ASTM E2837-23a

Standard Test Method for Determining the Fire Resistance of Continuity Head-of-Wall Joint Systems Installed Between Rated Wall Assemblies and Nonrated Horizontal Assemblies

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method evaluates the following under the specified test conditions:  
5.1.1 The ability of a test specimen to undergo movement without reducing its fire resistance rating, and  
5.1.2 The duration for which a test specimen will contain a fire and retain its integrity during a predetermined fire resistive test exposure.  
5.2 This test method provides for the following measurements and evaluations where applicable:  
5.2.1 Ability of the test specimen  to movement cycle.  
5.2.2 Ability of the test specimen  to prohibit the passage of flames and hot gases.  
5.2.3 Transmission of heat through the test specimen.  
5.2.4 Ability of the test specimen  to resist the passage of water during a hose stream test.  
5.3 This test method does not provide the following:  
5.3.1 Any information about the rated wall assembly because its performance has already been determined.  
5.3.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the test specimen contributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxic gases, or other products of combustion.  
5.3.3 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the test specimen.  
5.3.4 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the test specimen.
Note 3: The information in 5.3.1 – 5.3.4 may be determined by other suitable fire resistive test methods. For example, 5.3.4 may be determined by Test Method E84.  
5.4 In this procedure, the test specimens are subjected to one or more specific tests under laboratory conditions. When different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by, or from, this test method to predict changes to the characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the exposure conditions described in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response test method measures the performance of a unique fire resistive joint system called a continuity head-of-wall joint system, which is designed to be used between a rated wall assembly and a nonrated horizontal assembly during a fire resistance test.  
1.2 This fire-test-response standard does not measure the performance of the rated wall assembly or the nonrated horizontal assembly.
Note 1: Typically, rated wall assemblies obtain a fire resistance rating after being tested to Test Method E119, UL 263, CAN/ULC-S101, or other similar fire resistance test methods.  
1.3 This fire-test-response standard is not intended to evaluate the connections between rated wall assemblies and nonrated horizontal assemblies  unless part of the continuity head-of-wall joint system.  
1.4 The fire resistive test end point is the period of time elapsing before the first performance criteria is reached when the continuity head-of-wall joint system is subjected to one of two time-temperature fire exposures.  
1.5 The fire exposure conditions used are either those specified by Test Method E119 for testing assemblies to standard time-temperature exposures or Test Method E1529 for testing assemblies to rapid-temperature rise fires.  
1.6 This test method specifies the heating conditions, methods of test, and criteria to establish a fire resistance rating only for a continuity head-of-wall joint system.  
1.7 Test results establish the performance of continuity head-of-wall joint systems to maintain continuity of fire resistance of the rated wall assembly where the continuity head-of-wall joint system interfaces with a nonrated horizontal assembly during the fire-exposure period.  
1.8 Test results shall not be construed as having determined the continuity head-of-wall joint system, nonrated horizontal assembly and the rated wall assembly’s suitability for use after that fire exposure.  
1.9 This test method does not provide quantitative information about the continuity head-of-wall joint system relative to the rate of leakage of smoke or gases or both. However, ...

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2023
• ICS: 13.220.50 - Fire-resistance of building materials and elements
• ICS: 91.060.10 - Walls. Partitions. Facades
• Technical Committee: E05 - Fire Standards
• Drafting Committee: E05.11 - Fire Resistance

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E2837-23 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Fire Resistance of Continuity Head-of-Wall Joint Systems Installed Between Rated Wall Assemblies and Nonrated Horizontal Assemblies
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Refers: ASTM E176-24 - Standard Terminology of Fire Standards
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Refers: ASTM E84-23d - Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Refers: ASTM E2226-23a - Standard Practice for Application of Hose Stream
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Refers: ASTM E2226-23 - Standard Practice for Application of Hose Stream
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2023
• Refers: ASTM E84-23c - Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2023
• Referred By: ASTM E3038-22a - Standard Practice for Assessing and Qualifying Candidates as Inspectors of Firestop Systems and Fire-Resistive Joint Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM E176-21ae1 - Standard Terminology of Fire Standards
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM E3157-23 - Standard Guide for Understanding and Using Information Related to Installation of Firestop Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM E2750-23 - Standard Guide for Extension of Data from Penetration Firestop System Tests Conducted in Accordance with ASTM E814
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023

Overview

ASTM E2837-23a is the Standard Test Method for Determining the Fire Resistance of Continuity Head-of-Wall Joint Systems Installed Between Rated Wall Assemblies and Nonrated Horizontal Assemblies. Published by ASTM International, this fire resistance standard focuses specifically on the performance of head-of-wall joint systems that bridge the gap between rated wall assemblies and nonrated horizontal elements, such as ceilings, floors, or roofs.

Continuity head-of-wall joint systems are critical in maintaining a fire resistance barrier at building joint openings, ensuring that the separation between occupied compartments meets model code requirements for fire safety. ASTM E2837-23a provides methods to evaluate the fire containment capabilities, structural integrity under movement, and resistance to hose stream impacts, making it a vital reference for architects, fire protection engineers, contractors, and code officials.

Key Topics

• Fire Resistance Performance: The method measures how well a continuity head-of-wall joint system resists fire exposure, ensuring it maintains the fire resistance of the rated wall assembly during a fire event.
• Movement Accommodation: The test simulates real-world building movements (thermal, seismic, wind sway, or combined), evaluating if the joint system remains intact and effective after cycling through expected joint width changes.
• Integrity Evaluation: Checks the ability of the joint system to prevent the passage of flames and hot gases, using methods such as cotton pad applications during fire exposure.
• Heat Transmission: Assesses thermal transfer through the joint system during the fire test.
• Hose Stream Resistance: Evaluates the ability of the joint to withstand the impact, cooling, and erosion caused by a hose stream after fire exposure, simulating firefighter intervention.
• Test Limitations: The standard does not assess smoke leakage, toxic gas emissions, flame spread across the surface, or the fire performance of the rated wall or nonrated horizontal assembly itself.

Applications

ASTM E2837-23a is applicable wherever a fire-resistant separation is required between wall and horizontal elements, particularly:

• Commercial and Institutional Buildings: Ensures that head-of-wall joints do not become weak links in rated wall assemblies where they meet floors, roofs, or ceiling systems that are not themselves rated.
• Healthcare and High-Occupancy Facilities: Used in settings with strict fire containment needs to protect egress paths and occupied spaces.
• Code Compliance and Specifying: Provides a clear test procedure for compliance with model building codes and fire safety regulations regarding joint continuity and fire compartmentalization.
• Design and Construction: Assists architects and contractors in selecting appropriate head-of-wall joint systems that meet fire resistance criteria under realistic building movement scenarios.
• Product Certification and Quality Assurance: Manufacturers use the test method to qualify and certify their fire-resistant joint systems.

Related Standards

ASTM E2837-23a references and aligns with multiple related fire testing and construction standards, ensuring comprehensive fire safety evaluation, including:

• ASTM E119 - Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials
• ASTM E1529 - Test Methods for Determining Effects of Large Hydrocarbon Pool Fires on Structural Members and Assemblies
• ASTM E2307 - Test Method for Determining Fire Resistance of Perimeter Fire Barriers
• ASTM E1399 - Test Method for Cyclic Movement and Measuring Architectural Joint Systems
• ASTM E814, UL 2079, CAN/ULC-S101 - Additional fire testing and classification standards for related assemblies and joint systems
• NFPA 251, UL 263, ISO 834 - Internationally recognized fire endurance and fire resistance test standards for building construction

