SIST EN 16572:2015
(Main)Conservation of cultural heritage - Glossary of technical terms concerning mortars for masonry, renders and plasters used in cultural heritage
Conservation of cultural heritage - Glossary of technical terms concerning mortars for masonry, renders and plasters used in cultural heritage
This document describes the terminology for mortars used in the field of cultural heritage.
NOTE In addition to terms used in the three official CEN languages (English, French and German), this European Standard gives the equivalent terms in Dutch, Italian, Greek and Swedish; these are published under the responsibility of the member body/National Committee for NEN, UNI, ELOT and SIS and are given for information only. Only the terms and definitions given in the official languages can be considered as CEN terms and definitions.
Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes - Glossar für Mauermörtel, Putzmörtel und Gipsmörtel zur Verwendung am kulturellen Erbe
Die vorliegende Europäische Norm beschreibt die Terminologie für Mörtel, die im Bereich des kulturellen Erbes Verwendung finden.
ANMERKUNG Zusätzlich zu den verwendeten Begriffen in den drei offiziellen Sprachen des CEN (Englisch, Französisch und Deutsch), gibt die vorliegende Europäische Norm die gleichbedeutenden Begriffe in Niederländisch, Italienisch, Griechisch und Schwedisch an; diese werden unter der Verantwortlichkeit der Mitglieder/Nationalen Norm-ausschüsse NEN, UNI, ELOT und SIS veröffentlicht und sind nur zu Informationszwecken angegeben. Ausschließlich die in den offiziellen Sprachen angegebenen Begriffe können als Begriffe des CEN angesehen werden.
Conservation des biens culturels - Glossaire des termes techniques relatifs aux mortiers de maçonnerie et aux enduits utilisés dans le domaine du patrimoine culturel
Le présent document décrit la terminologie employée pour les mortiers utilisés dans le domaine du patrimoine culturel.
NOTE En complément des termes utilisés dans les trois langues officielles du CEN (allemand, anglais et français), la présente Norme Européenne donne les termes équivalents en néerlandais, italien, grec et suédois ; ces termes sont publiés sous la responsabilité du comité membre/Comité national (NEN, UNI, ELOT et SIS) et ne sont fournis qu'à titre d'information. Seuls les termes et les définitions donnés dans les langues officielles peuvent être considérés comme étant des termes et définitions du CEN.
Ohranjanje kulturne dediščine - Slovar tehničnih izrazov za zidarske malte ter zunanji in notranji omet, ki se uporabljajo pri kulturni dediščini
Ta dokument opisuje terminologijo za zidarske malte, ki se uporabljajo na področju kulturne dediščine.
OPOMBA: Enakovredni izrazi v tem standardu so razen v uradnih jezikih CEN (angleškem, francoskem in nemškem) tudi v nizozemskem, italijanskem, grškem in švedskem jeziku. Objavljeni so z odgovornostjo ustreznih organov/nacionalnih komitejev za NEN, UNI, ELOT in SIS ter so izključno informativni. Kot izraze in definicije CEN je mogoče šteti samo tiste, ki so v uradnih jezikih.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.LErhaltung des kulturellen Erbes - Glossar für Mauermörtel, Putzmörtel und Gipsmörtel zur Verwendung am kulturellen ErbeConservation des biens culturels - Glossaire des termes techniques relatifs aux mortiers de maçonnerie et aux enduits utilisés dans le domaine du patrimoine culturelConservation of cultural heritage - Glossary of technical terms concerning mortars for masonry, renders and plasters used in cultural heritage97.195Umetniški in obrtniški izdelkiItems of art and handicrafts91.100.10Cement. Mavec. Apno. MaltaCement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar01.040.91Gradbeni materiali in gradnja (Slovarji)Construction materials and building (Vocabularies)ICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 16572:2015SIST EN 16572:2015en,fr,de01-oktober-2015SIST EN 16572:2015SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 16572:2015
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 16572
July 2015 ICS 01.040.91; 01.040.97; 91.100.10; 97.195 English Version
