D26.02 - Vapor Degreasing

ABSTRACT
This specification covers solvents based on stabilized normal-propyl bromide (nPB) for use in vapor degreasing. The standard also includes a separate specification for technicalgraden-propyl bromide. Blends and azeotropic mixtures of stabilized nPB for vapor-degreasing shall be blended from nPB meeting the specification for technical-grade nPB. Vapor-degreasing solvents based on stabilized normalpropyl bromide shall conform to the requirements of different properties such as boiling point, acidity, water content, appearance, color, free halogen, nonvolatile residue, acid acceptance, and aluminum corrosion at reflux. Blends and azeotropic mixtures of stabilized nPB with other materials for use in vapor degreasing shall be prepared from technical-grade nPB which shall conform also to requirements of different properties such as: specific gravity, boiling point, acidity, water content, appearance, color, free halogen, nonvolatile residue, normal-propyl bromide content, and iso-propyl bromide content.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers solvents based on stabilized normal-propyl bromide (nPB) for use in vapor degreasing. The standard also includes a separate specification for technical-grade n-propyl bromide.  
1.2 Blends and azeotropic mixtures of stabilized nPB for vapor-degreasing shall be blended from nPB meeting the specification for technical-grade nPB.
Note 1: Guide D3844, Practice D4276, and MNL22 provide additional important information on vapor degreasing and solvent properties.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers technical grade ethylene dichloride. Technical grade ethylene dichloride shall conform to the requirements prescribed. The color, ethylene dichloride content, specific gravity, acidity, and water content shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers technical grade ethylene dichloride.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers reclaimed methylene chloride used in various industries for noncritical applications. Tests for specific gravity, acidity, water content, appearance, color, nonvolatile residue, chloride content, assay, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane content shall be performed and shall conform to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the grade of methylene chloride typically needed in various industries for noncritical applications, such as in paint stripping formulations. It may be used as a reference document by purchasers or by persons establishing in-house methylene chloride recovery programs.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice describes the symptoms and causes of an acid degreaser as well as methods for correcting the problem.  
4.2 This practice is intended as a reference for use by persons responsible for the operation or maintenance of vapor degreasers or stills.4  
4.3 This practice is not intended to cover every possible situation.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures required for recognizing and handling an acid vapor degreaser or still.  
1.2 If the degreaser(s) is equipped with a still, follow the procedure in this practice for all of the equipment.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers vapor-degreasing grade methylene chloride. Vapor-degreasing grade methylene chloride shall be subjected to different tests so as to determine properties such as specific gravity, distillation range at initial boiling point, distillation range at dry point, acidity, water content, appearance, color, nonvolatile residue, and acid acceptance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers vapor-degreasing grade methylene chloride.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Guide D3844, Practice D4276, and MNL22 provide additional important information on vapor degreasing and solvent properties.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the grades of trichloroethylene typically needed in various industries for noncritical applications such as in metal cleaning formulations. It may also be used as a reference document by purchasers or persons establishing in-house trichloroethylene recovery programs. The specimens are classified into three types: Type I – generally recognized for use in precision applications; Type II – for use in less-demanding precision applications; and Type III – may not be suitable for all applications. The three types of reclaimed trichloroethylene shall meet the specific gravity, nonvolatile residue, water content, assay percentage, 1,1,1 trichloroethane content, color in platinum-cobalt scale, appearance, acid acceptance, and acidity requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the grades of trichloroethylene2 typically needed in various industries for noncritical applications such as in metal cleaning formulations. It may be used as a reference document by purchasers or persons establishing in-house trichloroethylene recovery programs.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is intended for use by employers in developing their own specific operation standards for solvent vapor degreasing operations.  
4.2 Certain vapor degreasing operations are subject to the requirements of the National Emission Standards for Halogenated Solvent Cleaning (Halogenated Solvent Cleaner NESHAP) as found in 40 CFR Part 63, Subpart T. The determination of the applicability of these, or any additional requirements is the responsibility of the user.  
4.3 This practice is not intended to address all of the requirements contained in the Halogenated Solvent Cleaner NESHAP. Development and implementation of training programs, recordkeeping, and other additional requirements of the NESHAP are the responsibility of the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice recommends work practices for conventional vapor degreasing operations utilizing any solvent or solvent blend that has been categorized as nonflammable.  
