SIST EN 14985:2007
(Main)Cranes - Slewing jib cranes
Cranes - Slewing jib cranes
This European Standard applies to power operated slewing jib cranes mounted in one position or free to travel on horizontal rails. It does not apply to wall mounted, pillar or workshop jib cranes. This European Standard is not applicable to erection, dismantling operations, or changing the configuration of the crane.
This European Standard gives requirements for all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to slewing jib cranes, when used as intended and under conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see Clause 4).
The specific hazards due to potentially explosive atmospheres, ionising radiation, and operation in electromagnetic fields beyond the range of EN 61000-6-2 are not covered by this European Standard.
This European Standard does not include requirements for the lifting of persons.
This European Standard is applicable to slewing jib cranes, which are manufactured after the date of approval by CEN of this European Standard.
This European Standard is not applicable to slewing jib cranes which are manufactured before the date of its publication as EN.
Krane - Ausleger-Drehkrane
Diese Norm gilt für kraftbetriebene Auslegerdrehkrane, die entweder an einer Position aufgestellt sind oder sich frei auf horizontalen Schienen bewegen. Sie gilt nicht für an der Wand montierte Auslegerkrane, Säulen-Auslegerkrane oder Werkstatt-Auslegerkrane. Diese Norm gilt nicht für Aufstellung, Demontage oder Änderungen der Krankonfiguration.
Diese Norm gibt Anforderungen für alle für Auslegerdrehkrane zutreffenden signifikanten Gefährdungen, Gefahrensituationen und Gefahr bringenden Ereignisse bei bestimmungsgemäßem Einsatz unter den vom Hersteller vorgesehenen Bedingungen (siehe Abschnitt 4) an.
Die spezifischen Gefährdungen durch explosive Atmosphären, ionisierende Strahlung und Betrieb in elektromagnetischen Feldern über den Bereich von EN 61000-6-2 hinaus werden in dieser Norm nicht behandelt.
Diese Norm erfasst keine Anforderungen an das Heben von Personen.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für Auslegerdrehkrane, die nach dem Datum der Annahme dieser Norm durch das CEN hergestellt wurden.
Diese Norm gilt nicht für Auslegerdrehkrane, die hergestellt wurden, bevor diese Norm als EN veröffentlicht wurde.
Appareils de levage a charge suspendue - Grues a fleche pivotante
La présente norme s'applique aux grues a fleche pivotante montées en un emplacement fixe ou a déplacement libre sur des rails horizontaux. Elle ne s'applique pas aux grues a fleche a montage mural, a colonne ou d'atelier, lesquelles sont traitées dans le prEN 14492-2 consacré aux palans. La présente norme n'est pas applicable aux opérations de montage et de démontage ou de changement de configuration de la grue.
La présente norme donne les prescriptions concernant l'ensemble des phénomenes, des situations et des événements dangereux significatifs dans le domaine des grues a fleche pivotante, lorsqu'elles sont utilisées pour l'emploi auquel elles sont destinées et dans des conditions prévues par le fabricant (voir Article 4).
Les phénomenes dangereux spécifiques provoqués par les atmospheres explosibles et les rayonnements ionisants et dus au fonctionnement dans des environnements soumis a des champs électromagnétiques au-dela de la gamme prévue dans l'EN 61000-6-2 ne sont pas couverts par la présente norme.
La présente norme comprend les prescriptions relatives au levage de personnes.
NOTE L'utilisation de grues pour le levage de personnes peut etre soumise a des reglements nationaux spécifiques.
La présente Norme européenne est applicable aux grues a fleche pivotante fabriquées apres la date d'approbation de la présente norme par le CEN.