By referencing ASTM E2837-23a, professionals ensure that continuity head-of-wall joint systems are rigorously evaluated for fire resistance and fit for practical use in fire-safe building design.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2837 − 23a An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Fire Resistance of Continuity Head-of-Wall
Joint Systems Installed Between Rated Wall Assemblies and
Nonrated Horizontal Assemblies
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2837; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Wall continuity is required by various model codes at joint openings, which are linear voids, gaps,
openings, or other discontinuities between or bounded by a rated wall assembly and nonrated
horizontal assemblies, to ensure that the protected joint opening has the same fire resistance rating as
the rated wall assembly. The joint opening at the termination at the top of the rated wall assembly
below the nonrated horizontal assembly must be protected by a continuity head-of-wall joint system,
which has a fire resistance rating, in order to maintain continuity established by the rated wall
assembly. This test method is not required when the rated wall assembly contacts nonrated horizontal
assemblies when there is no joint opening. Normally such joint openings are denoted as “linear”
because the length is normally greater than their width, which is defined by a typical ratio of at least
10:1 as in practice. Joint openings are present in buildings as a result of: (1) Design to accommodate
various movements induced by thermal differentials, seismicity, and wind loads and exists as a
clearance separation. (2) Acceptable dimensional tolerances between two or more building elements,
for example, between non-loadbearing walls and roofs. (3) Inadequate design, inaccurate assembly,
repairs or damage to the building. There are many unique applications for joint systems in buildings.
To address this issue there are different types of continuity head-of-wall joint systems. It is not possible
to test all fire-resistive joints systems using the same test apparatus or method of test, for example, Test
Method E2307 employs the ISMA test apparatus. A continuity head-of-wall joint system is a particular
type of fire-resistive joint system that provides fire resistance to prevent passage of fire from
compartment to compartment within the building at the joint opening between a rated wall assembly
and a nonrated horizontal assembly. A continuity head-of-wall joint system is a unique building
construction detail not addressed by other fire test methods such as Test Method E1966 that tests joint
systems installed between two assemblies that are fire resistance rated.
NOTE 1—Typically, rated wall assemblies obtain a fire resistance rating
1. Scope
after being tested to Test Method E119, UL 263, CAN/ULC-S101, or other
1.1 This fire-test-response test method measures the perfor-
similar fire resistance test methods.
mance of a unique fire resistive joint system called a continuity
1.3 This fire-test-response standard is not intended to evalu-
head-of-wall joint system, which is designed to be used
ate the connections between rated wall assemblies and non-
between a rated wall assembly and a nonrated horizontal
rated horizontal assemblies unless part of the continuity
assembly during a fire resistance test.
head-of-wall joint system.
1.2 This fire-test-response standard does not measure the
performance of the rated wall assembly or the nonrated
1.4 The fire resistive test end point is the period of time
horizontal assembly.
elapsing before the first performance criteria is reached when
the continuity head-of-wall joint system is subjected to one of
two time-temperature fire exposures.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire
Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.11 on Fire 1.5 The fire exposure conditions used are either those
Resistance.
specified by Test Method E119 for testing assemblies to
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2023. Published December 2023. Originally
standard time-temperature exposures or Test Method E1529 for
approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2023 as E2837 – 23. DOI:
10.1520/E2837-23A. testing assemblies to rapid-temperature rise fires.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2837 − 23a
1.6 This test method specifies the heating conditions, meth- 2. Referenced Documents
ods of test, and criteria to establish a fire resistance rating only 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
for a continuity head-of-wall joint system.
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
Building Materials
1.7 Test results establish the performance of continuity
E119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction
head-of-wall joint systems to maintain continuity of fire resis-
and Materials
tance of the rated wall assembly where the continuity head-of-
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
wall joint system interfaces with a nonrated horizontal assem-
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
bly during the fire-exposure period.
E814 Test Method for Fire Tests of Penetration Firestop
1.8 Test results shall not be construed as having determined
Systems
the continuity head-of-wall joint system, nonrated horizontal
E1399 Test Method for Cyclic Movement and Measuring the
assembly and the rated wall assembly’s suitability for use after
Minimum and Maximum Joint Widths of Architectural
that fire exposure.
Joint Systems
E1529 Test Methods for Determining Effects of Large Hy-
1.9 This test method does not provide quantitative informa-
drocarbon Pool Fires on Structural Members and Assem-
tion about the continuity head-of-wall joint system relative to
blies
the rate of leakage of smoke or gases or both. However, it
E1966 Test Method for Fire-Resistive Joint Systems
requires that such phenomena be documented and reported
E2226 Practice for Application of Hose Stream
when describing the general behavior of continuity head-of-
E2307 Test Method for Determining Fire Resistance of
wall joint systems during the fire resistive test but is not part of
Perimeter Fire Barriers Using Intermediate-Scale, Multi-
the conditions of compliance.
story Test Apparatus
1.10 Potentially important factors and fire characteristics
2.2 ISO Standards:
not addressed by this test method include, but are not limited
ISO 834 Fire resistance tests – Elements of building con-
to:
struction
1.10.1 The performance of the continuity head-of-wall joint
ISO 10295-1 Fire tests for building elements and compo-
system constructed with components other than those tested.
nents – Fire testing of service installations – Part 1:
1.10.2 The cyclic movement capabilities of continuity head-
Penetration seals
of-wall joint systems other than the cycling conditions tested.
ISO 10295-2 Fire tests for building elements and compo-
nents – Fire testing of service installations – Part 2: Linear
1.11 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be re-
joint (gap) seals
garded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
2.3 Underwriters Laboratories Standards:
information only and are not considered standard.
UL 263 Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials
UL 2079 Standard for Tests for fire Resistance of Building
1.12 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
Joint Systems
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
UL 1479 Standard for Fire Tests of Through-Penetration
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
Firestops
as requirements of the standard.
CAN/ULC-S101 Standard Methods of Fire Endurance Tests
1.13 This standard is used to measure and describe the
of Building Construction and Materials
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
CAN/ULC-S115 Standard Method of Fire Tests of Firestop
flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself
Systems
incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk
assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under
3. Terminology
actual fire conditions.
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method and
1.14 This standard does not purport to address all of the
associated with fire issues, refer to the definitions contained in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Terminology E176.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 For definitions of term used in this test method and
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
associated with building issues, refer to the definitions con-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tained in Terminology E631.
1.15 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-
guards for personnel and property shall be employed in
conducting these tests.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1.16 This international standard was developed in accor-
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. WA 98607-8542, http://www.ul.com.
E2837 − 23a
3.3 When there is a conflict between Terminology E176 and 3.4.12 test specimen, n—a continuity head-of-wall joint
Terminology E631 definitions, Terminology E176 definitions system of a specific material(s), design, and width.
shall apply.
4. Summary of Test Method
3.4 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.4.1 continuity, n—maintaining the fire resistance rating of
4.1 This test method describes the following test sequence
the rated wall assembly and the protected joint opening to the and procedure:
underside of the nonrated horizontal assembly by use of a
4.1.1 The test specimen, the rated wall assembly and non-
continuity head-of-wall joint system, which achieves the same rated horizontal assembly shall be conditioned before move-
or greater fire resistance rating as the rated wall assembly.
ment cycle testing and fire resistive testing.
3.4.1.1 Discussion—This maintenance is achieved using
NOTE 2—The movement cycle testing is based on Test Method E1399.
materials or devices, or both, installed to extend and continue
This test is not designed to address all types of movement. It does however
the fire resistance rating of the wall assembly to the underside
provide some indication of the ability of the test specimen to accommo-
of the nonrated horizontal assembly above. date some movement without incurring damage.
3.4.2 continuity head-of-wall joint system, n—materials or
4.1.2 When the test specimen requires movement capability,
devices, or both, installed to resist the spread of fire for a which is defined as when the maximum joint width does not
prescribed period of time through the joint opening between a
equal the minimum joint width, the test specimen shall be
fire-resistance rated wall assembly below and nonrated hori- subjected to the movement cycle test before being fire resistive
zontal assembly above.
tested.
4.1.3 When desired, apply a superimposed load to the test
3.4.3 joint opening, n—the space between a rated wall
assembly.
assembly and the nonrated horizontal assembly above, which
4.1.4 During the fire test, the integrity of the test specimen
is either a void space or gap, or which is filled either partially
is determined by use of a cotton pad.
or completely by a material, other than the wall material.
4.1.5 After the fire test, subject the test assembly to a hose
3.4.4 maximum joint width, n—the greatest width, size, or
stream test.
distance to which the continuity head-of-wall joint system is
specified to open.
5. Significance and Use
3.4.4.1 Discussion—The maximum joint width equals the
nominal joint width plus the extension of the continuity 5.1 This test method evaluates the following under the
head-of-wall joint system from the nominal joint width posi- specified test conditions:
tion. 5.1.1 The ability of a test specimen to undergo movement
without reducing its fire resistance rating, and
3.4.5 minimum joint width, n—the narrowest width, size, or
5.1.2 The duration for which a test specimen will contain a
distance to which the continuity head-of-wall joint system is
fire and retain its integrity during a predetermined fire resistive
specified to close.
test exposure.
