SIST EN IEC 62037-1:2022

Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement - Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods (IEC 62037-1:2021)

This part of IEC 62037 deals with the general requirements and measuring methods for intermodulation (IM) level measurement of passive RF and microwave components, which can be caused by the presence of two or more transmitting signals.
The test procedures given in this document give the general requirements and measurement methods required to characterize the level of unwanted IM signals using two transmitting signals.
The IEC 62037 series addresses the measurement of PIM, but does not cover the long-term reliability of a product with reference to its performance.

Passive HF- und Mikrowellenbauteile, Messung des Intermodulationspegels - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen und Messverfahren (IEC 62037-1:2021)

Dispositifs RF et à micro-ondes passifs, mesure du niveau d’intermodulation - Partie 1: Exigences générales et méthodes de mesure (IEC 62037-1:2021)

IEC 62037-1:2021 est disponible sous forme de IEC 62037-1:2021 RLV qui contient la Norme internationale et sa version Redline, illustrant les modifications du contenu technique depuis l'édition précédente.

L'IEC 62037-1:2021 est applicable aux exigences générales et aux méthodes de mesure du niveau d’intermodulation (IM) des composants RF et à micro-ondes passifs, qui peut être provoquée par la présence de deux ou plusieurs signaux d’émission. Les procédures d’essai présentées dans le présent document donnent les exigences générales et les méthodes de mesure exigées pour caractériser le niveau des signaux d’intermodulation indésirables à l’aide de deux signaux d’émission. La série IEC 62037 porte sur la mesure de l’intermodulation passive (PIM), mais ne couvre pas la fiabilité à long terme des produits par rapport à ses performances. Cette seconde édition annule et remplace la première édition parue en 2012. Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l’édition précédente:
a. ajout d’une clarification au fait que le matériel d’essai peut utiliser des générateurs à impulsions pour réduire la consommation de puissance;
b. description des différences d’effet de chauffage sur le dispositif en essai à l’Annexe B dans les essais réalisés avec des générateurs à impulsions;
c. ajout de recommandations à l’Annexe B pour améliorer la probabilité de détection d’événements d’intermodulation passive de courte durée lors des essais dynamiques.

Pasivne radiofrekvenčne (RF) in mikrovalovne naprave, meritve intermodulacijskega nivoja - 1. del: Splošne zahteve in merilne metode (IEC 62037-1:2021)

Ta del standarda IEC 62037 obravnava splošne zahteve in merilne metode za meritve intermodulacijskega nivoja (IM) pasivnih radiofrekvenčnih (RF) in mikrovalovnih naprav, ki ga lahko povzroči prisotnost dveh ali več oddanih signalov. Preskusni postopki iz tega dokumenta določajo splošne zahteve in merilne metode, ki so potrebne za opis nivoja neželenih intermodulacijskih signalov z dvema oddanima signaloma. Skupina standardov IEC 62037 obravnava meritve pasivne intermodulacije (PIM), vendar ne zajema dolgoročne zanesljivosti glede delovanja proizvoda.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 19-Jan-2022
• ICS: 33.040.20 - Transmission systems
• ICS: 33.120.30 - RF connectors
• Technical Committee: MOC - Mobile Communications
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 07-Jan-2022
• Due Date: 14-Mar-2022
• Completion Date: 20-Jan-2022
• Ref Project: EN IEC 62037-1:2021 - Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement - Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods

Relations

• Replaces: SIST EN 62037-1:2012 - Passive r.f. and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement - Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods (IEC 62037-1:2012)
• Effective Date: 28-Dec-2021
• Replaced By: SIST EN IEC 62037-1:2025 - Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement - Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods (IEC 62037-1:2025)
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2025
• Revised: SIST EN 62037-1:2012 - Passive r.f. and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement - Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods (IEC 62037-1:2012)
• Effective Date: 21-Jan-2020

Overview - EN IEC 62037-1:2021 (Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement)