1.2 This practice is not intended for use in vapor degreasing operations utilizing flammable (low flash point) solvents or in vapor degreasing operations utilizing enclosed (sealed, airtight) equipment. For these non-applicable operations, users should consult the solvent or equipment supplier for additional information.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the three grades of 1,1,2- trichloro 1,2,2 trifluoroethane typically needed in various industries. This may be a reference for 1,1,2-trichloro 1,2,2- trifluoroethane recovery programs. The three classifications are as follows: Type I - generally recognized for use in precision applications; Type II - used for less demanding precision applications; and Type III - general-purpose technical grade. Materials shall be tested and the individual grades shall conform to specified values of specific gravity, chloride content, acid number, non-volatile residue content, water content, 1,1,2-trichloro 1,2,2- trifluoroethane content, 1,1,1- trichloroethane content, color, and appearance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the three grades of 1,1,2-trichloro 1,2,2-trifluoroethane2 typically needed in various industries. It may be used as a reference document by purchasers or by persons establishing in-house, 1,1,2-trichloro 1,2,2-trifluoroethane recovery programs.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for reclaimed perchloroethylene typically needed in various industries for noncritical applications such as in metal cleaning formulations. This is not recommended for dry cleaning applications, but may be used as a reference document by purchasers or by persons establishing in-house perchloroethylene recovery programs. Covered here are the following types: Type I, generally recognized for use in precision applications; Type II, used for less demanding precision applications; and Type III, general purpose technical grade. Specimens shall be tested and each type should conform individually to the following properties: specific gravity; maximum compositions for chlorides, nonvolatile residue, water, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane; assay weight; color (Pt-Co scale); appearance; acid acceptance (as NaOH); and acidity (as HCl).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the grade of perchloroethylene typically needed in various industries for noncritical applications, such as in metal cleaning formulations. It is not recommended for dry cleaning applications (see Specification D4081). It may be used as a reference document by purchasers or by persons establishing in-house perchloroethylene recovery programs.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Vapor inhalation is the primary hazard encountered in the use of chlorinated solvents. The greatest potential for over exposure to these solvent vapors occurs where the employee is exposed to the high concentrations of vapor that may be found in confined areas. The seriousness of this hazard is often underestimated by those performing this type of work.  
4.2 This practice is designed for use by employers in developing their own specific standards for vessel or confined area entry.  
4.3 Many of these areas are considered as permit-required confined spaces as defined by OSHA (29 CFR 1910.146). The determination of the applicability of these requirements is the responsibility of the user.  
4.4 This practice represents the minimum requirements for entry into any confined area containing halogenated solvents.  
4.5 This practice does not address all of the requirements contained in the OSHA confined spaces standard. Development and implementation of training programs, recordkeeping, and other additional requirements of the OSHA standard are the responsibility of the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers recognized procedures necessary to protect the health and safety of workers required to enter confined spaces. These procedures are particularly applicable to entry into the confined areas associated with the use of halogenated organic solvents.  
1.2 Confined areas addressed in this practice include, but are not limited to: vapor degreasers, cold cleaning tanks, storage vessels, tank cars and trucks, van trailers, ships or barges, pits or sumps, and unventilated rooms.  
1.3 This practice does not necessarily address entry into all confined spaces nor does it address the decision strategy involved in requiring such entry.  
1.4 Although this practice describes specific safety steps to be taken for entry into confined spaces, it is not intended to preclude the use of any additional measures that may be deemed necessary for a particular situation.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers technical and vapor degreasing grade trichloroethylene. Technical and vapor degreasing grade trichloroethylene shall conform to the requirements prescribed. Specific gravity, distillation range, acidity, alkalinity, water, appearance, color, halide content, nonvolatile residue, and acid acceptance tests shall be performed to conform to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers technical and vapor degreasing grade trichloroethylene.  