3.4.5.1 Discussion—The minimum joint width equals the
nominal joint width minus the compression of the continuity
5.2 This test method provides for the following measure-
head-of-wall joint system from the nominal joint width posi-
ments and evaluations where applicable:
tion.
5.2.1 Ability of the test specimen to movement cycle.
5.2.2 Ability of the test specimen to prohibit the passage of
3.4.6 movement cycle, n—the change between the minimum
flames and hot gases.
joint width and the maximum joint width of a continuity
5.2.3 Transmission of heat through the test specimen.
head-of-wall joint system.
5.2.4 Ability of the test specimen to resist the passage of
3.4.7 nominal joint width, n—the specified opening width,
water during a hose stream test.
size, or distance of a joint opening that is selected for test
purposes.
5.3 This test method does not provide the following:
3.4.7.1 Discussion—The nominal joint width is typically the 5.3.1 Any information about the rated wall assembly be-
joint width that exists in the building at the time the continuity
cause its performance has already been determined.
head-of-wall joint system is installed.
5.3.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the test specimen
contributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxic
3.4.8 nonrated horizontal assembly, n—a ceiling, floor, or
gases, or other products of combustion.
roof assembly that has not been assigned a fire resistance
5.3.3 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of
rating.
the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the
3.4.9 rated wall assembly, n—an interior wall or partition
test specimen.
having a period of fire resistance determined in accordance
5.3.4 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the
with a fire resistance test method.
test specimen.
3.4.10 splice, n—the connection or junction within the
NOTE 3—The information in 5.3.1 – 5.3.4 may be determined by other
length of a test specimen.
suitable fire resistive test methods. For example, 5.3.4 may be determined
by Test Method E84.
3.4.11 test assembly, n—the complete assembly of the test
specimen together with its rated wall assembly and nonrated 5.4 In this procedure, the test specimens are subjected to one
horizontal assembly. or more specific tests under laboratory conditions. When
E2837 − 23a
TABLE 1 Conditions of Test Specimen Cycling
6.7.1.3 When the maximum joint width of the test specimen
Minimum Minimum Number is less than the specified pad size, reduce the width of the pad
Movement Type Cycling Rates of
to match the maximum joint width, subject to a minimum
(cpm) Movement Cycles
dimension of ⁄4 in. (18 mm). The pad length shall be as
Type I — Thermal 1 500
specified and parallel to the test specimen length. If the
Type II — Wind Sway 10 500
Type III — Seismic 30 100
modified thermocouple pad cannot be placed on the contour of
Type IV — Combined 30 100
the surface, then no thermocouple is required at that location.
Movement 10 400
6.7.1.4 When necessary, deform the thermocouple pad to
followed by:
follow the non-planar surface profile of the test specimen.
6.8 Differential Pressure Measurement Instruments:
different test conditions are substituted or the end-use condi-
6.8.1 The differential pressure measurement instrument
tions are changed, it is not always possible by, or from, this test
shall be:
method to predict changes to the characteristics measured.
6.8.1.1 A manometer or equivalent transducer.
Therefore, the results are valid only for the exposure conditions
6.8.1.2 Capable of reading in graduated increments of no
described in this test method.
greater than 0.01 in. H O (2.5 Pa) with a precision of not less
than 60.005 in. H O (61.25 Pa).
6. Apparatus
6.8.1.3 Dimensions in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are stated in inches
6.1 Cycling Apparatus—Equipment (or device) capable of for inch-pound units and the SI units in parentheses are stated
being used to induce movement of a test specimen and meeting
in millimeters.
the required cyclic rate and number of cycles selected from
6.9 Cotton Pads—The cotton pads used to detect hot gases
Table 1.
on the unexposed side of the test specimen or test assembly
NOTE 4—Terms used for movement are indicative of the cyclic rate in
shall be made of materials that meet the requirements specified
expansion and contraction of the test specimen and not of the magnitude
in Test Method E119.
or direction of movement.
6.10 Loading System—When desired, use equipment, or a
6.2 Furnace—An enclosed heating system or device ca-
pable of controlling a fire to the time-temperature curve in Test device, capable of inducing a desired load upon the test
specimen.
Methods E119 or E1529. An example of a vertical furnace with
a test frame is shown in Fig. 1.
6.11 Hose Stream Delivery System—Use the equipment
referenced in Practice E2226.
6.3 Furnace Thermocouples:
6.3.1 When testing to the time-temperature curve in Test
7. Test Assembly
Method E119, use thermocouples in accordance with Test
Method E119.
7.1 The test assembly shall be representative of the con-
struction with respect to materials, workmanship, and details.
6.4 When testing to the time-temperature curve in Test
Method E1529, use furnace thermocouples in accordance with
7.2 Continuity Head-of-Wall Joint System:
Test Method E1529.
7.2.1 Where the maximum joint width is not greater than
4 in. (102 mm) make the test specimen at least 4 ft (1219 mm)
6.5 Pressure-sensing Probes—Use tolerances are 60.5 % of
in length.
dimensions shown in Fig. 2 or Fig. 3.
7.2.2 For a maximum joint width greater than 4 in.
6.5.1 The pressure-sensing probes shall be either:
(102 mm), make the test specimen a minimum length equal to
6.5.1.1 A T-shaped sensor as shown in Fig. 2, or
ten times the maximum joint width or the distance between
6.5.1.2 A tube sensor as shown in Fig. 3.
structural supports passing through the rated wall assembly,
6.6 Unexposed Surface Thermocouples:
whichever is greater, but not exceeding 12 ft (3.65 m).
6.6.1 The wires for the unexposed thermocouple in the
7.2.3 Install the test specimen at the nominal joint width
length covered by the thermocouple pad are not to be heavier
according to the manufacturer’s specified procedure for con-
than No. 18 AWG (0.82 mm ) and are to be electrically
ditions representative of those found in building construction.
insulated with heat-resistant and moisture-resistant coatings.
7.2.4 Test each test specimen with manufactured and field
6.7 Thermocouple Pads:
splices. When the technique of the manufactured splice is the
6.7.1 The thermocouple pads used to cover each unexposed
same as the field splice, test only one splice. The minimum
surface thermocouple on the unexposed side of the test
distance between a splice and the nearest side wall of the test
specimen or test assembly shall be made of materials that meet
frame shall be 1.5 times the thickness of the rated wall
the requirements specified in Test Method E119.
assembly or 12 in. (305 mm), whichever is greater. The
6.7.1.1 For test specimens having a maximum joint width of
minimum separation between splices within a test specimen
less than 6 in. (152 mm) the length and width of the square pad
shall be 36 in. (914 mm).
shall measure 2 in. 6 0.04 in. (50 mm 6 1 mm).
7.2.5 Test all test specimens at their maximum joint width.
6.7.1.2 For test specimens having a maximum joint width
equal to or greater than 6 in. (152 mm) the length and width of
the square pad shall measure 6 in. 6 0.12 in. (152 mm 6
Supporting data is available from ASTM International Headquarters. Request
3 mm). RR:E05:1001.
E2837 − 23a
FIG. 1 Example of Vertical Furnace and Test Frame
1 = Vertical Furnace
2 = Exhaust Flue
3 = View Ports
4 = Gas Burners
5 = Thermocouple Tubes
6 = Test Frame
7 = Test Assembly Location
8 = Loading Jacks (when required)
7.2.6 Test asymmetrical test specimens from both sides 7.3.5 The nonrated horizontal assembly shall have the same
unless it is documented that the side with the lower fire approximate width as the rated wall assembly.
resistance rating is being tested.
7.3.6 The nonrated horizontal assembly shall extend a
minimum of 12 in. (305 mm) beyond each face of the rated
NOTE 5—The verb “document” in 7.2.6 is as defined by Merriam-
wall assembly.
Webster as follows “to provide with factual or substantial support for
statements made or a hypothesis proposed; especially: to equip with exact 7.3.7 Two standard methods A and B are described. These
references to authoritative supporting information.”
methods are not intended to restrict testing other field condi-
tions or constructions. These methods are not intended to
7.3 Test Assembly:
7.3.1 The test assembly shall be installed in a test frame. prohibit the use of sound engineering practices to determine,
document, and test the method or condition with the lower fire
Refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 4.
7.3.2 The rated wall assembly shall have a known fire resistance rating (worse case test scenario) and apply the lower
fire resistance rating to other field conditions or constructions
resistance rating in accordance with Test Methods E119 or
deemed more fire resistive than the tested method.
E1529.
7.3.3 The minimum length of the rated wall assembly to be 7.3.8 Method A—Is intended for use when the corrugation
tested shall be as required by 7.2. of steel decking or the orientation of the grain or fibers of
7.3.4 The minimum height of the rated wall assembly shall materials, for example, wood, gypsum board, etcetera, run
be 4 ft (1.2 m). perpendicular 65° to the rated wall assembly.
E2837 − 23a
FIG. 2 “T” Shaped Pressure Sensing Probe
FIG. 3 Tube Type Pressure Sensing Probe
7.3.8.1 The nonrated horizontal assembly shall be sup- horizontal leg, as shown in Fig. 5. There shall be no attachment
ported by 2-sided rigid support rails oriented perpendicular to between the support rails and the nonrated horizontal assembly
the rated wall assembly using a nominal 4 in. (102 mm) during the fire test. The width of the nonrated horizontal
E2837 − 23a
FIG. 4 Example of Vertical Test Frame and Test Assembly
1 = Test Frame
2 = Rated Wall Assembly
3 = Nonrated Horizontal Assembly in Two-Sided Rigid Support Rails or 4-Sided Rigid Support Frame
4 = Joint Opening
5 = Loading Jacks (when required)
6 = Test Frame Mounting Area
7 = Two-Sided Rigid Support Rails or 4-Sided Rigid Support Frame Typically Attached to Test Frame
8 = Laboratory Installed Insulating Gasket as Needed
assembly shall be 1 in. (25 mm) less than the length of the 7.3.9.2 Before the application of the hose stream test, the
rated wall assembly and shall be centered and free floating nonrated horizontal assembly shall be secured in place to the
between the two sided rigid support rails.
rigid support rails to resist the hose stream.
7.3.8.2 Before the application of the hose stream test, the
NOTE 6—Method A—The nonrated horizontal assembly positioned in
nonrated horizontal assembly shall be secured in place to the the two-sided rigid support rails is intended to accommodate expansion of
the nonrated horizontal assembly during testing without hindrance and
two-sided rigid support rails to resist the hose stream.
allow deflection (concave deformation) of the nonrated horizontal assem-
7.3.9 Method B—Is intended for use when the corrugation
bly towards the test specimen. Method B—The nonrated horizontal
of steel decking or the orientation of the grain or fibers of
assembly positioned in the 4-sided rigid support frame limits expansion of
materials, for example, wood, gypsum board, etcetera, run
the nonrated horizontal assembly during testing and allows deflection
parallel 65° to the rated wall assembly.
(convex camber) of the nonrated horizontal assembly away from the test
7.3.9.1 The nonrated horizontal assembly shall be sup-
specimen. In both Methods A and B, the two-sided rigid support rails and
the 4-sided rigid support frame are not mechanically connected to the
ported by a 4-sided rigid support frame using a nominal 4 in.
rated wall assembly. Rather, the two-sided rigid support rails and the
(102 mm) horizontal leg, as shown in Fig. 6. There shall be
4-sided rigid support frame are typically attached to the test frame, which