Conservation of cultural heritage - Glossary of technical terms concerning mortars for masonry, renders and plasters used in cultural heritage
Conservation des biens culturels - Glossaire des termes techniques relatifs aux mortiers de maçonnerie et aux enduits utilisés dans le domaine du patrimoine culturel
Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes - Glossar für Mauermörtel und Putzmörtel zur Verwendung am kulturellen Erbe This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 June 2015.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16572:2015 ESIST EN 16572:2015
EN 16572:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page
European foreword .3 Introduction .4 1 Scope .5 2 Normative references .5 3 Terms and definitions .5 3.1 General terms .5 3.2 Terms related to functional applications of mortar .8 3.3 Terms related to binders . 11 3.4 Terms related to production . 16 3.5 Terms related to mortar joints . 18 3.6 Terms related to mortar components . 19 3.7 Terms related to properties of fresh and hardened mortars . 23 3.8 Terms related to types of damage, typically found in mortars . 25 Bibliography . 27 Index . 28
SIST EN 16572:2015
EN 16572:2015 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN 16572:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 346 “Conservation of Cultural Heritage”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2016 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 16572:2015
EN 16572:2015 (E) 4 Introduction Mortars for cultural heritage buildings may fulfil different functions, like masonry mortar, pointing mortar, plaster or render mortar and substrate for mural paintings. This standard contains terminology and definitions with respect to historic mortars and repair mortars. Both mortar types and components are dealt with. Specific damage terms concerning mortars have been included in this document. The definitions are divided into 8 sections and these are listed at the beginning of Clause 3. Translations of the terms in French, German, Dutch, Italian, Greek, Swedish and Spanish have been provided. Translations in other languages may be added in later revisions. Although some of the terms defined in this standard are included in other published European Standards the aim of this standard is to provide professionals working in the field of cultural heritage with a common language for (historic) mortars. SIST EN 16572:2015
EN 16572:2015 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard describes the terminology for mortars used in the field of cultural heritage. NOTE In addition to terms used in the three official CEN languages (English, French and German), this European Standard gives the equivalent terms in Dutch, Italian, Greek, Swedish and Spanish; these are published under the responsibility of the member body/National Committee for NEN, UNI, ELOT, SIS and AENOR and are given for information only. Only the terms and definitions given in the official languages can be considered as CEN terms and definitions. 2 Normative references Not applicable. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. NOTE The systematic order used is as follows: — general terms mortar/render; — functional applications of mortar; — binders; — production; — mortar joints; — mortar components; — properties of fresh and hardened mortars; — types of damage. 3.1 General terms 3.1.1 mortar (en)
mortier (fr) mörtel (de) mortel (nl) malta (it)
bruk (se) mortero (sp) material traditionally composed of one or more (usually inorganic) binders, aggregates, water, possible additives and admixtures combined to form a paste used in masonry for bedding, jointing and bonding, and for surface finishing (plastering and rendering) of masonry units, which subsequently sets to form a stiff material SIST EN 16572:2015
EN 16572:2015 (E) 6 3.1.2 binder (en)
liant (fr) Bindemittel (de) bindmiddel (nl) legante (it)
bindemedel (se) conglomerante (sp) material with adhesive and cohesive properties capable of binding aggregates in a coherent mass 3.1.3 aggregate (en)
agrégat (fr) Zuschlag (de) aggregaat (nl) aggregato (it)