Note 1: Guide D3844, Practice D4276, and MNL22 provide additional important information on vapor degreasing and solvent properties.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements and corresponding test methods for vapor-degreasing grade perchloroethylene. When tested, materials shall conform to the following physical properties: specific gravity; distillation range (initial boiling point and dry point); acidity as HCl; alkalinity as NaOH; water content; appearance; color in Pt-co units; halides content; nonvolatile residues content; acid acceptance; and copper corrosion behavior.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers vapor-degreasing grade perchloroethylene.2
Note 1: Guide D3844 and Practice D4276 provide additional important information on solvent properties.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers technical grade ethylene dichloride. Technical grade ethylene dichloride shall conform to the requirements prescribed. The color, ethylene dichloride content, specific gravity, acidity, and water content shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers technical grade ethylene dichloride.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers solvents based on stabilized normal-propyl bromide (nPB) for use in vapor degreasing. The standard also includes a separate specification for technicalgraden-propyl bromide. Blends and azeotropic mixtures of stabilized nPB for vapor-degreasing shall be blended from nPB meeting the specification for technical-grade nPB. Vapor-degreasing solvents based on stabilized normalpropyl bromide shall conform to the requirements of different properties such as boiling point, acidity, water content, appearance, color, free halogen, nonvolatile residue, acid acceptance, and aluminum corrosion at reflux. Blends and azeotropic mixtures of stabilized nPB with other materials for use in vapor degreasing shall be prepared from technical-grade nPB which shall conform also to requirements of different properties such as: specific gravity, boiling point, acidity, water content, appearance, color, free halogen, nonvolatile residue, normal-propyl bromide content, and iso-propyl bromide content.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers solvents based on stabilized normal-propyl bromide (nPB) for use in vapor degreasing. The standard also includes a separate specification for technical-grade n-propyl bromide.  
1.2 Blends and azeotropic mixtures of stabilized nPB for vapor-degreasing shall be blended from nPB meeting the specification for technical-grade nPB.
Note 1: Guide D3844, Practice D4276, and MNL22 provide additional important information on vapor degreasing and solvent properties.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers reclaimed methylene chloride used in various industries for noncritical applications. Tests for specific gravity, acidity, water content, appearance, color, nonvolatile residue, chloride content, assay, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane content shall be performed and shall conform to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the grade of methylene chloride typically needed in various industries for noncritical applications, such as in paint stripping formulations. It may be used as a reference document by purchasers or by persons establishing in-house methylene chloride recovery programs.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice describes the symptoms and causes of an acid degreaser as well as methods for correcting the problem.  
4.2 This practice is intended as a reference for use by persons responsible for the operation or maintenance of vapor degreasers or stills.4  
4.3 This practice is not intended to cover every possible situation.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures required for recognizing and handling an acid vapor degreaser or still.  
1.2 If the degreaser(s) is equipped with a still, follow the procedure in this practice for all of the equipment.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the grades of trichloroethylene typically needed in various industries for noncritical applications such as in metal cleaning formulations. It may also be used as a reference document by purchasers or persons establishing in-house trichloroethylene recovery programs. The specimens are classified into three types: Type I – generally recognized for use in precision applications; Type II – for use in less-demanding precision applications; and Type III – may not be suitable for all applications. The three types of reclaimed trichloroethylene shall meet the specific gravity, nonvolatile residue, water content, assay percentage, 1,1,1 trichloroethane content, color in platinum-cobalt scale, appearance, acid acceptance, and acidity requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the grades of trichloroethylene2 typically needed in various industries for noncritical applications such as in metal cleaning formulations. It may be used as a reference document by purchasers or persons establishing in-house trichloroethylene recovery programs.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers vapor-degreasing grade methylene chloride. Vapor-degreasing grade methylene chloride shall be subjected to different tests so as to determine properties such as specific gravity, distillation range at initial boiling point, distillation range at dry point, acidity, water content, appearance, color, nonvolatile residue, and acid acceptance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers vapor-degreasing grade methylene chloride.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Guide D3844, Practice D4276, and MNL22 provide additional important information on vapor degreasing and solvent properties.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers technical and vapor degreasing grade trichloroethylene. Technical and vapor degreasing grade trichloroethylene shall conform to the requirements prescribed. Specific gravity, distillation range, acidity, alkalinity, water, appearance, color, halide content, nonvolatile residue, and acid acceptance tests shall be performed to conform to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers technical and vapor degreasing grade trichloroethylene.  