mechanical attachment between the support frame and the
is intended to allow independent movement of the nonrated horizontal
nonrated horizontal assembly. The length and width of the
assembly and the rated wall assembly.
nonrated horizontal assembly shall be equal to the length and
width within a tolerance of +0, - ⁄16 in. (+0, -1.6 mm) of the
8. Preparation of Apparatus
dimensions of the 4-sided rigid support frame and secured to it
on all four sides. 8.1 Furnace Thermocouples:
E2837 − 23a
FIG. 5 Example of Method A Configuration (Isometric and Front Views)
1 = Nonrated Horizontal Assembly
2 = Rated Wall Assembly
3 = Two-Sided Rigid Support Rails
4 = Joint Opening
8.1.1 Test Method E119—Make the exposed length of the pressure sensors where they will not be subjected to direct
pyrometer tube and thermocouple in the furnace chamber not impingement of convection currents. Make tubing connected to
less than 12 in. (305 mm). each pressure sensor horizontal both in the furnace and at its
8.1.2 Test Method E1529—Mount a minimum length of 20 egress through the furnace wall such that the pressure is
diameters of the sheathed junction end of the thermocouple relative to the same elevation from the inside to the outside of
parallel to the surface of the test specimen. the furnace.
8.2 Furnace Thermocouple Locations:
9. Calibration and Standardization
8.2.1 Uniformly distribute the furnace thermocouples em-
ployed to measure the temperature of the furnace to give the 9.1 When testing to the time-temperature curve in Test
average temperature in the vicinity of the test specimen. Method E119, a calibration procedure is not required.
Reference 6.3.
9.2 When testing to the time-temperature curve in Test
8.2.2 Position the furnace thermocouples before the start of
Method E1529, follow the calibration procedure in Test
the fire resistive test. If a furnace thermocouple will come in
Method E1529.
contact with or will touch the test assembly during the test,
reposition that furnace thermocouple to avoid any contact with
10. Conditioning
the test assembly.
10.1 When testing to the time-temperature curve in E119,
8.2.3 Place the junction of each furnace thermocouple 6 in.
condition the test assembly in accordance with Test Method
6 1 in. (152 mm 6 25 mm) from the exposed surface of the
E119.
rated wall assembly.
8.2.4 Place not less than three furnace thermocouples for a 10.2 When testing to the time-temperature curve in Test
2 2
rated wall assembly measuring 16 ft (1.5 m ) and less. Place Method E1529, condition the test assembly in accordance with
not less than five furnace thermocouples for a rated wall Test Method E1529.
2 2
assembly larger than 16 ft (1.5 m ).
11. Movement Cycle Test Procedure
8.3 Furnace Pressure:
8.3.1 Make the minimum vertical distance between pressure 11.1 When the test specimen requires movement capability,
sensors one-half the height of the furnace chamber. Locate the it shall be movement cycled before being fire resistance tested.
E2837 − 23a
FIG. 6 Example of Method B Configuration (Isometric and Front Views)
1 = Nonrated Horizontal Assembly
2 = Rated Wall Assembly
3 = 4-Sided Rigid Support Frame
4 = Joint Opening
11.2 Prior to the fire exposure, subject test specimens that test; it is not to be less than 50 °F (10 °C). Measure the velocity
meet the criteria of 11.1 to a movement cycle test. Use of air moving horizontally across the unexposed surface of the
appropriate cycling apparatus. Reference 6.1.
test assembly immediately before the test begins; it is not to
exceed 4.4 ft/s (1.3 m/s) as determined by an anemometer
11.3 The test sponsor selects the movement type desired for
placed at right angles to the unexposed surface. When me-
the movement cycle test from Table 1.
chanical ventilation is employed during the test, do not direct
11.4 Install each test specimen at its nominal gap, recess or
an air stream across the surface of the test assembly.
separation dimension. Cycle each test specimen in accordance
12.2 Unexposed Surface Temperatures:
with the cyclic rate and number of movement cycles for the
movement type selected from Table 1.
12.2.1 Provide unexposed surface thermocouples, reference
6.5, in conformance with the type required by the selected
11.5 Do not allow alterations or modifications which will
time-temperature curve. Measure the temperatures of the
enhance the thermal performance of the test specimen during or
unexposed surface (surface of test specimen opposite the
after the movement cycle test.
exposure to furnace fire) with thermocouples placed under
11.6 Examine the test specimen after the movement cycle
thermocouple pads, reference 6.6. Position the wire leads of the
test. Note, photograph, document, and report any indication of
thermocouple under the pad and make them contact the
stress, deformation or fatigue of the test specimen.
unexposed test specimen surface, parallel with the longitudinal
direction of the test specimen, for not less than 1 in. (25 mm).
12. Fire-Resistance Test Procedure
Place the hot junction of the thermocouple approximately
12.1 Test Assembly:
under the center of the pad. Firmly secure the pad against the
12.1.1 Seal the test assembly against the furnace with an
thermocouple.
insulating gasket between the test assembly and the furnace.
12.2.2 Do not place unexposed surface thermocouples
Reference 6.2 and Fig. 4. Tightly seal the open ends of the test
closer to the furnace edge than 1.5 times the thickness of the
specimen against air flow. Throughout the test, periodically
rated wall assembly or 12 in. (305 mm), whichever is greater.
check the seals at the ends of the test specimen and repair them,
12.2.3 Locate unexposed surface thermocouples on the test
as necessary, to prevent air flow.
specimen as follows:
12.1.2 Protect the test equipment and test assembly from
any condition of wind or weather that influences test results. 12.2.3.1 Place one unexposed surface thermocouple on each
Measure the ambient air temperature at the beginning of the splice of each test specimen, at the midpoint of the splice.
E2837 − 23a
12.2.3.2 Place a minimum of one unexposed surface ther- 12.7.3 Operate the furnace such that a minimum pressure of
mocouple per linear yard along the centerline of the test 0.01 in. H O (2.5 Pa) is established at the lowest point of the
specimen, but not less than two unexposed surface thermo- test specimen.
couples per test specimen excluding the splice thermocouple. 12.7.4 Read and record the differential pressures at intervals
not exceeding 1 min throughout the test. Reference 6.7.
12.2.3.3 Place a minimum of one unexposed surface ther-
12.7.5 After the initial 10 min of fire exposure, control the
mocouple on the test specimen at the junction between the
furnace pressure (at the locations specified) so that it will not
rated wall assembly.
be less than 0.01 in. H O (2.5 Pa) for the last 25 % of the fire
12.2.3.4 Place a minimum of one unexposed surface ther-
exposure time period and an aggregate time period exceeding:
mocouple within 1 in. of the junction between the test
12.7.5.1 Ten percent of the fire exposure for fire resistive
specimen and the nonrated horizontal assembly.
tests of 1 h or less duration,
12.2.4 When, in the opinion of the laboratory, potential
12.7.5.2 Seven and one-half percent of the fire exposure for
weak spots on the test specimen are identified attach additional
fire resistive tests longer than 1 h but not longer than 2 h, and
unexposed surface thermocouples to these locations. An ex-
12.7.5.3 Five percent of the fire exposure for fire resistive
ample of a weak spot is any irregularity, such as a crack or tear
tests exceeding 2 h in duration.
that has occurred to the test specimen during the movement
12.8 Make and record observations of the exposed and
cycle test or the installation process.
unexposed surfaces of the test assembly throughout the test. At
12.2.5 Do not locate thermocouples over fasteners (such as
a maximum of 15 min time intervals, record observations, such
screws, nails or staples) that will be obviously higher or lower
as deformation, spalling, cracking, burning, and production of
in temperature than at a more representative location if the
smoke. Measure and record downward or lateral deflection.
aggregate area of the fasteners on the unexposed surface is less
than 1 % of the area within any 6 in. (152 mm) diameter circle,
12.9 When a crack or hole is observed on the unexposed
unless the fasteners extend through the test specimen.
side of the test specimen during the fire test, verify the integrity
of the test specimen in accordance with Section 13. Note and
12.3 Simultaneously start the furnace, measuring devices
record the location, time, and results of each cotton pad
and data acquisition equipment.
application.
12.4 Maintain the fire environment within the furnace in
12.10 Continue the test until failure occurs or until the test
accordance with the standard time-temperature curve shown in
specimen has satisfied all the applicable requirements in 15.2
Test Method E119 or the rapid temperature rise curve shown in
for the desired fire resistance rating.
Test Method E1529.
12.11 For the purpose of obtaining additional performance
12.5 Furnace Control:
data, if desired, continue the test beyond the time that the fire
12.5.1 Test Method E119 Time-Temperature Curve—Control
resistance rating is determined.
the furnace such that the area under the time-temperature
13. Integrity Test Procedure
curve, obtained by averaging the results from the furnace
thermocouple readings, is within 10 % of the corresponding
13.1 Evaluate the integrity of the test specimen during the
area under the standard time-temperature curve for fire resis-
fire resistive test for passage of flame and hot gasses using a
tive tests of 1 h or less duration, within 7.5 % for those over 1 h
cotton pad in a wire frame provided with a handle. Reference
and not more than 2 h, and within 5 % for tests exceeding 2 h
6.9.
in duration.
13.2 Apply the cotton pad as specified in Test Method E119.
12.5.2 Test Method E1529 Time-Temperature Curve—
Control the furnace such that the area under the time- 14. Hose Stream Test Procedure
temperature curve of the average of the gas temperature
14.1 Requirements:
measurements is within 10 % of the corresponding curve
14.1.1 Within 10 min after the end of the fire resistive test,
developed in the furnace calibration for tests of ⁄2 h or less
subject test specimens to the impact, erosion, and cooling
duration, within 7.5 % of those over ⁄2 h and not more than 1 h,
effects of a hose stream.
and within 5 % for tests exceeding 1 h.
14.1.2 Conduct the hose stream test on a duplicate test
assembly which has been conditioned, subjected to the move-
12.6 Measure and record unexposed and furnace tempera-
ment cycle test, and subjected to a fire resistive test equal to
ture readings at intervals not exceeding 1 min throughout the
one-half of the test specimen exposure but not more than
fire test.
60 min.
12.7 Furnace Pressure:
14.1.3 As an option and in lieu of the duplicate test
12.7.1 Calculate the differential pressure between the ex-
assembly in 14.1.2, conduct the hose stream test on the original
posed and unexposed surfaces of the test assembly based on
test assembly after it has completed its full fire resistive test.
measurements taken at the specified locations and elevations,
14.1.4 Application:
and based on the linear pressure gradient of the furnace.
14.1.5 Use water pressure required in Practice E2226 for the
12.7.2 Determine the linear pressure gradient of the furnace hourly fire rating achieved.
by the difference in measured pressure of at least two pressure 14.1.6 Locate the nozzle orifice as required in Practice
sensors separated by a vertical distance in the furnace. E2226.
E2837 − 23a
14.1.7 Apply the hose stream in accordance with Practice decreased by the following correction to compensate for
E2226. significant variation of the measured furnace temperature from
14.1.8 Maintain the hose stream on the test assembly for the the standard time-temperature curve provided that the condi-
duration of application in accordance with Practice E2226. tions of 12.6 are met. The correction is expressed by the