(gr) ballast (se) árido (sp) particles of natural sediments or crushed rocks or other artificial materials, with a range of particle sizes, used in the mortar (see also sand) Note 1 to entry: Apart from rock aggregates, light-weight aggregates exist like expanded clay, vermiculite, perlite. 3.1.4 additive (en)
adjuvant (fr) Zusatzstoff (de) additief (nl) additivo (it)
tillsatsmaterial (se) aditivo (sp) additive (EN) or addition (ASTM): constituent usually added in small quantity to binder to modify its manufacture or properties (for example accelerators, plasticizers and air-entraining agents) 3.1.5 admixture (en)
ajout (fr) Zusatzmittel (de) toeslagstof (nl) aggiunta (it)
(gr) tillsatsmedel (se) adición (sp) substance other than binder, aggregate or water, added in quantities of at least 1 % w/w to the mix to alter its properties Note 1 to entry: Pigments as well as pozzolana (as long as added in small quantities and not as a latent binder) and fibrous substances are admixtures. SIST EN 16572:2015
EN 16572:2015 (E) 7 3.1.6 mix (en)
mélange (fr) Mischung (de) mengsel (nl) miscela (it)
blandning (se) mezcla (sp) combination of the various materials used in a mortar 3.1.7 mix design (en)
formulation de mortier (fr) Mörtelrezept (de) mortelsamenstelling (nl) formulazione della malta (it)
(gr) bruksrecept (se) dosificación (sp) various materials, and their relative proportions, used in a mortar 3.1.8 setting (en)
prise (fr) Abbinden (de) zetten (nl) presa (it)
(gr) sätta sig (se) fraguado (sp) process through which the mortar changes from a workable plastic state to an unworkable stiffer state 3.1.9 setting time (en)
temps de prise (fr) Abbindezeit (de) zetting tijd (nl) tempo di presa (it)
(gr) sättningstid (se) tiempo de fraguado (sp) time taken for a mortar to achieve a specific hardness and strength 3.1.10 hardening (en)
durcissement (fr) Erhärten (de) verharden (nl) indurimento (it)
hårdnande (se) endurecimiento (sp) strength development that accompanies and continues after the initial setting of the mortar SIST EN 16572:2015
EN 16572:2015 (E) 8 3.1.11 curing (en)
cure (fr) Nachbehandlung (de) nabehandeling (nl) stagionatura (it)
härdning (se) curado (sp) process by which mortars develop strength due to carbonation and/or hydration and where the process is controlled by environmental conditions and/or protective measures 3.1.12 matrix (en)
matrice (fr) Matrix (de) matrix (nl) matrice (it)
() (gr) matrix (se) matriz (sp) part of the hardened mortar, consisting of binder or binder and very fine grained materials between the aggregate particles 3.2 Terms related to functional applications of mortar 3.2.1 bedding mortar (en)
mortier de pose (fr) mortier de pose (fr) Einbettmörtel (de) metselmortel (nl) malta di allettamento (it)
(gr) murbruk (se) mortero de agarre (sp) mortar used to provide an even bed and jointing for masonry units or used as substratum for tesserae (or slabs) for mosaics during construction, repair or rebuilding 3.2.2 pointing mortar (en)
mortier de joint (fr) Fugenmörtel (de) voegmortel (nl) malta da stilatura (it)
(gr) fogbruk (se) mortero de junta (sp) mortar used to fill the outer part of an existing mortar joint (usually not greater than one-third of the total depth of the joint) Note 1 to entry: Fresh, plastic bedding mortar may be removed (raked out) from the outer part of the joint and replaced with pointing mortar, or the outer part of a hardened mortar joint may be removed and replaced with a pointing mortar (repointing). SIST EN 16572:2015
EN 16572:2015 (E) 9 3.2.3 repair mortar (en)
mortier de réparation (fr) Reparaturmörtel (de) reparatiemortel / herstelmortel (nl) malta di reintegro (it)
(gr) reparationsbruk (se) mortero de reparación (sp) mortar replacing damaged mortar in existing masonry, and which is also used for patching damaged stone and other inorganic materials Note1 to entry:
Specific repair mortars are used for the resurfacing of stones or mortars, as defined in 3.2.4. 3.2.4 surface repair mortar (en)
plastic repair mortar (en) mortier de modelage (fr) Steinersatzmörtel (de) steenherstelmortel (nl) malta di reintegrazione superficiale (it)