Note 1: Guide D3844, Practice D4276, and MNL22 provide additional important information on vapor degreasing and solvent properties.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements and corresponding test methods for vapor-degreasing grade perchloroethylene. When tested, materials shall conform to the following physical properties: specific gravity; distillation range (initial boiling point and dry point); acidity as HCl; alkalinity as NaOH; water content; appearance; color in Pt-co units; halides content; nonvolatile residues content; acid acceptance; and copper corrosion behavior.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers vapor-degreasing grade perchloroethylene.2  
Note 1: Guide D3844 and Practice D4276 provide additional important information on solvent properties.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for reclaimed perchloroethylene typically needed in various industries for noncritical applications such as in metal cleaning formulations. This is not recommended for dry cleaning applications, but may be used as a reference document by purchasers or by persons establishing in-house perchloroethylene recovery programs. Covered here are the following types: Type I, generally recognized for use in precision applications; Type II, used for less demanding precision applications; and Type III, general purpose technical grade. Specimens shall be tested and each type should conform individually to the following properties: specific gravity; maximum compositions for chlorides, nonvolatile residue, water, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane; assay weight; color (Pt-Co scale); appearance; acid acceptance (as NaOH); and acidity (as HCl).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the grade of perchloroethylene typically needed in various industries for noncritical applications, such as in metal cleaning formulations. It is not recommended for dry cleaning applications (see Specification D4081). It may be used as a reference document by purchasers or by persons establishing in-house perchloroethylene recovery programs.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is intended for use by employers in developing their own specific operation standards for solvent vapor degreasing operations.  
4.2 Certain vapor degreasing operations are subject to the requirements of the National Emission Standards for Halogenated Solvent Cleaning (Halogenated Solvent Cleaner NESHAP) as found in 40 CFR Part 63, Subpart T. The determination of the applicability of these, or any additional requirements is the responsibility of the user.  
4.3 This practice is not intended to address all of the requirements contained in the Halogenated Solvent Cleaner NESHAP. Development and implementation of training programs, recordkeeping, and other additional requirements of the NESHAP are the responsibility of the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice recommends work practices for conventional vapor degreasing operations utilizing any solvent or solvent blend that has been categorized as nonflammable.  
1.2 This practice is not intended for use in vapor degreasing operations utilizing flammable (low flash point) solvents or in vapor degreasing operations utilizing enclosed (sealed, airtight) equipment. For these non-applicable operations, users should consult the solvent or equipment supplier for additional information.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the three grades of 1,1,2- trichloro 1,2,2 trifluoroethane typically needed in various industries. This may be a reference for 1,1,2-trichloro 1,2,2- trifluoroethane recovery programs. The three classifications are as follows: Type I - generally recognized for use in precision applications; Type II - used for less demanding precision applications; and Type III - general-purpose technical grade. Materials shall be tested and the individual grades shall conform to specified values of specific gravity, chloride content, acid number, non-volatile residue content, water content, 1,1,2-trichloro 1,2,2- trifluoroethane content, 1,1,1- trichloroethane content, color, and appearance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the three grades of 1,1,2-trichloro 1,2,2-trifluoroethane2 typically needed in various industries. It may be used as a reference document by purchasers or by persons establishing in-house, 1,1,2-trichloro 1,2,2-trifluoroethane recovery programs.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers reclaimed methylene chloride used in various industries for noncritical applications. Tests for specific gravity, acidity, water content, appearance, color, nonvolatile residue, chloride content, assay, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane content shall be performed and shall conform to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the grade of methylene chloride typically needed in various industries for noncritical applications, such as in paint stripping formulations. It may be used as a reference document by purchasers or by persons establishing in-house methylene chloride recovery programs.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers technical grade ethylene dichloride. Technical grade ethylene dichloride shall conform to the requirements prescribed. The color, ethylene dichloride content, specific gravity, acidity, and water content shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers technical grade ethylene dichloride.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Vapor inhalation is the primary hazard encountered in the use of chlorinated solvents. The greatest potential for over exposure to these solvent vapors occurs where the employee is exposed to the high concentrations of vapor that may be found in confined areas. The seriousness of this hazard is often underestimated by those performing this type of work.  
4.2 This practice is designed for use by employers in developing their own specific standards for vessel or confined area entry.  
4.3 Many of these areas are considered as permit-required confined spaces as defined by OSHA (29 CFR 1910.146). The determination of the applicability of these requirements is the responsibility of the user.  
4.4 This practice represents the minimum requirements for entry into any confined area containing halogenated solvents.  
4.5 This practice does not address all of the requirements contained in the OSHA confined spaces standard. Development and implementation of training programs, recordkeeping, and other additional requirements of the OSHA standard are the responsibility of the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers recognized procedures necessary to protect the health and safety of workers required to enter confined spaces. These procedures are particularly applicable to entry into the confined areas associated with the use of halogenated organic solvents.  