14.1.9 The rectangular area of the rated wall assembly in following formula:
which the continuity head-of-wall joint system is mounted is to
C 5 2I A 2 A /3 A 1L (1)
~ ! ~ !
S S
be considered as the exposed area, as the hose stream must
where:
traverse this calculated area during application of the hose
C = correction to the indicated fire resistance period in the
stream.
same units as I,
I = indicated fire resistance period in min,
15. Conditions of Compliance
A = area under the actual time-temperature curve for the
15.1 Integrity Test:
first three fourths of the indicated fire resistance period
15.1.1 No occurrence of flaming on the underside of the
in °F · min (°C · min),
nonrated horizontal assembly on the unexposed side.
A = the area under the standard time-temperature curve for
S
15.1.2 No occurrence of flaming on or through the test
the first three fourths for the same part of the indicated
specimen on the unexposed side.
fire resistance period in °F · min (°C · min), and
L = lag correction in the same units as A and A , 3240 °F ·
s
NOTE 7—The conditions in 15.1.1 and 15.1.2 typically occur when the
min (1800 °C · min), when furnace thermocouples
nonrated horizontal assembly has failed or is about to fail.
specified in 6.3.1 are used.
15.1.3 No occurrence of ignition of the cotton pad when
applied in accordance with Section 13.
16. Report
15.2 Movement Cycle Test—When a movement cycle test is
16.1 General Information—Include:
conducted, the test specimen shall have completed at least the
16.1.1 All information recorded or documented, or both,
minimum number of movement cycles using at least the
during the tests, and
minimum cyclic rate for the movement type selected.
16.1.2 The test date and a project number.
15.3 Hose Stream Test:
16.1.3 As a minimum, the following about the laboratory or
15.3.1 During the hose stream test, the test specimen shall
test facility:
not develop any opening that allows a projection of water from
16.1.3.1 Name and location, and
the stream beyond its unexposed side.
16.1.3.2 A description of the furnace used and, if any, the
15.4 F Rating:
test frame.
15.4.1 A test specimen shall have met the requirements for
16.2 Test Assembly and Test Specimen Information—
the F-Rating when it remains in the joint opening during the
Include a unique designation for each continuity head-of-wall
fire resistance test, the hose stream test, and the following
joint system tested. When more than one continuity head-of-
conditions are met.
wall joint system is tested, supply separate information for each
15.4.1.1 The test specimen shall have withstood the fire
of the following:
resistance test for the rating period equal to the rated wall
16.2.1 Drawings of the rated wall assembly and the non-
assembly by preventing flaming on the unexposed side of the
rated horizontal assembly detailing dimensions, materials and
test specimen and on the underside of the nonrated horizontal
composition.
assembly on the unexposed side.
16.2.2 The curing time, if any, for any components of each
15.5 T Rating:
test specimen.
15.5.1 A test specimen shall have met the requirements for
16.2.3 The moisture content and the distribution of moisture
the T rating when it remains in the joint opening during the fire
within the test assembly.
resistance test and hose stream test and the following condi-
16.2.4 The shape and dimensions of recesses created in the
tions are met.
rated wall assembly to secure any part of the test specimen.
15.5.1.1 The transmission of heat through the test specimen
16.2.5 All installation procedures provided by the test
during the rating period shall not have been such as to raise the
sponsor, details of the equipment used and photographs of the
temperature of any thermocouple on the unexposed surface
installation procedure.
more than 325 °F (181 °C) above its initial temperature.
16.2.6 The method used to splice the test specimen, includ-
15.5.1.2 The Conditions of Compliance of the F-Rating are
ing the tests sponsor’s instructions and photographic documen-
met.
tation of the installation.
15.5.1.3 For a maximum joint width greater than 4 in.
(102 mm), the average temperature rise of the thermocouples 16.2.7 A description of each test specimen that is tested.
Include the test sponsor’s installation or fabrication instruc-
on the unexposed face of the test specimen and its rated wall
assembly is not more than 250 °F (139 °C) above the initial tions or both, and photographic documentation of the installa-
tion.
temperature.
15.6 When Test Method E119 is used and the indicated fire 16.3 Movement Cycling Test—When movement cycling is
resistance rating is 60 min or more, it shall be increased or conducted, include the following information:
E2837 − 23a
16.3.1 The nominal joint width of the joint, gap, recess or 16.5 Hose Stream Test—Report the performance of each test
separation, specimen after being subjected to the hose stream test. Clearly
16.3.2 The maximum joint width of the joint, gap, recess or state whether each test specimen passed or failed.
separation,
17. Precision and Bias
16.3.3 The minimum joint width of the joint, gap, recess or
separation,
17.1 Movement Cycle Test—No information is presented
16.3.4 The movement type selected from Table 1,
about either the precision or bias of this test method for
16.3.5 The minimum number of cycles completed,
measuring the response of a test specimen to a standard
16.3.6 The cyclic rate (cpm) used,
movement cycle test under controlled laboratory conditions
16.3.7 Whether or not the information in 16.3.5 and 16.3.6
because no material having an acceptable reference value has
satisfies the requirements of 16.3.4,
been determined.
16.3.8 Clearly state the F-Rating and T-rating of each test
17.2 Fire Resistance Test—Precision and bias of this test
specimen, and
method for measuring the response of test specimens to heat
16.3.9 Photographs of each test specimen tested during and
and flame under controlled laboratory conditions are essen-
after the movement cycle test.
tially as specified in Test Method E119 or E1529.
16.4 Fire-Resistance Test—For each test specimen tested,
17.3 Integrity Test—No information is presented about ei-
include the following:
ther the precision and bias of this test method for measuring the
16.4.1 Length and maximum joint width of the joint, gap,
response of test specimens to the integrity test under controlled
recess or separation used in the fire resistive test,
laboratory conditions since the test is non-quantitative.
16.4.2 The time at which the acceptance criteria for the
17.4 Hose Stream Test—No information is presented about
F-rating and T-rating were exceeded, expressed in elapsed
either the prec
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2837 − 23 E2837 − 23a An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Fire Resistance of Continuity Head-of-Wall
Joint Systems Installed Between Rated Wall Assemblies and
Nonrated Horizontal Assemblies
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2837; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Wall continuity is required by various model codes at joint openings, which are linear voids, gaps,
openings, or other discontinuities between or bounded by a rated wall assembly and nonrated
horizontal assemblies, to ensure that the protected joint opening has the same fire resistance rating as
the rated wall assembly. The joint opening at the termination at the top of the rated wall assembly
below the nonrated horizontal assembly must be protected by a continuity head-of-wall joint system,
which has a fire resistance rating, in order to maintain continuity established by the rated wall
assembly. This test method is not required when the rated wall assembly contacts nonrated horizontal
assemblies when there is no joint opening. Normally such joint openings are denoted as “linear”
because the length is normally greater than their width, which is defined by a typical ratio of at least
10:1 as in practice. Joint openings are present in buildings as a result of: (1) Design to accommodate
various movements induced by thermal differentials, seismicity, and wind loads and exists as a
clearance separation. (2) Acceptable dimensional tolerances between two or more building elements,
for example, between non-loadbearing walls and roofs. (3) Inadequate design, inaccurate assembly,
repairs or damage to the building. There are many unique applications for joint systems in buildings.
To address this issue there are different types of continuity head-of-wall joint systems. It is not possible
to test all fire-resistive joints systems using the same test apparatus or method of test, for example, Test
Method E2307 employs the ISMA test apparatus. A continuity head-of-wall joint system is a particular
type of fire-resistive joint system that provides fire resistance to prevent passage of fire from
compartment to compartment within the building at the joint opening between a rated wall assembly
and a nonrated horizontal assembly. A continuity head-of-wall joint system is a unique building
construction detail not addressed by other fire test methods such as Test Method E1966 that tests joint
systems installed between two assemblies that are fire resistance rated.
1. Scope
1.1 This fire-test-response test method measures the performance of a unique fire resistive joint system called a continuity
head-of-wall joint system, which is designed to be used between a rated wall assembly and a nonrated horizontal assembly during
a fire resistance test.
1.2 This fire-test-response standard does not measure the performance of the following:rated wall assembly or the nonrated
horizontal assembly.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.11 on Fire Resistance.
Current edition approved July 1, 2023Dec. 1, 2023. Published August 2023December 2023. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 20172023 as
E2837 – 13 (2017).E2837 – 23. DOI: 10.1520/E2837-23.10.1520/E2837-23A.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2837 − 23a
1.2.1 The rated wall assembly, which is already established by other test methods, such as Test Method E119, or
1.2.2 The nonrated horizontal assembly, which would be established by other test methods such as Test Method E119.
NOTE 1—Typically, rated wall assemblies obtain a fire resistance rating after being tested to Test Method E119, NFPA 251, UL 263, CAN/ULC-S101,
or other similar fire resistiveresistance test methods.
1.3 This fire-test-response standard is not intended to evaluate the connections between rated wall assemblies and nonrated
horizontal assemblies unless part of the continuity head-of-wall joint system.
1.4 The fire resistive test end point is the period of time elapsing before the first performance criteria is reached when the
continuity head-of-wall joint system is subjected to one of two time-temperature fire exposures.
1.5 The fire exposure conditions used are either those specified by Test Method E119 for testing assemblies to standard
time-temperature exposures or Test Method E1529 for testing assemblies to rapid-temperature rise fires.
1.6 This test method specifies the heating conditions, methods of test, and criteria to establish a fire resistance rating only for a
continuity head-of-wall joint system.
1.7 Test results establish the performance of continuity head-of-wall joint systems to maintain continuity of fire resistance of the
rated wall assembly where the continuity head-of-wall joint system interfaces with a nonrated horizontal assembly during the
fire-exposure period.
1.8 Test results shall not be construed as having determined the continuity head-of-wall joint system,nonrated horizontal assembly
and the rated wall assembly’s suitability for use after that fire exposure.
1.9 This test method does not provide quantitative information about the continuity head-of-wall joint system relative to the rate
of leakage of smoke or gases or both. However, it requires that such phenomena be documented and reported when describing the
general behavior of continuity head-of-wall joint systems during the fire resistive test but is not part of the conditions of
compliance.