Dvigala (žerjavi) - Vrtljiva ročična dvigala
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 14985:2007
01-september-2007
'YLJDOD åHUMDYL 9UWOMLYDURþLþQDGYLJDOD
Cranes - Slewing jib cranes
Krane - Ausleger-Drehkrane
Appareils de levage a charge suspendue - Grues a fleche pivotante
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 14985:2007
ICS:
53.020.20 Dvigala Cranes
SIST EN 14985:2007 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 14985:2007
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SIST EN 14985:2007
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 14985
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2007
ICS 53.020.20
English Version
Cranes - Slewing jib cranes
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Grues à flèche Krane - Ausleger-Drehkrane
pivotante
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 March 2007.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 14985:2007: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 14985:2007
EN 14985:2007 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword.4
Introduction .5
1 Scope .6
2 Normative references .6
3 Terms and definitions .8
4 List of hazards.8
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures.12
5.1 General.12
5.2 Requirements for strength and stability .12
5.2.1 Selection of classification parameters .12
5.2.2 Selection of loads and load combinations.12
5.2.3 Determination of factor φφφφ .12
2
5.2.4 Stall load condition.13
5.2.5 Loads caused by acceleration.14
5.2.6 Jib side loading.14
5.2.7 Test loads .14
5.2.8 Conditions of use of permissible stress method and limit state method.14
5.2.9 Stability of rail mounted cranes .15
5.3 Electrotechnical equipment.16
5.3.1 Physical environment and operating conditions .16
5.3.2 Electrical supply .16
5.3.3 External protective earthing and equipotential bonding.16
5.3.4 Supply disconnecting and switching off.16
5.3.5 Protection against electric shock .17
5.3.6 Conductors and cables .17
5.3.7 Control circuits and control functions .17
5.3.8 Operator interface and mounted control devices .18
5.3.9 Electronic equipment .19
5.3.10 Control gear – location, mounting and enclosures.19
5.3.11 5.3.11 Electrical requirements for the installation of load handling devices .19
5.3.12 Electric motors.19
5.4 Non-electrotechnical equipment.19
5.4.1 General.19
5.4.2 Braking systems .20
5.4.3 Hoisting mechanism.21
5.4.4 Luffing system .21
5.4.5 Slew mechanism.22
5.4.6 Travel mechanism.23
5.4.7 Gear drives .23
5.5 Limiting and indicating devices .24
5.5.1 Rated capacity limiters.24
5.5.2 Indicators.25
5.5.3 Motion limiters .25
5.5.4 Performance limiters .25
5.6 Protection against special hazards.26
5.6.1 Hot surfaces .26
5.6.2 Radio equipment.26
5.6.3 Laser beams.26
5.6.4 Fire hazard.26
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5.6.5 Exhaust gases .26
5.6.6 Fuelling.26
5.7 Man-machine interface.26
5.7.1 Controls and control stations .26
5.7.2 Guarding and access .27
5.7.3 Lighting.27
5.7.4 Reduction of noise by design .28
5.8 Equipment for information and warning.29
5.8.1 General .29
5.8.2 Location of visual display units.29
5.8.3 Safety colour.29
5.8.4 Warning lights.29
5.9 Personal protection equipment .30
6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or protective measures .30
6.1 General .30
6.2 Fitness for purpose testing .33
6.2.1 General .33
6.2.2 Tests .33
7 Information for use.35
7.1 Instructions for installation and safe use .35
7.2 Driver’s manual.35
7.3 User’s manual .36
7.4 Instructions for regular checks, inspections and tests.37
7.5 Instructions for maintenance .37
7.6 Markings.38
8 Information to be obtained from the purchaser .38
Annex A (informative) Guidance for classification according to EN 13001-1.39
Annex B (normative) Load combinations.47
Annex C (informative) Calculation of stall load factor for indirect acting lifting force limiter .48
Annex D (normative) Noise test code for slewing jib cranes .50
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC.56
Bibliography.57
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SIST EN 14985:2007
EN 14985:2007 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 14985:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Cranes - Safety”,
the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by November 2007.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
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EN 14985:2007 (E)
Introduction
This European Standard has been prepared to be a harmonised standard to provide one means for slewing jib
cranes to conform with the essential health and safety requirements of the Machinery Directive, as mentioned
in Annex ZA.