1.2 Confined areas addressed in this practice include, but are not limited to: vapor degreasers, cold cleaning tanks, storage vessels, tank cars and trucks, van trailers, ships or barges, pits or sumps, and unventilated rooms.  
1.3 This practice does not necessarily address entry into all confined spaces nor does it address the decision strategy involved in requiring such entry.  
1.4 Although this practice describes specific safety steps to be taken for entry into confined spaces, it is not intended to preclude the use of any additional measures that may be deemed necessary for a particular situation.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers solvents based on stabilized normal-propyl bromide (nPB) for use in vapor degreasing. The standard also includes a separate specification for technicalgraden-propyl bromide. Blends and azeotropic mixtures of stabilized nPB for vapor-degreasing shall be blended from nPB meeting the specification for technical-grade nPB. Vapor-degreasing solvents based on stabilized normalpropyl bromide shall conform to the requirements of different properties such as boiling point, acidity, water content, appearance, color, free halogen, nonvolatile residue, acid acceptance, and aluminum corrosion at reflux. Blends and azeotropic mixtures of stabilized nPB with other materials for use in vapor degreasing shall be prepared from technical-grade nPB which shall conform also to requirements of different properties such as: specific gravity, boiling point, acidity, water content, appearance, color, free halogen, nonvolatile residue, normal-propyl bromide content, and iso-propyl bromide content.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers solvents based on stabilized normal-propyl bromide (nPB) for use in vapor degreasing. The standard also includes a separate specification for technical-grade n-propyl bromide.
1.2 Blends and azeotropic mixtures of stabilized nPB for vapor-degreasing shall be blended from nPB meeting the specification for technical-grade nPB.
Note 1—Practices D3844 and D4276 and MNL2 provide additional important information on vapor degreasing and solvent properties.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements and corresponding test methods for vapor-degreasing grade perchloroethylene. When tested, materials shall conform to the following physical properties: specific gravity; distillation range (initial boiling point and dry point); acidity as HCl; alkalinity as NaOH; water content; appearance; color in Pt-co units; halides content; nonvolatile residues content; acid acceptance; and copper corrosion behavior.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers vapor-degreasing grade perchloroethylene.  
Note 1—Guide D3844 and Practice D4276 provide additional important information on solvent properties.
TABLE 1 Physical Properties    PropertySpecificationTest Method Specific gravity, 25/25°C1.606 to 1.625D2111 Distillation range (760 mm Hg)D1078  Initial boiling point, °C, min120.0  Dry point, °C, max125.0 Acidity (as HCl), weight, %, max0.0005D2989 Alkalinity (as NaOH), weight,
%, max0.030D2989 Water, weight, %, max0.0050D3401 AppearanceClear and free
from suspended
matterD3741 Color, Pt-Co, max20D2108 Halide (as Cl−), weight, %, max0.0005D2988 Nonvolatile residue, weight,
%, max0.0050D2109 Acid acceptance, as NaOH,
weight, %, min0.10D2942 Copper corrosion, weight loss,
mg, maxD3316  Flask10  Soxhlet20  Condenser20  Acidity as HCl, max, mL,
NaOH15

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice describes the symptoms and causes of an acid degreaser as well as methods for correcting the problem.
This practice is intended as a reference for use by persons responsible for the operation or maintenance of vapor degreasers or stills.  
This practice is not intended to cover every possible situation.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures required for recognizing and handling an acid vapor degreaser or still.
1.2 If the degreaser(s) is equipped with a still, follow the procedure in this practice for all of the equipment.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers technical and vapor degreasing grade trichloroethylene. Technical and vapor degreasing grade trichloroethylene shall conform to the requirements prescribed. Specific gravity, distillation range, acidity, alkalinity, water, appearance, color, halide content, nonvolatile residue, and acid acceptance tests shall be performed to conform to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers technical and vapor degreasing grade trichloroethylene.