1.10 Potentially important factors and fire characteristics not addressed by this test method include, but are not limited to:
1.10.1 The performance of the continuity head-of-wall joint system constructed with components other than those tested.
1.10.2 The cyclic movement capabilities of continuity head-of-wall joint systems other than the cycling conditions tested.
1.11 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.12 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.13 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.14 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.15 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these
tests.
E2837 − 23a
1.16 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
E119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
E814 Test Method for Fire Tests of Penetration Firestop Systems
E1399 Test Method for Cyclic Movement and Measuring the Minimum and Maximum Joint Widths of Architectural Joint
Systems
E1529 Test Methods for Determining Effects of Large Hydrocarbon Pool Fires on Structural Members and Assemblies
E1966 Test Method for Fire-Resistive Joint Systems
E2226 Practice for Application of Hose Stream
E2307 Test Method for Determining Fire Resistance of Perimeter Fire Barriers Using Intermediate-Scale, Multi-story Test
Apparatus
2.2 NFPA Standard:
NFPA 251 Standard Methods of Tests of Fire Endurance of Building Construction and Materials
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 834 Fire resistance tests – Elements of building construction
ISO 10295-1 Fire tests for building elements and components – Fire testing of service installations – Part 1: Penetration seals
ISO 10295-2 Fire tests for building elements and components – Fire testing of service installations – Part 2: Linear joint (gap)
seals
2.3 Underwriters Laboratories Standards:
UL 263 Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials
UL 2079 Standard for Tests for fire Resistance of Building Joint Systems
UL 1479 Standard for Fire Tests of Through-Penetration Firestops
CAN/ULC-S101 Standard Methods of Fire Endurance Tests of Building Construction and Materials
CAN/ULC-S115 Standard Method of Fire Tests of Firestop Systems
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method and associated with fire issues, refer to the definitions contained in
Terminology E176.
3.2 For definitions of term used in this test method and associated with building issues, refer to the definitions contained in
Terminology E631.
3.3 When there is a conflict between Terminology E176 and Terminology E631 definitions, Terminology E176 definitions shall
apply.
3.4 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.4.1 continuity, n—maintaining the fire resistance rating of the rated wall assembly and the protected joint opening to the
underside of the nonrated horizontal assembly by use of a continuity head-of-wall joint system, which achieves the same or greater
fire resistance rating as the rated wall assembly.
3.4.1.1 Discussion—
This maintenance is achieved using materials or devices, or both, installed to extend and continue the fire resistance rating of the
wall assembly to the underside of the nonrated horizontal assembly above.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas, WA 98607-8542, http://www.ul.com.
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3.4.2 continuity head-of-wall joint system, n—materials or devices, or both, installed to resist the spread of fire for a prescribed
period of time through the joint opening between a fire-resistance rated wall assembly below and nonrated horizontal assembly
above.
3.4.3 joint opening, n—the space between a rated wall assembly and the nonrated horizontal assembly above, which is either a
void space or gap, or which is filled either partially or completely by a material, other than the wall material.
3.4.4 maximum joint width, n—the greatest width, size, or distance to which the continuity head-of-wall joint system is specified
to open.
3.4.4.1 Discussion—
The maximum joint width equals the nominal joint width plus the extension of the continuity head-of-wall joint system from the
nominal joint width position.
3.4.5 minimum joint width, n—the narrowest width, size, or distance to which the continuity head-of-wall joint system is specified
to close.
3.4.5.1 Discussion—
The minimum joint width equals the nominal joint width minus the compression of the continuity head-of-wall joint system from
the nominal joint width position.
3.4.6 movement cycle, n—the change between the minimum joint width and the maximum joint width of a continuity head-of-wall
joint system.
3.4.7 nominal joint width, n—the specified opening width, size, or distance of a joint opening that is selected for test purposes.
3.4.7.1 Discussion—
The nominal joint width is typically the joint width that exists in the building at the time the continuity head-of-wall joint system
is installed.
3.4.8 nonrated horizontal assembly, n—a ceiling, floor, or roof assembly that is not fire resistance rated such as determined in
accordance with Test Methods has not been assigned a fire resistance rating.E119 or E1529.
3.4.9 rated wall assembly, n—an interior wall or partition having a period of fire resistance determined in accordance with Test
Methodsa fire E119 orresistance test E1529.method.
3.4.10 splice, n—the connection or junction within the length of a test specimen.
3.4.11 test assembly, n—the complete assembly of the test specimen together with its rated wall assembly and nonrated horizontal
assembly.
3.4.12 test specimen, n—a fire-resistive wall continuity head-of-wall joint system of a specific material(s), design, and width.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method describes the following test sequence and procedure:
4.1.1 The test specimen, the rated wall assembly and nonrated horizontal assembly shall be conditioned before movement cycle
testing and fire resistive testing.
NOTE 2—The movement cycle testing is based on Test Method E1399. This test is not designed to address all types of movement. It does however provide
some indication of the ability of the test specimen to accommodate some movement without incurring damage.
4.1.2 When the test specimen requires movement capability, which is defined as when the maximum joint width does not equal
the minimum joint width, the test specimen shall be subjected to the movement cycle test before being fire resistive tested.
4.1.3 When desired, apply a superimposed load to the test assembly.
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TABLE 1 Conditions of Test Specimen Cycling
Minimum Minimum Number
Movement Type Cycling Rates of
(cpm) Movement Cycles
Type I — Thermal 1 500
Type II — Wind Sway 10 500
Type III — Seismic 30 100
Type IV — Combined 30 100
Movement 10 400
followed by:
4.1.4 During the fire test, the integrity of the test specimen is determined by use of a cotton pad.
4.1.5 After the fire test, subject the test assembly to a hose stream test.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method evaluates the following under the specified test conditions:
5.1.1 The ability of a test specimen to undergo movement without reducing its fire resistance rating, and
5.1.2 The duration for which a test specimen will contain a fire and retain its integrity during a predetermined fire resistive test
exposure.
5.2 This test method provides for the following measurements and evaluations where applicable:
5.2.1 Ability of the test specimen to movement cycle.
5.2.2 Ability of the test specimen to prohibit the passage of flames and hot gases.
5.2.3 Transmission of heat through the test specimen.
5.2.4 Ability of the test specimen to resist the passage of water during a hose stream test.
5.3 This test method does not provide the following:
5.3.1 Any information about the rated wall assembly because its performance has already been determined.
5.3.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the test specimen contributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxic gases, or
other products of combustion.
5.3.3 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the test
specimen.
5.3.4 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the test specimen.
NOTE 3—The information in 5.3.1 – 5.3.4 may be determined by other suitable fire resistive test methods. For example, 5.3.4 may be determined by Test
Method E84.
5.4 In this procedure, the test specimens are subjected to one or more specific tests under laboratory conditions. When different
test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by, or from, this test method to
predict changes to the characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the exposure conditions described in this
test method.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Cycling Apparatus—Equipment (or device) capable of being used to induce movement of a test specimen and meeting the
required cyclic rate and number of cycles selected from Table 1.
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FIG. 1 Example of Vertical Furnace and Test Frame
1 = Vertical Furnace
2 = Exhaust Flue
3 = View Ports
4 = Gas Burners
5 = Thermocouple Tubes
6 = Test Frame
7 = Test Assembly Location
8 = Loading Jacks (when required)
NOTE 4—Terms used for movement are indicative of the cyclic rate in expansion and contraction of the test specimen and not of the magnitude or direction
of movement.
6.2 Furnace—An enclosed heating system or device capable of controlling a fire to the time-temperature curve in Test Methods
E119 or E1529. An example of a vertical furnace with a test frame is shown in Fig. 1.
6.3 Furnace Thermocouples:
6.3.1 When testing to the time-temperature curve in Test Method E119, use thermocouples in accordance with Test Method E119.
6.4 When testing to the time-temperature curve in Test Method E1529, use furnace thermocouples in accordance with Test Method
E1529.
6.5 Pressure-sensing Probes—Use tolerances are 60.5 % of dimensions shown in Fig. 2 or Fig. 3.
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FIG. 2 “T” Shaped Pressure Sensing Probe
FIG. 3 Tube Type Pressure Sensing Probe
6.5.1 The pressure-sensing probes shall be either:
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6.5.1.1 A T-shaped sensor as shown in Fig. 2, or
6.5.1.2 A tube sensor as shown in Fig. 3.
6.6 Unexposed Surface Thermocouples:
6.6.1 The wires for the unexposed thermocouple in the length covered by the thermocouple pad are not to be heavier than No.
18 AWG (0.82 mm ) and are to be electrically insulated with heat-resistant and moisture-resistant coatings.
6.7 Thermocouple Pads:
6.7.1 The thermocouple pads used to cover each unexposed surface thermocouple on the unexposed side of the test specimen or
test assembly shall be made of materials that meet the requirements specified in Test Method E119.
6.7.1.1 For test specimens having a maximum joint width of less than 6 in. (152 mm) the length and width of the square pad shall
measure 2 in. 6 0.04 in. (50 mm 6 1 mm).
6.7.1.2 For test specimens having a maximum joint width equal to or greater than 6 in. (152 mm) the length and width of the square
pad shall measure 6 in. 6 0.12 in. (152 mm 6 3 mm).
6.7.1.3 When the maximum joint width of the test specimen is less than the specified pad size, reduce the width of the pad to match
the maximum joint width, subject to a minimum dimension of ⁄4 in. (18 mm). The pad length shall be as specified and parallel
to the test specimen length. If the modified thermocouple pad cannot be placed on the contour of the surface, then no thermocouple
is required at that location.
6.7.1.4 When necessary, deform the thermocouple pad to follow the non-planar surface profile of the test specimen.
6.8 Differential Pressure Measurement Instruments:
6.8.1 The differential pressure measurement instrument shall be:
6.8.1.1 A manometer or equivalent transducer.
6.8.1.2 Capable of reading in graduated increments of no greater than 0.01 in. H O (2.5 Pa) with a precision of not less than
60.005 in. H O (61.25 Pa).
6.8.1.3 Dimensions in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are stated in inches for inch-pound units and the SI units in parentheses are stated in
