranges of coating thickness measuring instruments) moved to an
informative annex;
— new section for STEP method;
— review of measurement uncertainties;
— adding phase sensitive eddy current, ISO 21968 to measurement methods and in Table 2 and 3.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
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oSIST prEN ISO 3882:2023
ISO/DIS 3882:2022(E)
Introduction
This document summarizes the various methods used for the measurement of coating thickness and
describes their working principles. Methods of measuring coating thickness are either destructive
or non-destructive (see Table 1). The information given in Table 2 will assist in the choice of typical
instrumental methods suitable for thickness measurements. For all instrumental methods,
manufacturers’ instructions contain useful information on the correct handling of the instruments.
The thickness ranges covered by the different methods depend on the coating materials, thickness of the
coating, substrates and instruments used (see Table 3); e.g., although X-ray spectrometry can be used
to measure the thickness of a chromium coating, thicknesses of 20 µm or more cannot be measured
with sufficient precision. Similarly, while magnetic methods could be used to measure the thickness of
a gold coating over a magnetic steel substrate, many magnetic instruments do not have the sensitivity
to measure accurately thicknesses of gold coatings less than 2 µm.
Where a referee method is required the appropriate coating specification can contain useful information
on the preferred method.
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oSIST prEN ISO 3882:2023
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oSIST prEN ISO 3882:2023
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 3882:2022(E)
Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Review of methods
of measurement of thickness
1 Scope
This document reviews methods for measuring the thickness of metallic and other inorganic coatings
on both metallic and non-metallic substrates (see Tables 1, 2 and 3). It is limited to tests already
specified, or to be specified, in International Standards, and excludes certain tests that are used for
special applications.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1463, Metallic and oxide coatings — Measurement of coating thickness — Microscopical method
ISO 2064, Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Definitions and conventions concerning the measurement
of thickness
ISO 2128, Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys — Determination of thickness of anodic oxidation coatings
— Non-destructive measurement by split-beam microscope
ISO 2177, Metallic coatings — Measurement of coating thickness — Coulometric method by anodic
dissolution
ISO 2178, Non-magnetic coatings on magnetic substrates — Measurement of coating thickness — Magnetic
method
ISO 2360, Non-conductive coatings on non-magnetic electrically conductive base metals — Measurement
of coating thickness — Amplitude-sensitive eddy-current method
ISO 21968, Non-magnetic metallic coatings on metallic and non-metallic basis materials — Measurement
of coating thickness — Phase-sensitive eddy-current method
ISO 2361, Electrodeposited nickel coatings on magnetic and non-magnetic substrates — Measurement of
coating thickness — Magnetic method
ISO 3497, Metallic coatings — Measurement of coating thickness — X-ray spectrometric methods
ISO 3543, Metallic and non-metallic coatings — Measurement of thickness — Beta backscatter method
ISO 3868, Metallic and other non-organic coatings — Measurement of coating thicknesses — Fizeau
multiple-beam interferometry method
ISO 4518, Metallic coatings — Measurement of coating thickness — Profilometric method
ISO 9220, Metallic coatings — Measurement of coating thickness — Scanning electron microscope method
ISO 10111, Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Measurement of mass per unit area — Review of
gravimetric and chemical analysis methods
ISO 21968, Non-magnetic metallic coatings on metallic and non-metallic basis materials — Measurement
of coating thickness — Phase-sensitive eddy-current method
1
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oSIST prEN ISO 3882:2023
ISO/DIS 3882:2022(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 2064 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Overview
Table 1 summarizes the methods of measuring coating thickness that are discussed in this document.
Table 1 — Methods of measuring coating thickness
Non-destructive Destructive
a
Split beam microscope (light section) ISO 2128 Microscopical (optical) ISO 1463
b
Magnetic ISO 2178 Fizeau multiple-beam interferometry ISO 3868
and ISO 2361
b
Eddy current – amplitude-sensitive ISO 2360 Profilometric (stylus and optical) ISO 4518
– phase-sensitive ISO 21968
X-ray spectrometric ISO 3497 Scanning electron microscope ISO 9220
Beta backscatter ISO 3543 Dissolution methods:
Gravimetic strip and weigh
method and gravimetric analytical
method ISO 10111
Coulometric method ISO 2177
STEP method ISO 16866
a
Can be destructive in some applications.
b
Can be non-destructive in some applications.