EN IEC 62037-1:2021 (also published as IEC 62037-1:2021) defines the general requirements and measuring methods for intermodulation (IM) level measurement of passive RF and microwave components. The document specifies test procedures using two transmitting signals to characterize unwanted passive intermodulation (PIM) products generated by passive devices and assemblies. It is part of the IEC 62037 series and is adopted by CENELEC/CLC for national implementation.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope and purpose: Measurement of IM levels in passive RF and microwave components; does not cover long-term reliability of product performance.
• Fundamental concepts: Characteristics of intermodulation products and principles of IM/PIM test procedures.
• Test set-ups and equipment: Defined configurations (reverse and forward IM test set-ups), requirements for test equipment and measurement chains, and guidance on low-PIM terminations.
• Preparation and handling: Guidelines to prepare the device under test (DUT) and minimize test-induced PIM (material selection, connector treatment, mounting).
• Measurement methods: Procedures for two-tone testing, resolution bandwidth (RBW) considerations, reporting formats, and evaluation of measurement error.
• Annexes:
  • Annex A: Configurations for low-PIM terminations (long cable terminations, lumped termination with attenuator).
  • Annex B: Test-procedure considerations including frequency sweep methods, dynamic PIM testing, heating effects and pulsed generator use.
• Updates in this edition: Clarification that pulsed generators may be used to reduce power consumption; guidance on heating effects and detecting short-duration PIM events during dynamic testing.

Applications - who uses this standard

This standard is primarily used by:

• RF and microwave test engineers and laboratories performing PIM measurement and characterization
• Manufacturers of passive RF components (connectors, cables, antennas, filters) for design validation and production testing
• Field technicians and installers validating site components for mobile networks, broadcast, CATV and distributed antenna systems
• Certification bodies and compliance teams ensuring components meet industry PIM performance requirements

Practical benefits include repeatable PIM testing procedures, reduced measurement uncertainty, and actionable guidance to reduce PIM generation in components and assemblies.

Related standards

• IEC 62037 (all parts) - the broader series covering passive RF and microwave intermodulation level measurement
• EN IEC 62037-1:2021 - European adoption (CENELEC) of IEC 62037-1:2021

Keywords: EN IEC 62037-1:2021, IEC 62037-1, PIM measurement, passive intermodulation, intermodulation level measurement, passive RF devices, microwave test methods, DUT, low-PIM termination, pulsed generators.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 62037-1:2012
Pasivne radiofrekvenčne (RF) in mikrovalovne naprave, meritve
intermodulacijskega nivoja - 1. del: Splošne zahteve in merilne metode (IEC 62037-
1:2021)
Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement - Part 1:
General requirements and measuring methods (IEC 62037-1:2021)
Passive HF- und Mikrowellenbauteile, Messung des Intermodulationspegels - Teil 1:
Allgemeine Anforderungen und Messverfahren (IEC 62037-1:2021)
Dispositifs RF et à micro-ondes passifs, mesure du niveau d’intermodulation - Partie 1:
Exigences générales et méthodes de mesure (IEC 62037-1:2021)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 62037-1:2021
ICS:
33.120.30 Radiofrekvenčni konektorji RF connectors
(RF)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 62037-1

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2021
ICS 33.040.20 Supersedes EN 62037-1:2012 and all of its amendments
and corrigenda (if any)
English Version
Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level
measurement - Part 1: General requirements and measuring
methods
(IEC 62037-1:2021)
Dispositifs RF et à micro-ondes passifs, mesure du niveau Passive HF- und Mikrowellenbauteile, Messung des
d'intermodulation - Partie 1: Exigences générales et Intermodulationspegels - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen
méthodes de mesure und Messverfahren
(IEC 62037-1:2021) (IEC 62037-1:2021)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2021-12-23. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.