Absolute safety of cranes cannot be ensured by design alone, as their operation depends on the skill of
operators, maintenance personnel and inspectors as well as on the numerous technical parameters relating to
the crane and its operating environment, which may have large scatter.
As many of the hazards related to slewing jib cranes relate to their operating environment and use, it is
assumed in the preparation of this European Standard that all the relevant information relating to the use and
operating environment of the crane has been exchanged between the manufacturer and user (as
recommended in
ISO 9374, Parts 1 and 4), covering such issues as, for example:
• clearances;
• requirements concerning protection against hazardous environments;
• processed materials, such as potentially flammable or explosive material (e.g. coal, powder type
materials).
This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100-1.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events are
covered are indicated in the scope of this European Standard.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the
provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines
that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard.
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SIST EN 14985:2007
EN 14985:2007 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard applies to power operated slewing jib cranes mounted in one position or free to travel
on horizontal rails. It does not apply to wall mounted, pillar or workshop jib cranes. This European Standard is
not applicable to erection, dismantling operations, or changing the configuration of the crane.
This European Standard gives requirements for all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events
relevant to slewing jib cranes, when used as intended and under conditions foreseen by the manufacturer
(see Clause 4).
The specific hazards due to potentially explosive atmospheres, ionising radiation, and operation in
electromagnetic fields beyond the range of EN 61000-6-2 are not covered by this European Standard.
This European Standard does not include requirements for the lifting of persons.
This European Standard is applicable to slewing jib cranes, which are manufactured after the date of approval
by CEN of this European Standard.
This European Standard is not applicable to slewing jib cranes which are manufactured before the date of its
publication as EN.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 294, Safety of machinery — Safety distance to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper limbs
EN 547-1, Safety of machinery — Human body measurements — Part 1: Principles for determining the
dimensions required for openings for whole body access into machinery
EN 547-2, Safety of machinery — Human body measurements — Part 2: Principles for determining the
dimensions required for access openings
EN 894-1, Safety of machinery — Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control actuators
— Part 1: General principles for human interactions with displays and control actuators
EN 894-2, Safety of machinery — Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control actuators
— Part 2: Displays
EN 953, Safety of machinery — Guards — General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and
movable guards
EN 10002-1, Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at ambient temperature
EN 12077-2:1998, Cranes safety — Requirements for health and safety — Part 2: Limiting and indicating
devices
EN 12644-1, Cranes — Information for use and testing — Part 1: Instructions
EN 12644-2, Cranes — Information for use and testing — Part 2: Marking
EN 13001-1, Cranes — General design — Part 1: General principles and requirements
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EN 14985:2007 (E)
EN 13001-2:2004, Cranes — General design — Part 2: Load actions
CEN/TS 13001-3-1, Cranes — General design — Part 3-1: Limit states and proof of competence of steel
structures
CEN/TS 13001-3-2, Cranes — General design — Part 3-2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire ropes
in reeving systems
EN 13135-1, Cranes — Safety — Design — Requirements for equipment — Part 1: Electrotechnical
equipment
EN 13135-2, Cranes — Equipment — Part 2: Non-electrotechnical equipment
EN 13155, Cranes — Safety — Non-fixed load lifting attachments
EN 13557:2003, Cranes — Controls and control stations
EN 13586: 2004, Cranes — Access
EN 60204-11, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 11: Requirements for HV
equipment for voltages above 1000 V a.c. or 1500 V d.c. and not exceeding 36 kV (IEC 60204- 11:2000)