(gr) stenlagningsbruk (se) mortero de restauración (sp) mortars used to replace or to model a missing part of an original material with a new material which remains plastic long enough in order to be adapted into various shapes and finished with required surface textures 3.2.5 plaster (en)
enduit intérieur (fr) Innenputzmörtel (de) pleister (nl) intonaco per interno (it)
(gr) puts (se) enlucido (sp) coating composed of one or more mortar layers applied in one accomplishment sequence, used on internal masonry surface such as ceiling, walls, and partition Note 1 to entry: Plaster is a traditional English term. 3.2.6 render (en)
enduit extérieur (fr) Außenputzmörtel (de) buitenpleister (nl) intonaco per esterno (it)
(gr) putsbruk (se) revoco (sp) coating composed of one or more mortar layers applied in one sequence, used on external masonry surfaces; it serves as protection as well as surface finishing Note 1 to entry: Render(ing) is a traditional English term. SIST EN 16572:2015
EN 16572:2015 (E) 10 3.2.7 sacrificial plaster/render (en)
enduit sacrificiel (fr) Opferputz (de) opofferingspleister (nl) intonaco di sacrificio (it) offerputs (se) mortero de sacrificio (sp) plaster or render weakly bound by carbonation that is used for the protection of historically valuable substrates and which is expected to have a short service life 3.2.8 stucco (en)
stuc (fr) Stuckmörtel (de) stuc (nl) stucco (it) 1 stuck (se) estuco (sp) mortars used for decorative purposes, which allow making mouldings, architectural castings and other decorations on the facades and in the interiors of the buildings 3.2.9 sgraffito (en)
sgraffito (fr) Sgraffito (de) sgraffito (nl) sgraffito (it) esgrafiado (sp) multilayer plaster comprising several differently coloured layers which are partially exposed when the plaster is scratched to produce a pattern 3.2.10 Roman concrete (en)
béton romain (fr) Römischer Beton (de) Romeins beton (nl) opus caementitium/opera cementizia/calcestruzzo romano (it) 1/ (gr) romersk betong (se) hormigón romano (sp) composite material, from the period of Roman period, that consists essentially of lime mixed with natural (e.g. volcanic tuff, pumice, …) or artificial pozzolanic material (e.g. crushed bricks or pottery) within which are embedded brick and/or stone rubble and sand Note1 to entry:
The material was able to harden within a formwork with scarcely any contact with the air even under extremely wet conditions. SIST EN 16572:2015
EN 16572:2015 (E) 11 3.2.11 conglomerate (en)
conglomérat (fr) Konglomerat (de) conglomeraat (nl) conglomerato (it)
(gr) konglomerat (se) conglomerado (sp) general term for materials composed of one or more inorganic binders, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates (gravel and crushed stone >4 mm), water, additives and admixtures, used in masonry Note 1 to entry: Both Roman concrete and modern concrete can be considered a conglomerate. 3.2.12 fine stuff (en)
mortier de finition (fr) Feinputz (de) blauwpleister (nl) intonachino (it)
(gr) finbruk (se) relleno fino (sp) mortar made of lime and fine aggregate, used for pointing finely-jointed ashlar and for the finishing coat in plastering and rendering 3.3 Terms related to binders 3.3.1 gypsum (en)
plâtre (fr) Gips (de) Gips (nl) Gesso (it)
gips (se) yeso (sp) material composed of calcium sulphate, used as binder (plaster, stucco mortar) and which, after the addition of water, is able to set and harden, forming calcium sulphate dihydrate CaSO4.2H2O 3.3.2 lime (general) (en)
chaux (fr) Kalk (de) kalk (nl) calce (it)
(gr) kalk (se) cal (sp) material composed of oxides (quicklime) or hydroxides (hydrated or slaked lime) of calcium or calcium and magnesium used as binder in traditional masonry or in mineral paints (for example limewash) SIST EN 16572:2015
EN 16572:2015 (E) 12 3.3.3 quicklime (en)
chaux vive (fr) Branntkalk (de) ongebluste kalk (nl) calce viva (it) ()
(gr) bränd osläckt kalk (se) cal viva (sp) product of the calcination of limestone (at approx. 900° C), composed of mainly calcium oxide (CaO) or calcium oxide in combination with magnesium oxide (MgO) 3.3.4 slaked lime (en)
chaux éteinte (fr) gelöschter Kalk (de) gebluste kalk (nl) calce spenta (it)