5 Non-destructive methods
5.1 Split beam microscope (light section) method, ISO 2128
This equipment, originally designed for the measurement of surface roughness, is used for measuring
the thickness of transparent and translucent coatings, in particular anodic oxide coatings on
aluminium. A light beam is projected on to the surface at an angle of 45°. Part of the beam is reflected
from the surface of the coating and the rest penetrates the coating and is reflected from the coating/
metal substrate interface. The distance that separates the two images observed in the eyepiece of the
microscope is proportional to the thickness of the coating and can be measured by means of a Vernier
screw that controls a calibrated graticule. The method can be used where sufficient light is reflected
from the coating/metal substrate interface to give a clear image in the microscope. For transparent or
translucent coatings, such as anodic oxide films, this method is non-destructive.
For measuring the thickness of opaque coatings, a small area of the coating is removed and in this
application, the method is destructive. The step between the surface of the coating and the basis metal
produces a deflection of the light beam that gives an absolute measure of the coating thickness.
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oSIST prEN ISO 3882:2023
ISO/DIS 3882:2022(E)
The method is not suitable for hard anodic coatings or for coatings that are very thin (less than 2 µm
thick), very thick (greater than 100 µm thick) or rough. It is not suitable for coatings on heavily shot-
blasted surfaces. Other methods such as eddy current (see ISO 2360), interference microscope (see
ISO 3868) and microscopical (see ISO 1463) can be applicable for thickness measurement where the
split beam microscope method cannot be used.
The method is best suited to small parts because of the ease with which they can be set up on the
microscope stage.
The measurement uncertainty of the method is usually less than 10 % of the thickness.
5.2 Magnetic methods, ISO 2178 and ISO 2361
Instruments for these methods measure either the magnetic attraction between a magnet and the basis
metal, as influenced by the presence of the coating (see ISO 2361), or the reluctance of a magnetic flux
path passing through the coating and the basis metal (see ISO 2178).
All instruments using magnetic methods are sensitive to the magnetic condition and properties of the
test specimen, surface curvature, surface cleanliness, surface roughness, and thickness of the basis
metal and of the coating. Also, different materials will look the same, but will have another permeability
μ . Usually this effect is determined due to the calibration at test specimen.
r
These methods are limited in practice to non-magnetic coatings on a magnetic substrate (see ISO 2178)
and to electroplated nickel coatings on a magnetic or non-magnetic substrate (see ISO 2361).
The measurement uncertainty of the method is less than 10 % of the thickness or 1,5 µm, whichever is
the greater.
5.3 Eddy current methods, ISO 2360 and ISO 21968
ISO 2360 describes an amplitude-sensitive method and is based on differences in electrical conductivity
between coatings and substrates. The method is used primarily for measuring the thickness of non-
conductive coatings on non-magnetic metals and of single layer metal coatings on non-conductors. If
this method is used for measuring thicknesses of metallic coatings on metallic substrates, great care
is necessary if acceptable results are to be obtained. In the latter case, the phase-sensitive method
as described in ISO 21968 is more suitable. The phase-sensitive eddy current method is also more
suitable for metallic coatings on non-conductive base materials than the amplitude-sensitive method.
Furthermore, within certain limits it can deal with non-magnetic metallic coatings on magnetic base
materials and with magnetic coatings on non-conductive or conductive base materials.
The method is ideal for rapid determination of anodic coating thickness measurements on aluminium
and its alloys and is well suited for a use in field measurements. For autocatalytic nickel coatings, this
method gives erratic measurements due to variations in conductivity of the coatings with changes in
phosphorous content.
The measurement uncertainty of the method is usually less than 10 % of the thickness or 0,5 µm,
whichever is the greater.
5.4 X-ray spectrometric method, ISO 3497
This method uses emission and absorption X-ray spectrometry for determining the mass per unit
area of metallic coatings, which, provided that the test specimen is of uniform density, is directly
proportional to the thickness. In principle, the method can also determine the composition of an alloy
coating. Within its physical limitations, it can also analyse superimposed coatings.
X-rays are made to irradiate a fixed area of the coated surface, and the intensity of the secondary
radiation emitted by the coating or by the substrate and attenuated by the coating is measured.
A correlation exists between the intensity of the X-rays and the coating thickness. This is either
established using calibration standards
...
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