EN 60204-32:1998, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 32: Requirements for
hoisting machines (IEC 60204-32:1998)
EN 60825-1, Safety of laser products — Part 1: Equipment classification, requirements and user's guide (IEC
60825-1:1993)
EN ISO 4871:1996, Acoustics — Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and
equipment (ISO 4871:1996)
EN ISO 11201, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Measurement of emission sound
pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions — Engineering method in an essentially free
field over a reflecting plane (ISO 11201:1995)
EN ISO 11688-1, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and equipment
— Part 1: Planning (ISO/TR 11688-1:1995)
EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic
terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003)
EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2:
Technical principles (ISO 12100-2:2003)
EN ISO 13732-1:2006, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Methods for the assessment of human
responses to contact with surfaces – Part 1: Hot surfaces (ISO 13732-1:2006)
EN ISO 13849-1, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles
for design (ISO 13849-1:2006)
ISO 3864 (all parts), Graphical symbols - Safety colours and safety signs
ISO 6336-1, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 1: Basic principles, introduction and
general influence factors
ISO 6336-2, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 2: Calculation of surface durability
(pitting)
7
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ISO 7752-4, Cranes — Controls — Layout and characteristics — Part 4: Jib cranes
ISO 8566-4, Cranes — Cabins — Part 4: Jib cranes
ISO 9374-4, Cranes — Information to be provided — Part 4: Jib cranes
ISO 12210-4, Cranes — Anchoring devices for in-service and out-of-service conditions — Part 4: Jib cranes
ISO 12488-4, Cranes — Tolerances for wheels and travel and traversing tracks — Part 4: Jib cranes
FEM 1.001:1998 (all booklets), Rules for the design of hoisting appliances
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and the following
apply.
3.1
rated capacity: m
RC
maximum net load (the sum of the payload and non-fixed load-lifting attachment) that the crane is designed to
lift for a given crane configuration and load location during normal operation
3.2
hoist load: m
H
sum of the masses of the load equal to the rated capacity, the fixed lifting attachment and the hoist medium
3.3
slewing jib crane
power operated crane designed for permanent installation, mounted in either a fixed position or free to travel
on horizontal rails, equipped with a jib which is able to rotate around a vertical axis
3.4
direct acting lifting force limiter
device that limits the force on the system to a specified level
3.5
indirect acting force limiter
device that measures the force on the system and activates a second device to stop the motion
4 List of hazards
Table 1 contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they are dealt with in
this European Standard, identified by risk assessment as significant for this type of machinery and which
require action to eliminate or reduce the risk.
Table 1 — List of significant hazards and associated requirements
No. Hazard Relevant
(as listed in EN 1050) clause(s) in this
European
Standard
1 Mechanical hazards
1.1 Generated by machine parts or
workpieces, e.g. by:
1.1.1 shape
1.1.2 relative location 5.7.2
1.1.3 mass and stability 5.2
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1.1.4 mass and velocity 5.4.4, 5.4.5,
5.7.1.3
1.1.5 inadequacy of mechanical strength 5.2
1.2 Accumulation of energy inside the
machinery, e.g. by:
1.2.1 elastic elements (springs)
1.2.2 fluids under pressure 5.3.1
1.2.3 the effect of vacuum
1.3 Elementary forms of mechanical hazards
1.3.1 crushing 5.1, 5.7.2, 7.2
1.3.2 shearing 5.7.2
1.3.3 cutting or severing
1.3.4 entanglement hazard
1.3.5 drawing-in or trapping hazard 5.7.2
- moving transmission parts
1.3.6 impact 5.5.3, 7.2
1.3.7 stabbing or puncture hazard
1.3.8 friction or abrasion hazard
1.3.9 high pressure fluid injection or ejection 7.4
hazard
2 Electrical hazards due to: 5.3
2.1 Contact of persons with live parts (direct 5.3.5.1
contact)
2.2 Contact of persons with parts which have 5.3.5.2
become live under faulty conditions
(indirect contact)
2.3 Approach to live parts under high voltage 5.3.5.1
2.4 Electrostatic phenomena 5.3.3
3 Thermal hazards, resulting in:
3.1 burns and scalds, by possible 5.6.1, 7.5
contact of persons with objects or
materials with an extreme temperature,
by flames, by radiation etc.