(gr) släckt kalk (se) cal apagada (sp) calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) prepared by hydrating (or slaking) quicklime (CaO) with water to produce a powder or putty 3.3.5 lime putty (en)
chaux en pâte (fr) Kalkteig (de) kalkdeeg (nl) grassello (it)
(gr) kalkdeg (se) cal en pasta (sp) plastic material resulting from slaking quicklime with an amount of water that exceeds that required to result in a powder Note 1 to entry: A putty of inferior quality is made by the addition of water to hydrated lime powder. Note 2 to entry: The addition of water, slaking, causes a strong exothermic reaction resulting in hydration of the oxides to hydroxides. 3.3.6 air lime (en)
chaux aérienne (fr) Luftkalk (de) luchtkalk (nl) calce aerea (it)
. (gr) luftkalk (se) cal aérea (sp) non-hydraulic lime which hardens by a reaction with carbon dioxide from the air in the presence of moisture to form a carbonate Note 1 to entry: It does not harden under water or in the absence of carbon dioxide. SIST EN 16572:2015
EN 16572:2015 (E) 13 3.3.7 air-hardening binder (en)
liant à prise aérienne (fr) lufthärtendes Bindemittel (de) luchthardend bindmiddel (nl) legante aereo (it)
(gr) lufthärdande bindemedel (se) conglomerante aéreo (sp) non-hydraulic binder that hardens by for example reacting with carbon dioxide from the air and moisture to form a carbonate or through the evaporation of water (i.e. clay) 3.3.8 dolomitic lime (en)
chaux dolimitique (fr) Dolomitkalk (de) dolomietkalk (nl) calce dolomitica (it)
(gr) dolomitisk kalk (se) cal dolomítica (sp) air lime, derived from dolomitic limestone, consisting mainly of calcium magnesium oxide and / or calcium magnesium hydroxide 3.3.9 fat lime (en)
chaux grasse (fr) Sumpfkalk (de) vette kalk (nl) calce grassa (it)
(gr) fet kalk (se) cal grasa (sp) air lime characterized by good workability properties usually related to a high content of calcium oxide (CaO + MgO >95 %) Note 1 to entry: When slaked it approximately doubles its volume. Note 2 to entry: Where MgO is > 5 % the lime is treated as a lean lime. 3.3.10 lean lime (en)
chaux maigre (fr) Magerkalk (de) magere kalk (nl) calce magra (it)
(gr) mager kalk (se) cal magra (sp) air lime with less calcium oxide than a fat lime (85 % < CaO + MgO < 95 %) Note 1 to entry: When slaked, its volume increases very little. When used in a mortar these limes will bind less aggregate than fat limes. SIST EN 16572:2015
EN 16572:2015 (E) 14 3.3.11 chalk lime (en)
chaux de craie (fr) Kreidekalk (de) krijtkalk (nl) pietra da calce (it)
(gr) kritkalk (se) cal de creta (sp) lime derived from a very soft, calcium carbonate limestone composed of the remains of micro-organisms in a matrix of finely crystalline calcium carbonate 3.3.12 hydrated lime (en)
chaux éteinte ou chaux hydrate (fr) Kalkhydrat (de) gebluste kalk (nl) calce idrata (it)
(gr) hydratkalk (se) cal hidratada en polvo (sp) any lime mainly in the hydroxide form, produced by slaking (hydration) of quicklime Note 1 to entry: Dry powdered lime mainly in the hydroxide form, is produced by slaking (hydration) of quicklime with the addition of a stoichiometric amount of water. 3.3.13 hydraulic lime (en)
chaux hydraulique (fr) hydraulischer Kalk (de) hydraulische kalk (nl) calce idraulica (it)
(gr) hydraulisk kalk (se) cal hidráulica (sp) lime with hydraulic properties setting primarily by reaction with water, which is made either by firing naturally-occurring limestone that contains clay minerals (e.g. silica and alumina) at temperatures up to 1 250 °C to from hydraulic quicklime which may be slaked to form hydrated hydraulic lime (Natural Hydraulic Lime or NHL in EN 459-1), or by blending non-hydraulic lime powder with other materials such as cement, blast furnace slag, fly ash and other suitable materials (Hydraulic Lime or HL in EN 459-1) Note 1 to entry: Natural hydraulic lime contains a mix of hydrated lime, silicates and aluminates which harden through reaction with water and by carbonation. Note 2 to entry: Based on research published by Vicat in 1828, which defined three classes of hydraulicity of hydraulic lime, corresponding to setting time under water and other properties, a UK system of classification evolved which, by the early 20th century, comprised three classes known as: — Feebly (slightly) hydraulic lime: a lime with low hydraulic properties produced from limestone containing less than 12 % clay. — Moderately hydraulic lime: a lime with moderate hydraulic properties produced form limestone containing between 12 % to 18 % clay. — Eminently hydraulic lime: a lime with high hydraulic properties produced from limestone containing between 18 % to 25 % clay. Note 3 to entry: These historic classifications do not correspond to the three classes of hydraulic lime defined in EN 459-1, which are based on compressive strengths at 28 d: SIST EN 16572:2015