European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 62037-1:2021 E

European foreword
The text of document 46/834/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 62037-1, prepared by IEC/TC 46 “Cables,
wires, waveguides, RF connectors, RF and microwave passive components and accessories” was
submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN IEC 62037-1:2021.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2022–09–23
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2024–12–23
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 62037-1:2012 and all of its amendments and corrigenda (if any).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national committee. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CENELEC website.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 62037-1:2021 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the
relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available
here: www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 62037 series Passive RF and microwave devices, EN IEC 62037 series
intermodulation level measurement

IEC 62037-1 ®
Edition 2.0 2021-11
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement –

Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods

Dispositifs RF et à micro-ondes passifs, mesure du niveau d’intermodulation –

Partie 1: Exigences générales et méthodes de mesure

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 33.040.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-1050-8

– 2 – IEC 62037-1:2021 © IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 5
3.1 Terms and definitions . 5
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 5
4 Characteristics of intermodulation products . 6
5 Principle of test procedure . 6
6 Test set-up . 6
6.1 General . 6
6.2 Test equipment . 7
6.2.1 General . 7
6.2.2 Set-up 1 . 7
6.2.3 Set-up 2 . 8
7 Preparation of DUT and test equipment . 8
7.1 General . 8
7.2 Guidelines for minimizing generation of passive intermodulation . 8
8 Test procedure . 9
9 Reporting. 10
9.1 Results . 10
9.2 Example of results . 10
10 Measurement error . 10
Annex A (informative) Configuration of low-PIM termination . 13
A.1 General . 13
A.2 Configuration of low-PIM terminations . 13
A.2.1 Long cable termination . 13
A.2.2 Lumped termination with a linear attenuator . 13
Annex B (informative) Test procedure considerations . 15
B.1 PIM variation versus frequency . 15
B.2 Stepped frequency sweep method . 15
B.3 Fixed frequency method . 15
B.4 Dynamic PIM testing . 15
B.5 Heating effects . 15

Figure 1 – Set-up 1: reverse IM-test set-up . 11
Figure 2 – Set-up 2: forward IM-test set-up . 11
Figure 3 – Passive intermodulation (PIM) measurement error caused by residual
system error . 12
Figure A.1 – Long cable termination . 13
Figure A.2 – Lumped termination with a linear attenuator . 14

Table 1 – Guide for the design, selection of materials and handling of components that
can be susceptible to PIM generation . 9
Table 2 – Test set-up conditions . 10

IEC 62037-1:2021 © IEC 2021 – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
PASSIVE RF AND MICROWAVE DEVICES,
INTERMODULATION LEVEL MEASUREMENT –

Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
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consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
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3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 62037-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 46: Cables, wires, waveguides, RF
connectors, RF and microwave passive components and accessories. It is an International
Standard.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2012. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) clarification added that test equipment may utilize pulsed generators to reduce power
consumption;
b) heating effect differences in the device under test noted in Annex B for tests conducted
using pulsed generators;
c) guidance added in Annex B to improve probability of detection of short duration PIM events
while dynamic testing.
– 4 – IEC 62037-1:2021 © IEC 2021
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
46/834/FDIS 46/855/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
This International Standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 62037 (all parts).
A list of all the parts in the IEC 62037 series, published under the general title Passive RF and
microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The "colour inside" logo on the cover page of this document indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

IEC 62037-1:2021 © IEC 2021 – 5 –
PASSIVE RF AND MICROWAVE DEVICES,
INTERMODULATION LEVEL MEASUREMENT –

Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods

1 Scope
This part of IEC 62037 deals with the general requirements and measuring methods for
intermodulation (IM) level measurement of passive RF and microwave components, which can
be caused by the presence of two or more transmitting signals.
The test procedures given in this document give the general requirements and measurement
methods required to characterize the level of unwanted IM signals using two transmitting signals.
The IEC 62037 series addresses the measurement of PIM, but does not cover the long-term
reliability of a product with reference to its performance.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 62037 (all parts), Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.2 Abbreviated terms
...