Note 1—Guide D3844, Practice D4276, and MNL2 provide additional important information on vapor degreasing and solvent properties.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers vapor-degreasing grade methylene chloride. Vapor-degreasing grade methylene chloride shall be subjected to different tests so as to determine properties such as specific gravity, distillation range at initial boiling point, distillation range at dry point, acidity, water content, appearance, color, nonvolatile residue, and acid acceptance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers vapor-degreasing grade methylene chloride.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—Practices D3844 and D4276, and MNL2 provide additional important information on vapor degreasing and solvent properties.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is intended for use by employers in developing their own specific operation standards for solvent vapor degreasing operations.
Certain vapor degreasing operations are subject to the requirements of the National Emission Standards for Halogenated Solvent Cleaning (Halogenated Solvent Cleaner NESHAP) as found in 40 CFR Part 63, Subpart T. The determination of the applicability of these, or any additional requirements is the responsibility of the user.
This practice is not intended to address all of the requirements contained in the Halogenated Solvent Cleaner NESHAP. Development and implementation of training programs, recordkeeping, and other additional requirements of the NESHAP are the responsibility of the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice recommends work practices for conventional vapor degreasing operations utilizing any solvent or solvent blend that has been categorized as nonflammable.
1.2 This practice is not intended for use in vapor degreasing operations utilizing flammable (low flash point) solvents or in vapor degreasing operations utilizing enclosed (sealed, airtight) equipment. For these non-applicable operations, users should consult the solvent or equipment supplier for additional information.
1.3 The values given in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the three grades of 1,1,2- trichloro 1,2,2 trifluoroethane typically needed in various industries. This may be a reference for 1,1,2-trichloro 1,2,2- trifluoroethane recovery programs. The three classifications are as follows: Type I - generally recognized for use in precision applications; Type II - used for less demanding precision applications; and Type III - general-purpose technical grade. Materials shall be tested and the individual grades shall conform to specified values of specific gravity, chloride content, acid number, non-volatile residue content, water content, 1,1,2-trichloro 1,2,2- trifluoroethane content, 1,1,1- trichloroethane content, color, and appearance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the three grades of 1,1,2-trichloro 1,2,2-trifluoroethane typically needed in various industries. It may be used as a reference document by purchasers or by persons establishing in-house, 1,1,2-trichloro 1,2,2-trifluoroethane recovery programs.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for reclaimed perchloroethylene typically needed in various industries for noncritical applications such as in metal cleaning formulations. This is not recommended for dry cleaning applications, but may be used as a reference document by purchasers or by persons establishing in-house perchloroethylene recovery programs. Covered here are the following types: Type I, generally recognized for use in precision applications; Type II, used for less demanding precision applications; and Type III, general purpose technical grade. Specimens shall be tested and each type should conform individually to the following properties: specific gravity; maximum compositions for chlorides, nonvolatile residue, water, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane; assay weight; color (Pt-Co scale); appearance; acid acceptance (as NaOH); and acidity (as HCl).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the grade of perchloroethylene typically needed in various industries for noncritical applications, such as in metal cleaning formulations. It is not recommended for dry cleaning applications (see Specification D4081). It may be used as a reference document by purchasers or by persons establishing in-house perchloroethylene recovery programs.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the grades of trichloroethylene typically needed in various industries for noncritical applications such as in metal cleaning formulations. It may also be used as a reference document by purchasers or persons establishing in-house trichloroethylene recovery programs. The specimens are classified into three types: Type I— generally recognized for use in precision applications; Type II— for use in less-demanding precision applications; and Type III— may not be suitable for all applications. The three types of reclaimed trichloroethylene shall meet the specific gravity, nonvolatile residue, water content, assay percentage, 1,1,1 trichloroethane content, color in platinum-cobalt scale, appearance, acid acceptance, and acidity requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the grades of trichloroethylene typically needed in various industries for noncritical applications such as in metal cleaning formulations. It may be used as a reference document by purchasers or persons establishing in-house trichloroethylene recovery programs.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers reclaimed methylene chloride used in various industries for noncritical applications. Tests for specific gravity, acidity, water content, appearance, color, nonvolatile residue, chloride content, assay, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane content shall be performed and shall conform to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the grade of methylene chloride typically needed in various industries for noncritical applications, such as in paint stripping formulations. It may be used as a reference document by purchasers or by persons establishing in-house methylene chloride recovery programs.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers technical grade ethylene dichloride. Technical grade ethylene dichloride shall conform to the requirements prescribed. The color, ethylene dichloride content, specific gravity, acidity, and water content shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers technical grade ethylene dichloride.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements and corresponding test methods for vapor-degreasing grade perchloroethylene. When tested, materials shall conform to the following physical properties: specific gravity; distillation range (initial boiling point and dry point); acidity as HCl; alkalinity as NaOH; water content; appearance; color in Pt-co units; halides content; nonvolatile residues content; acid acceptance; and copper corrosion behavior.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers vapor-degreasing grade perchloroethylene.