EN 16572:2015 (E) 15 — NHL2 or HL 2 ≥ 2 to ≤ 7 Mpa; — NHL3.5 or HL 3.5 ≥ 3.5 to ≤ 10 Mpa; — NHL5 or NHL 5 ≥ 5 to ≤ 15 Mpa. The modern classes are considerably stronger than their historic counterparts. 3.3.14 hydraulic binder (en)
liant hydraulique (fr) Bindemittel hydraulisches (de) hydraulisch bindmiddel (nl) legante idraulico (it)
(gr) hydrauliskt bindemedel (se) conglomerante hidráulico (sp) binder that sets and hardens partly or primarily by chemical reaction with water (for example Portland cement, hydraulic lime) Note 1 to entry: Most hydraulic binders undergo a two stage hardening process – a rapid initial set due to hydration followed by a longer hardening process due to carbonation. 3.3.15 mixed binder (en)
liant mixte (fr) Mischbinder (de) gemengd bindmiddel (nl) miscela di leganti (it)
(gr) blandade bindemedel (se) pasta (sp) binder that hardens both by chemical reaction with water and by reaction with carbon dioxide (for example, lime-gypsum) 3.3.16 natural cement (en)
ciment naturel (fr) Naturzement (de) natuurlijk cement (nl) cemento natural (it)
naturlig cement (se) cemento natural (sp) hydraulic binder, produced by calcination of a naturally-occurring argillaceous limestone at a temperature below its sintering point, which is then ground to a fine powder SIST EN 16572:2015
EN 16572:2015 (E) 16 3.3.17 Portland cement (en)
ciment Portland (fr) Portlandzement (de) Portland cement (nl) cemento Portland (it)
Portlandcement (se) cemento Portland (sp) product of calcinations of a mixture of limestone and clay containing materials at temperatures up to 1 450 °C Note 1 to entry: The resulting clinker is ground to a fine powder and other materials (up to 5 %) may be added or blended. Most cements contain a small amount of gypsum added to regulate the setting time. Note 2 to entry: Portland cement is the dominant hydraulic binder in use today for buildings. 3.3.18 Roman cement (Parker’s cement) (en)
ciment romain (fr) Romanzement (de) Romeins cement (nl) cemento Parker (it)
romancement (Parkers cement) (se) cemento romano o cemento Parker (sp) natural hydraulic cements of which the raw materials contain a high percentage of clay Note 1 to entry: Parker’s cement was patented in 1796 and was prepared by calcinating nodules of septaria from the London clay (at a lower temperature than Portland cement). ‘The quality of performance and the appearance of the cement were thought to equal ancient Roman mortars, hence the name. Roman cements were principally used during the nineteenth and early twentieth century for decorating exterior of buildings – rendering, and making architectural mouldings and castings. They were also used for pointing, especially in restoration and repair’. 3.4 Terms related to production 3.4.1 calcination (en)
calcination (fr) Kalzinierung (de) calcinatie (nl) calcinazione (it)
kalcinering (se) calcinación (sp) process of heating a raw material to bring about its desired transformation, for example thermal decomposition of limestone to quicklime with loss of carbon dioxide SIST EN 16572:2015
EN 16572:2015 (E) 17 3.4.2 slaking (en)
extinction (fr) Löschen (de) blussen (nl) spegnimento (it)
(gr) släckning (se) apagado (sp) hydration process whereby quicklime (calcium oxide, CaO or calcium magnesium oxide, CaMgO) is combined with water to form slaked lime (calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2 or calcium magnesium hydroxide, CaMg(OH)2) in the form of lime putty or dry powdered lime Note 1 to entry: Slaking is a strongly exothermic reaction. 3.4.3 hydration (en)
hydratation (fr) Hydratation (de) hydratatie (nl) idratazione (it)