4 Hazards generated by noise, resulting
in:
4.1 Hearing losses 5.7.4, 7.3
4.2 Interference with speech communication, 5.7.4, 7.3
signals etc.
6 Radiation
6.0 External radiation See introduction
6.1 Low frequency, radio frequency radiation, 5.6.2
micro waves
6.2 Infrared, visible, UV-light
6.3 X and gamma rays
6.4 Alpha, beta rays, electron or ion beams;
neutrons
6.5 Lasers 5.6.3
7 Processed materials and substances,
used materials, fuels
7.1 Hazards from contact with harmful fluids, 5.6.4, 5.6.5,
gases, mists, fumes and dusts 5.6.6
See Introduction
7.2 Fire or explosion hazard See Introduction
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8 Neglected ergonomic principles in
machine design e.g. hazards from:
8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive efforts 5.7.1.2
8.2 Inadequate consideration of hand-arm or
foot-leg anatomy
8.3 Neglected use of personal protection 5.9
equipment
8.4 Inadequate local lighting 5.7.3
8.5 Mental overload or underload, stress 7.3
8.6 Human errors, human behaviour 5.2.9.3, 5.4.1,
5.4.4.1, 5.4.5.2,
5.7.1, 7.1
8.7 Inadequate design, location or 5.7.1
identification of manual controls
8.8 Inadequate design or location of visual 5.8.2
display units
10 Unexpected start-up, unexpected 5.3, 5.5
overrun/over-speed (or any similar
malfunction) from:
10.1 Failure/ disorder of control systems 5.7.1
10.2 Restoration of energy supply after an 5.3, 5.5
interruption
10.3 External influences on electrical 5.3.1.
equipment
10.4 Other external influences (gravity, wind 5.4.1.1/2,
etc.) 5.4.2.2,
5.4.4.1,
5.4.5.1/2
10.5 Errors in the software 5.3.9
10.6 Errors made by the operator (due to 5.5
mismatch of machinery with human
characteristics and abilities, see 8.6)
11 Impossibility of stopping the machine 5.4.5.1
in the best possible conditions
13 Failure of the power supply 5.3.2
16 Break-up during operation 5.2, 7.4, 7.5
17 Falling or ejected objects. or fluid 5.7.2
19 Slip, trip and falling of persons (related 5.7.2
to machinery)
Additional hazards and hazardous events due to mobility
20 Relating to the travelling function
20.1 Uncontrolled movement of crane when
starting the engine
20.2 Movement without a driver at the driving
position
20.3 Movement without all parts in a safe
position
20.4 Excessive speed of pedestrian controlled
machinery
20.5 Excessive oscillations when moving 5.2.8.6
20.6 Insufficient ability of machinery to be 5.4.5.1, 7.3
slowed down, stopped and immobilised
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21 Linked to the work position (including
driving station) on the machine
21.1 Fall of persons during access to (or 5.7.2
at/from) the work position
21.2 Exhaust gases / lack of oxygen at the 5.6.5
work position
21.3 Fire (flammability of the cab, lack of
extinguishing means)
21.4 Mechanical hazards at the work position
- contact with the wheels 5.7.2
- fall of objects, penetration by objects
- contact of persons with machine parts
or tools (ped. contr.)
21.5 Insufficient visibility from the working 5.7.1.3, 5.7.3,
position 5.8.2
21.6 Inadequate lighting 5.7.3
21.7 Inadequate seating
21.8 Noise at the driving position 5.7.7, 7.3
21.9 Vibration at the driving position 5.2.8.6
21.10 Insufficient means of 5.6.4
evacuation/emergency exit
22 Due to the control system 5.4.1
22.1 Inadequate location of controls /control
devices
22.2 Inadequate design of the actu
...
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