Note 1—Practices D 3844 and D 4276, and provide additional important information on solvent properties.

ABSTRACT
This specification defines reclaimed 1,1,1-trichloroethane, also known commercially as methyl chloroform. The types are defined: Type I - high quality reclaimed 1,1,1-trichloroethane, approximating MIL Specification; Type II - good quality reclaimed solvent; and Type III - minimal acceptable reclaimed solvent. The solvent shall be subject to tests for amine acid acceptance or alkalinity, color and appearance, nonvolatile matter content, total acid acceptance, aluminum scratch, water-soluble halide ion content, acidity-alkalinity, and water content.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification defines Type I (high quality reclaimed 1,1,1-trichloroethane, approximating MIL Specification), Type II (good quality reclaimed solvent), Type III (minimal acceptable reclaimed solvent).
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazards statement see Section 4.
1.2 1,1,1-trichloroethane also is known commercially as methyl chloroform.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for vapor-degreasing grade and general solvent grade 1,1,1-trichloroethane. High purity grades are also available but should not be evaluated by this specification. Both grades shall be undergo tests and should conform accordingly to the following properties: specific gravity; distillation range (initial boiling point and dry point); acidity (as HCl); alkalinity and acid acceptance (as NaOH); water content; appearance; color (Pt-Co scale); halide (as Cl-) content; nonvolatile residue content; performance in aluminium scratch test; and purity.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers vapor-degreasing grade and general solvent grade 1,1,1-trichloroethane. High purity grades of 1,1,1-trichloroethane are available but should not be evaluated by this specification.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1
Practices D 3844 and D 4276, STP 403A and MNL2 provide additional important information on vapor degreasing and solvent properties.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers solvents based on stabilized normal-propyl bromide (nPB) for use in vapor degreasing. The standard also includes a separate specification for technicalgraden-propyl bromide. Blends and azeotropic mixtures of stabilized nPB for vapor-degreasing shall be blended from nPB meeting the specification for technical-grade nPB. Vapor-degreasing solvents based on stabilized normalpropyl bromide shall conform to the requirements of different properties such as boiling point, acidity, water content, appearance, color, free halogen, nonvolatile residue, acid acceptance, and aluminum corrosion at reflux. Blends and azeotropic mixtures of stabilized nPB with other materials for use in vapor degreasing shall be prepared from technical-grade nPB which shall conform also to requirements of different properties such as: specific gravity, boiling point, acidity, water content, appearance, color, free halogen, nonvolatile residue, normal-propyl bromide content, and iso-propyl bromide content.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers solvents based on stabilized normal-propyl bromide (nPB) for use in vapor degreasing. The standard also includes a separate specification for technical-grade n-propyl bromide.
1.2 Blends and azeotropic mixtures of stabilized nPB for vapor-degreasing shall be blended from  nPB meeting the specification for technical-grade  nPB.Note 1
Practices D 3844 and D 4276 and MNL2 provide additional important information on vapor degreasing and solvent properties.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers vapor-degreasing grade methylene chloride. Vapor-degreasing grade methylene chloride shall be subjected to different tests so as to determine properties such as specific gravity, distillation range at initial boiling point, distillation range at dry point, acidity, water content, appearance, color, nonvolatile residue, and acid acceptance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers vapor-degreasing grade methylene chloride.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—Practices D 3844 and D 4276, and MNL2 provide additional important information on vapor degreasing and solvent properties.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice describes the symptoms and causes of an acid degreaser as well as methods for correcting the problem.
This practice is intended as a reference for use by persons responsible for the operation or maintenance of vapor degreasers or stills.4  
This practice is not intended to cover every possible situation.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures required for recognizing and handling an acid vapor degreaser or still.  
1.2 If the degreaser(s) is equipped with a still, follow the procedure in this standard for all of the equipment.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers technical and vapor degreasing grade trichloroethylene. Technical and vapor degreasing grade trichloroethylene shall conform to the requirements prescribed. Specific gravity, distillation range, acidity, alkalinity, water, appearance, color, halide content, nonvolatile residue, and acid acceptance tests shall be performed to conform to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers technical and vapor degreasing grade trichloroethylene.