(gr) hydratisering (se) hidratación (sp) reaction of an anhydrous or partially-dehydrated compound with water, yielding a new compound, in a hydrated form, that combines water in its structure during the setting of the binding materials Note 1 to entry : In hydraulic binders, where the above compounds exists in non-hydrated form the hydration process is described through the reaction of calcium silicate (CS) and calcium aluminate (CA) with water. In the case of mixed binders hydration refers to the reaction of aluminium and silicate phases with lime and water towards the formation of the hydrated phases (calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) and calcium aluminate hydrate (CAH). 3.4.4 carbonation (en)
carbonatation (fr) Karbonatisierung (de) carbonatatie (nl) carbonatazione (it)
(gr) karbonatisering (se) carbonatación (sp) process by which lime (calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2) or calcium magnesium hydroxide (CaMg(OH)2) reacts with carbon dioxide (CO2) from the ambient environment and reverts to corresponding carbonate compounds which are harder, more stable and less soluble in water 3.4.5 cementation index (C.I.) / hydraulic index (en)
indice de cimentation (fr) hydraulischer Index (de) hydrauliciteitsindex (nl) indice di idraulicita (it)
(gr) cementindex (se) índice de hidraulicidad (sp) formula for assessing the capacity of binder materials such as hydraulic lime to develop strength by reacting directly with water Note 1 to entry: (Boyton 1966) defines the CI as: SIST EN 16572:2015
EN 16572:2015 (E) 18 223232,8SiO+1,1AlO+0,7FeOCI=CaO+1,4MgO where
SiO2
is the reactive silica. Note 2 to entry: This definition applies to modern hydraulic binders. In the past, there have been other indices, for example Vicat, which were applied to natural hydraulic binders. 3.4.6 slurry (en)
barbotine (fr) Schlämme (de) slurry (nl) “boiacca” (it)
/ (gr) (kalk)slam (se) lechada (sp) generally inorganic, thick but fluid suspension of an inorganic solid material in water EXAMPLE A lime slurry made from hydrated lime and water. 3.5 Terms related to mortar joints 3.5.1 perpend (en)
joint vertical (fr) Stoßfuge (de) stootvoeg (nl) giunto verticale (it)
stötfog (se) llaga (sp) vertical joints between ends of masonry units Note 1 to entry: The term head joint is also used. 3.5.2 pointing (en)
jointoiement (fr) Verfugen / Fugung (de) voegen / voegwerk (nl) stilatura (it)
fogning (se) retundido (sp) raking out of fresh, plastic mortar from the outer part of the mortar joint and insertion of mortar (see 3.2.2) that may differ in composition from the bedding mortar Note 1 to entry: The word is also used to describe the full depth of mortar which has been inserted at a later date than the original bedding mortar. Also, pointing is the (process of) filling of the outer part of a masonry joint with a mortar. SIST EN 16572:2015
EN 16572:2015 (E) 19 3.5.3 repointing (en)
rejointoiement (fr) Neuverfugung (de) Hervoegen (nl) Ristilatura (it)
(gr) omfogning (se) rejuntado (sp) process of removing the outer part of a hardened mortar joint and replacing with pointing mortar (see 3.2.2) 3.5.4 raked joint (en)
joint évidé (fr) ausgeraeumte Fuge (de) uitgekrabde voeg (nl) scarnificazione del giunto (it)
/ (gr) urrakad fog (se) rehundido (sp) space in a joint resulting from the removal of the outer mortar so that it is set back from the surface of the masonry, usually with the intention of repointing Note 1 to entry: It is called a recessed joint when intentionally left unfilled. 3.5.5 tooled joint (en)
joint ciselé (fr) bearbeitete Fuge (de) bewerkte voeg (nl) giunto lavorato (it)
(gr) bearbetad fog (se) llagueado (sp) joint surface which has been compressed and shaped with a special tool other than a trowel 3.6 Terms related to mortar components 3.6.1 clay mineral (en)
minéral argileux (fr) Tonmineral (de) kleimineraal (nl) minerale argilloso (it)
lermineral (se) mineral arcilloso (sp) different groups of finely crystalline (< 4 micron) to amorphous hydrated (mainly alumina) silicates with lamellar structure SIST EN 16572:2015
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