millimeters.
6.9 Cotton Pads—The cotton pads used to detect hot gases on the unexposed side of the test specimen or test assembly shall be
made of materials that meet the requirements specified in Test Method E119.
6.10 Loading System—When desired, use equipment, or a device, capable of inducing a desired load upon the test specimen.
6.11 Hose Stream Delivery System—Use the equipment referenced in Practice E2226.
7. Test Assembly
7.1 The test assembly shall be representative of the construction with respect to materials, workmanship, and details.
7.2 Continuity Head-of-Wall Joint System:
7.2.1 Where the maximum joint width is not greater than 4 in. (102 mm) make the test specimen at least 4 ft (1219 mm) in length.
Supporting data is available from ASTM International Headquarters. Request RR:E05:1001.
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7.2.2 For a maximum joint width greater than 4 in. (102 mm), (102 mm), make the test specimen a minimum length equal to ten
times the maximum joint width or the distance between structural supports passing through the rated wall assembly, whichever is
greater, but not exceeding 12 ft (3.65 m).
7.2.3 Install the test specimen at the nominal joint width according to the manufacturer’s specified procedure for conditions
representative of those found in building construction.
7.2.4 Test each test specimen with manufactured and field splices. When the technique of the manufactured splice is the same as
the field splice, test only one splice. The minimum distance between a splice and the nearest side wall of the test frame shall be
1.5 times the thickness of the rated wall assembly or 12 in. (305 mm), whichever is greater. The minimum separation between
splices within a test specimen shall be 36 in. (914 mm).
7.2.5 Test all test specimens at their maximum joint width.
7.2.6 Test asymmetrical test specimens from both sides unless it is documented that the side with the lower fire resistance rating
is being tested.
NOTE 5—The verb “document” in 7.2.6 is as defined by Merriam-Webster as follows “to provide with factual or substantial support for statements made
or a hypothesis proposed; especially: to equip with exact references to authoritative supporting information.”
7.3 Test Assembly:
7.3.1 The test assembly shall be installed in a test frame. Refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 4.
7.3.2 The rated wall assembly shall have a known fire resistance rating in accordance with Test Methods E119 or E1529.
7.3.3 The minimum length of the rated wall assembly to be tested shall be as required by 7.2.
7.3.4 The minimum height of the rated wall assembly shall be 4 ft (1.2 m).
7.3.5 The nonrated horizontal assembly shall have the same approximate width as the rated wall assembly.
7.3.6 The nonrated horizontal assembly shall extend a minimum of 12 in. (305 mm) beyond each face of the rated wall assembly.
7.3.7 Two standard methods A and B are described. These methods are not intended to restrict testing other field conditions or
constructions. These methods are not intended to prohibit the use of sound engineering practices to determine, document, and test
the method or condition with the lower fire resistance rating (worse case test scenario) and apply the lower fire resistance rating
to other field conditions or constructions deemed more fire resistive than the tested method.
7.3.8 Method A—Is intended for use when the corrugation of steel decking or the orientation of the grain or fibers of materials,
for example, wood, gypsum board, etcetera, run perpendicular 65° to the rated wall assembly.
7.3.8.1 The nonrated horizontal assembly shall be supported by 2-sided rigid support rails oriented perpendicular to the rated wall
assembly using a nominal 4 in. (102 mm) horizontal leg, as shown in Fig. 5. There shall be no attachment between the support
rails and the nonrated horizontal assembly during the fire test. The width of the nonrated horizontal assembly shall be 1 in. (25
mm) less than the length of the rated wall assembly and shall be centered and free floating between the two sided rigid support
rails.
7.3.8.2 Before the application of the hose stream test, the nonrated horizontal assembly shall be secured in place to the two-sided
rigid support rails to resist the hose stream.
7.3.9 Method B—Is intended for use when the corrugation of steel decking or the orientation of the grain or fibers of materials,
for example, wood, gypsum board, etcetera, run parallel 6 5° 65° to the rated wall assembly.
7.3.9.1 The nonrated horizontal assembly shall be supported by a 4-sided rigid support frame using a nominal 4 in. (102 mm)
horizontal leg, as shown in Fig. 6. There shall be mechanical attachment between the support frame and the nonrated horizontal
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FIG. 4 Example of Vertical Test Frame and Test Assembly
1 = Test Frame
2 = Rated Wall Assembly
3 = Nonrated Horizontal Assembly in Two-Sided Rigid Support Rails or 4-Sided Rigid Support Frame
4 = Joint Opening
5 = Loading Jacks (when required)
6 = Test Frame Mounting Area
7 = Two-Sided Rigid Support Rails or 4-Sided Rigid Support Frame Typically Attached to Test Frame
8 = Laboratory Installed Insulating Gasket as Needed
assembly. The length and width of the nonrated horizontal assembly shall be equal to the length and width within a tolerance of
+0, - ⁄16 in. (+0, -1.6 mm) of the dimensions of the 4-sided rigid support frame and secured to it on all four sides.
7.3.9.2 Before the application of the hose stream test, the nonrated horizontal assembly shall be secured in place to the rigid
support rails to resist the hose stream.
NOTE 6—Method A—The nonrated horizontal assembly positioned in the two-sided rigid support rails is intended to accommodate expansion of the
nonrated horizontal assembly during testing without hindrance and allow deflection (concave deformation) of the nonrated horizontal assembly towards
the test specimen.Method B—The nonrated horizontal assembly positioned in the 4-sided rigid support frame limits expansion of the nonrated horizontal
assembly during testing and allows deflection (convex camber) of the nonrated horizontal assembly away from the test specimen. In both Methods A and
B, the two-sided rigid support rails and the 4-sided rigid support frame are not mechanically connected to the rated wall assembly. Rather, the two-sided
rigid support rails and the 4-sided rigid support frame are typically attached to the test frame, which is intended to allow independent movement of the
nonrated horizontal assembly and the rated wall assembly.
8. Preparation of Apparatus
8.1 Furnace Thermocouples:
8.1.1 Test Method E119—Make the exposed length of the pyrometer tube and thermocouple in the furnace chamber not less than
12 in. (305 mm).
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FIG. 5 Example of Method A Configuration (Isometric and Front Views)
1 = Nonrated Horizontal Assembly
2 = Rated Wall Assembly
3 = Two-Sided Rigid Support Rails
4 = Joint Opening
8.1.2 Test Method E1529—Mount a minimum length of 20 diameters of the sheathed junction end of the thermocouple parallel
to the surface of the test specimen.
8.2 Furnace Thermocouple Locations:
8.2.1 Uniformly distribute the furnace thermocouples employed to measure the temperature of the furnace to give the average
temperature in the vicinity of the test specimen. Reference 6.3.
8.2.2 Position the furnace thermocouples before the start of the fire resistive test. If a furnace thermocouple will come in contact
with or will touch the test assembly during the test, reposition that furnace thermocouple to avoid any contact with the test
assembly.
8.2.3 Place the junction of each furnace thermocouple 6 in. 6 1 in. (152 mm 6 25 mm) from the exposed surface of the rated wall
assembly.
2 2
8.2.4 Place not less than three furnace thermocouples for a rated wall assembly measuring 16 ft (1.5 m ) and less. Place not less
2 2
than five furnace thermocouples for a rated wall assembly larger than 16 ft (1.5 m ).
8.3 Furnace Pressure:
8.3.1 Make the minimum vertical distance between pressure sensors one-half the height of the furnace chamber. Locate the
pressure sensors where they will not be subjected to direct impingement of convection currents. Make tubing connected to each
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FIG. 6 Example of Method B Configuration (Isometric and Front Views)
1 = Nonrated Horizontal Assembly
2 = Rated Wall Assembly
3 = 4-Sided Rigid Support Frame
4 = Joint Opening
pressure sensor horizontal both in the furnace and at its egress through the furnace wall such that the pressure is relative to the
same elevation from the inside to the outside of the furnace.
9. Calibration and Standardization
9.1 When testing to the time-temperature curve in Test Method E119, a calibration procedure is not required.
9.2 When testing to the time-temperature curve in Test Method E1529, follow the calibration procedure in Test Method E1529.
10. Conditioning
10.1 When testing to the time-temperature curve in E119, condition the test assembly in accordance with Test Method E119.
10.2 When testing to the time-temperature curve in Test Method E1529, condition the test assembly in accordance with Test
Method E1529.
11. Movement Cycle Test Procedure
11.1 When the test specimen requires movement capability, it shall be movement cycled before being fire resistance tested.
11.2 Prior to the fire exposure, subject test specimens that meet the criteria of 11.1 to a movement cycle test. Use appropriate
cycling apparatus. Reference 6.1.
11.3 The test sponsor selects the movement type desired for the movement cycle test from Table 1.
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11.4 Install each test specimen at its nominal gap, recess or separation dimension. Cycle each test specimen in accordance with
the cyclic rate and number of movement cycles for the movement type selected from Table 1.
11.5 Do not allow alterations or modifications which will enhance the thermal performance of the test specimen during or after
the movement cycle test.
11.6 Examine the test specimen after the movement cycle test. Note, photograph, document, and report any indication of stress,
deformation or fatigue of the test specimen.
12. Fire-Resistance Test Procedure
12.1 Test Assembly:
12.1.1 Seal the test assembly against the furnace with an insulating gasket between the test assembly and the furnace. Reference
6.2 and Fig. 4. Tightly seal the open ends of the test specimen against air flow. Throughout the test, periodically check the seals
at the ends of the test specimen and repair them, as necessary, to prevent air flow.
12.1.2 Protect the test equipment and test assembly from any condition of wind or weather that influences test results. Measure
the ambient air temperature at the beginning of the test; it is not to be less than 50 °F (10 °C). Measure the velocity of air moving
horizontally across the unexposed surface of the test assembly immediately before the test begins; it is not to exceed 4.4 ft/s (1.3
m/s) as determined by an anemometer placed at right angles to the unexposed surface. When mechanical ventilation is employed
during the test, do not direct an air stream across the surface of the test assembly.
12.2 Unexposed Surface Temperatures:
12.2.1 Provide unexposed surface thermocouples, reference 6.5, in conformance with the type required by the selected
time-temperature curve. Measure the temperatures of the unexposed surface (surface of test specimen opposite the exposure to
furnace fire) with thermocouples placed under thermocouple pads, reference 6.6. Position the wire leads of the thermocouple under
the pad and make them contact the unexposed test specimen surface, parallel with the longitudinal direction of the test specimen,
for not less than 1 in. (25 mm). Place the hot junction of the thermocouple approximately under the center of the pad. Firmly secure
the pad against the thermocouple.
12.2.2 Do not place unexposed surface thermocouples closer to the furnace edge than 1.5 times the thickness of the rated wall
assembly or 12 in. (305 mm), whichever is greater.