Note 1--Practices D3844 and D4276, and MNL2 provide additional important information on vapor degreasing and solvent properties.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers vapor-degreasing grade and general solvent grade normal-propyl bromide (nPB). High-purity grades of nPB are available but should not be evaluated by this specification.
1.2 Blends and azeotropic mixtures of  nPB for vapor-degreasing and general solvent grades should be blended from nPB meeting this specification.
Note 1—Practices D 3844 and D 4276 and MNL2 ²provide additional important information on vapor degreasing and solvent properties.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is intended for use by employers in developing their own specific operation standards for solvent vapor degreasing operations.
Certain vapor degreasing operations are subject to the requirements of the National Emission Standards for Halogenated Solvent Cleaning (Halogenated Solvent Cleaner NESHAP) as found in 40 CFR Part 63, Subpart T. The determination of the applicability of these, or any additional requirements is the responsibility of the user.
This practice is not intended to address all of the requirements contained in the Halogenated Solvent Cleaner NESHAP. Development and implementation of training programs, recordkeeping, and other additional requirements of the NESHAP are the responsibility of the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice recommends work practices for conventional vapor degreasing operations utilizing any solvent or solvent blend that has been categorized as nonflammable.
1.2 This practice is not intended for use in vapor degreasing operations utilizing flammable (low flash point) solvents or in vapor degreasing operations utilizing enclosed (sealed, airtight) equipment. For these non-applicable operations, users should consult the solvent or equipment supplier for additional information.
1.3 The values given in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for reclaimed perchloroethylene typically needed in various industries for noncritical applications such as in metal cleaning formulations. This is not recommended for dry cleaning applications, but may be used as a reference document by purchasers or by persons establishing in-house perchloroethylene recovery programs. Covered here are the following types: Type I, generally recognized for use in precision applications; Type II, used for less demanding precision applications; and Type III, general purpose technical grade. Specimens shall be tested and each type should conform individually to the following properties: specific gravity; maximum compositions for chlorides, nonvolatile residue, water, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane; assay weight; color (Pt-Co scale); appearance; acid acceptance (as NaOH); and acidity (as HCl).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the grade of perchloroethylene typically needed in various industries for noncritical applications, such as in metal cleaning formulations. It is not recommended for dry cleaning applications (see Specification D 4081). It may be used as a reference document by purchasers or by persons establishing in-house perchloroethylene recovery programs.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the three grades of 1,1,2- trichloro 1,2,2 trifluoroethane typically needed in various industries. This may be a reference for 1,1,2-trichloro 1,2,2- trifluoroethane recovery programs. The three classifications are as follows: Type I - generally recognized for use in precision applications; Type II - used for less demanding precision applications; and Type III - general-purpose technical grade. Materials shall be tested and the individual grades shall conform to specified values of specific gravity, chloride content, acid number, non-volatile residue content, water content, 1,1,2-trichloro 1,2,2- trifluoroethane content, 1,1,1- trichloroethane content, color, and appearance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the three grades of 1,1,2-trichloro 1,2,2-trifluoroethane typically needed in various industries. It may be used as a reference document by purchasers or by persons establishing in-house, 1,1,2-trichloro 1,2,2-trifluoroethane recovery programs.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the grades of trichloroethylene typically needed in various industries for noncritical applications such as in metal cleaning formulations. It may also be used as a reference document by purchasers or persons establishing in-house trichloroethylene recovery programs. The specimens are classified into three types: Type I— generally recognized for use in precision applications; Type II— for use in less-demanding precision applications; and Type III— may not be suitable for all applications. The three types of reclaimed trichloroethylene shall meet the specific gravity, nonvolatile residue, water content, assay percentage, 1,1,1 trichloroethane content, color in platinum-cobalt scale, appearance, acid acceptance, and acidity requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the grades of trichloroethylene typically needed in various industries for noncritical applications such as in metal cleaning formulations. It may be used as a reference document by purchasers or persons establishing in-house trichloroethylene recovery programs.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the grade of methylene chloride typically needed in various industries for noncritical applications, such as in paint stripping formulations. It may be used as a reference document by purchasers or by persons establishing in-house methylene chloride recovery programs.