12.2.3 Locate unexposed surface thermocouples on the test specimen as follows:
12.2.3.1 Place one unexposed surface thermocouple on each splice of each test specimen, at the midpoint of the splice.
12.2.3.2 Place a minimum of one unexposed surface thermocouple per linear yard along the centerline of the test specimen, but
not less than two unexposed surface thermocouples per test specimen excluding the splice thermocouple.
12.2.3.3 Place a minimum of one unexposed surface thermocouple on the test specimen at the junction between the rated wall
assembly.
12.2.3.4 Place a minimum of one unexposed surface thermocouple within 1 in. of the junction between the test specimen and the
nonrated horizontal assembly.
12.2.4 When, in the opinion of the laboratory, potential weak spots on the test specimen are identified attach additional unexposed
surface thermocouples to these locations. An example of a weak spot is any irregularity, such as a crack or tear that has occurred
to the test specimen during the movement cycle test or the installation process.
12.2.5 Do not locate thermocouples over fasteners (such as screws, nails or staples) that will be obviously higher or lower in
temperature than at a more representative location if the aggregate area of the fasteners on the unexposed surface is less than 1
% of the area within any 6 in. (152 mm) diameter circle, unless the fasteners extend through the test specimen.
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12.3 Simultaneously start the furnace, measuring devices and data acquisition equipment.
12.4 Maintain the fire environment within the furnace in accordance with the standard time-temperature curve shown in Test
Method E119 or the rapid temperature rise curve shown in Test Method E1529.
12.5 Furnace Control:
12.5.1 Test Method E119 Time-Temperature Curve—Control the furnace such that the area under the time-temperature curve,
obtained by averaging the results from the furnace thermocouple readings, is within 10 % of the corresponding area under the
standard time-temperature curve for fire resistive tests of 1 h or less duration, within 7.5 % for those over 1 h and not more than
2 h, and within 5 % for tests exceeding 2 h in duration.
12.5.2 Test Method E1529 Time-Temperature Curve—Control the furnace such that the area under the time-temperature curve of
the average of the gas temperature measurements is within 10 % of the corresponding curve developed in the furnace calibration
1 1
for tests of ⁄2 h or less duration, within 7.5 % of those over ⁄2 h and not more than 1 h, and within 5 % for tests exceeding 1 h.
12.6 Measure and record unexposed and furnace temperature readings at intervals not exceeding 1 min throughout the fire test.
12.7 Furnace Pressure:
12.7.1 Calculate the differential pressure between the exposed and unexposed surfaces of the test assembly based on measurements
taken at the specified locations and elevations, and based on the linear pressure gradient of the furnace.
12.7.2 Determine the linear pressure gradient of the furnace by the difference in measured pressure of at least two pressure sensors
separated by a vertical distance in the furnace.
12.7.3 Operate the furnace such that a minimum pressure of 0.01 in. H O (2.5 Pa) is established at the lowest point of the test
specimen.
12.7.4 Read and record the differential pressures at intervals not exceeding 1 min throughout the test. Reference 6.7.
12.7.5 After the initial 10 min of fire exposure, control the furnace pressure (at the locations specified) so that it will not be less
than 0.01 in. H O (2.5 Pa) for the last 25 % of the fire exposure time period and an aggregate time period exceeding:
12.7.5.1 Ten percent of the fire exposure for fire resistive tests of 1 h or less duration,
12.7.5.2 Seven and one-half percent of the fire exposure for fire resistive tests longer than 1 h but not longer than 2 h, and
12.7.5.3 Five percent of the fire exposure for fire resistive tests exceeding 2 h in duration.
12.8 Make and record observations of the exposed and unexposed surfaces of the test assembly throughout the test. At a maximum
of 15 min time intervals, record observations, such as deformation, spalling, cracking, burning, and production of smoke. Measure
and record downward or lateral deflection.
12.9 When a crack or hole is observed on the unexposed side of the test specimen during the fire test, verify the integrity of the
test specimen in accordance with Section 13. Note and record the location, time, and results of each cotton pad application.
12.10 Continue the test until failure occurs or until the test specimen has satisfied all the applicable requirements in 15.2 for the
desired fire resistance rating.
12.11 For the purpose of obtaining additional performance data, if desired, continue the test beyond the time that the fire resistance
rating is determined.
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13. Integrity Test Procedure
13.1 Evaluate the integrity of the test specimen during the fire resistive test for passage of flame and hot gasses using a cotton pad
in a wire frame provided with a handle. Reference 6.9.
13.2 Apply the cotton pad as specified in Test Method E119.
14. Hose Stream Test Procedure
14.1 Requirements:
14.1.1 Within 10 min after the end of the fire resistive test, subject test specimens to the impact, erosion, and cooling effects of
a hose stream.
14.1.2 Conduct the hose stream test on a duplicate test assembly which has been conditioned, subjected to the movement cycle test,
and subjected to a fire resistive test equal to one-half of the test specimen exposure but not more than 60 min.
14.1.3 As an option and in lieu of the duplicate test assembly in 14.1.2, conduct the hose stream test on the original test assembly
after it has completed its full fire resistive test.
14.1.4 Application:
14.1.5 Use water pressure required in Practice E2226 for the hourly fire rating achieved.
14.1.6 Locate the nozzle orifice as required in Practice E2226.
14.1.7 Apply the hose stream in accordance with Practice E2226.
14.1.8 Maintain the hose stream on the test assembly for the duration of application in accordance with Practice E2226.
14.1.9 The rectangular area of the rated wall assembly in which the continuity head-of-wall joint system is mounted is to be
considered as the exposed area, as the hose stream must traverse this calculated area during application of the hose stream.
15. Conditions of Compliance
15.1 Integrity Test:
15.1.1 No occurrence of flaming on the underside of the nonrated horizontal assembly on the unexposed side.
15.1.2 No occurrence of flaming on or through the test specimen on the unexposed side.
NOTE 7—The conditions in 15.1.1 and 15.1.2 typically occur when the nonrated horizontal assembly has failed or is about to fail.
15.1.3 No occurrence of ignition of the cotton pad when applied in accordance with Section 13.
15.2 Movement Cycle Test—When a movement cycle test is conducted, the test specimen shall have completed at least the
minimum number of movement cycles using at least the minimum cyclic rate for the movement type selected.
15.3 Hose Stream Test:
15.3.1 During the hose stream test, the test specimen shall not develop any opening that allows a projection of water from the
stream beyond its unexposed side.
15.4 F Rating:
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15.4.1 A test specimen shall have met the requirements for the F-Rating when it remains in the joint opening during the fire
resistance test, the hose stream test, and the following conditions are met.
15.4.1.1 The test specimen shall have withstood the fire resistance test for the rating period equal to the rated wall assembly by
preventing flaming on the unexposed side of the test specimen and on the underside of the nonrated horizontal assembly on the
unexposed side.
15.5 T Rating:
15.5.1 A test specimen shall have met the requirements for the T rating when it remains in the joint opening during the fire
resistance test and hose stream test and the following conditions are met.
15.5.1.1 The transmission of heat through the test specimen during the rating period shall not have been such as to raise the
temperature of any thermocouple on the unexposed surface more than 325 °F (181 °C) above its initial temperature.
15.5.1.2 The Conditions of Compliance of the F-Rating are met.
15.5.1.3 For a maximum joint width greater than 4 in. (102 mm), the average temperature rise of the thermocouples on the
unexposed face of the test specimen and its rated wall assembly is not more than 250 °F (139 °C) above the initial temperature.
15.6 When Test Method E119 is used and the indicated fire resistance rating is 60 min or more, it shall be increased or decreased
by the following correction to compensate for significant variation of the measured furnace temperature from the standard
time-temperature curve provided that the conditions of 12.6 are met. The correction is expressed by the following formula:
C 5 2I~A 2A !/3~A 1L! (1)
S S
where:
C = correction to the indicated fire resistance period in the same units as I,
I = indicated fire resistance period in min,
A = area under the actual time-temperature curve for the first three fourths of the indicated fire resistance period in °F · min
(°C · min),
A = the area under the standard time-temperature curve for the first three fourths for the same part of the indicated fire
S
resistance period in °F · min (°C · min), and
L = lag correction in the same units as A and A , 3240 °F · min (1800 °C · min), when furnace thermocouples specified in 6.3.1
s
are used.
16. Report
16.1 General Information—Include:
16.1.1 All information recorded or documented, or both, during the tests, and
16.1.2 The test date and a project number.
16.1.3 As a minimum, the following about the laboratory or test facility:
16.1.3.1 Name and location, and
16.1.3.2 A description of the furnace used and, if any, the test frame.
16.2 Test Assembly and Test Specimen Information—Include a unique designation for each continuity head-of-wall joint system
tested. When more than one continuity head-of-wall joint system is tested, supply separate information for each of the following:
16.2.1 Drawings of the rated wall assembly and the nonrated horizontal assembly detailing dimensions, materials and
composition.
16.2.2 The curing time, if any, for any components of each test specimen.
E2837 − 23a
16.2.3 The moisture content and the distribution of moisture within the test assembly.
16.2.4 The shape and dimensions of recesses created in the rated wall assembly to secure any part of the test specimen.
16.2.5 All installation procedures provided by the test sponsor, details of the equipment used and photographs of the installation
procedure.
16.2.6 The method used to splice the test specimen, including the tests sponsor’s instructions and photographic documentation of
the installation.
16.2.7 A description of each test specimen that is tested. Include the test sponsor’s installation or fabrication instructions or both,
and photographic documentation of the installation.
16.3 Movement Cycling Test—When movement cycling is conducted, include the following information:
16.3.1 The nominal joint width of the joint, gap, recess or separation,
16.3.2 The maximum joint width of the joint, gap, recess or separation,
16.3.3 The minimum joint width of the joint, gap, recess or separation,
16.3.4 The movement type selected from Table 1Table 1,,
16.3.5 The minimum number of cycles completed,
16.3.6 The cyclic rate (cpm) used,
16.3.7 Whether or not the information in 16.3.5 and 16.3.6 satisfies the requirements of 16.3.4,
16.3.8 Clearly state the F-Rating and T-rating of each test specimen, and
16.3.9 Photographs of each test specimen tested during and after the movement cycle test.
16.4 Fire-Resistance Test—For each test specimen tested, include the following:
16.4.1 Length and maximum joint width of the joint, gap, recess or separation used in the fire resistive test,
16.4.2 The time at which the acceptance criteria for the F-rating and T-rating were exceeded, expressed in elapsed minutes,
16.4.3 The unexposed surface temperatures,
16.4.4 Report the furn
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