ISO/TC 213/WG 10 - Coordinate measuring machines

This document specifies the acceptance tests for verifying the performance of an optical 3D coordinate measuring system (CMS) when measuring lengths as stated by the manufacturer. It also specifies the reverification tests that enable the user to periodically reverify the performance of the optical 3D CMS. This document is applicable to verification of the measuring performance of CMSs if the surface characteristics (e.g. glossiness, colour) of the object to be scanned are restricted and within a cooperative range. This document does not apply to other types of CMSs, including those covered by the other parts of the ISO 10360 series.

This document specifies the acceptance tests for verifying the performance of a laser tracker by measuring calibrated test lengths, according to the specifications of the manufacturer. It also specifies the reverification tests that enable the user to periodically reverify the performance of the laser tracker. The acceptance and reverification tests given in this document are applicable to laser trackers utilizing a retroreflector, or a retroreflector in combination with a stylus or optical distance sensor, as a probing system. Laser trackers that use interferometric measurement (IFM), absolute distance measurement (ADM) or both can be verified using this document. This document can also be used to specify and verify the relevant performance tests of other spherical coordinate measurement systems that use cooperative targets, such as “laser radar” systems. NOTE Systems which do not track the target, such as laser radar systems, will not be tested for probing performance. This document does not explicitly apply to measuring systems that do not use a spherical coordinate system. However, interested parties can apply this document to such systems by mutual agreement. This document specifies: — performance requirements that can be assigned by the manufacturer or the user of the laser tracker; — the manner of execution of the acceptance and reverification tests to demonstrate the stated requirements; — rules for proving comformity; — applications for which the acceptance and reverification tests can be used.

This document specifies acceptance and periodic reverification tests of CMM performance with contacting probing systems and is only applicable to CMMs using: — any type of contacting probing system; and — spherical or hemispherical stylus tip(s). NOTE CMM probing performance tests are specified by the maximum permissible errors (MPEs), due to the impracticality of isolating the performance of the probing system from that of the CMM, even on a small artefact such as a test sphere. This document applies to CMMs supplied with any of the following: a) single-stylus probing systems; b) multi-stylus probing systems with fixed multiple styli attached to a single probe (e.g. "star" stylus); c) multiple probing systems such as those with a stylus for each of their probes; d) systems with articulating probing systems; e) stylus and probe changing systems; f) manual (non-driven) and automated CMMs; g) installations including a scanning probe, capable of being used in a scanning mode. This document is not applicable to non-contacting probing systems, which require different testing procedures. The term ?combined CMM and multi-stylus probing system size error' has been shortened to ?multi-stylus size error' for convenience. This applies in similar cases. If it is desirable to isolate the probing system performance as far as is practical, the influence of the CMM can be minimized but not eliminated. See Annex C for more information.

ISO 10360-12:2016 specifies the acceptance tests for verifying the performance of an articulated arm CMM by measuring calibrated test lengths as stated by the manufacturer. It also specifies the reverification tests that enable the user to periodically reverify the performance of the articulated arm CMM. It applies to articulated arm CMMs using tactile probes and optionally optical distance sensors (also referred to as laser line scanners or laser line probes). Details on tests for scanner accessories are given in Annex E. ISO 10360-12:2016 does not specify how often or when testing is performed, if at all, nor does it specify which party should bear the cost of testing. This part of ISO 10360 specifies - performance requirements that can be assigned by the manufacturer or the user of the articulated arm CMM, - the manner of execution of the acceptance and reverification tests to demonstrate the stated requirements, - rules for proving conformance, and - applications for which the acceptance and reverification tests can be used.

ISO/TS 17865:2016 describes how to evaluate the test value uncertainty when testing is performed according to ISO 10360‑5.

ISO 10360-9:2013 specifies procedures for testing the performance of coordinate measuring machines of various designs that use multiple probing systems in contacting and non-contacting mode. It applies to acceptance tests for verifying the performance of a CMM and its probes as stated by the manufacturer;reverification tests performed by the user for periodical checking of the CMM and its probes; interim checks performed by the user for monitoring the CMM and its probes in between reverification tests. It considers CMMs of single ram designs as well as multiple ram designs with small or with large overlapping measuring volume. It applies to multiple probing systems consisting of different types of probes (such as an imaging probe combined with a contacting probe, or two contacting probes of different individual performance). The tests described are sensitive to many errors attributable to both the CMM and the probing systems; they supplement the length measurement tests and the individual probing error tests of each probing system. The length measurement tests, as well as the individual probing error tests (for example, ISO 10360-5, ISO 10360-7, or ISO 10360-8), should be performed before executing the procedures in ISO 10360-9:2013.

ISO 10360-8:2013 specifies the acceptance tests for verifying the performance of a CMM (coordinate measuring machine) when measuring lengths as stated by the manufacturer. It also specifies the reverification tests that enable the user to periodically reverify the performance of the CMM. The acceptance and reverification tests are applicable only to Cartesian CMMs with optical distance sensors. While it does not explicitly apply to non-Cartesian CMMs, the parties may apply ISO 10360-8:2013 to non-Cartesian CMMs by mutual agreement. It is not intended to be applicable to CMMs whose measuring volume is significantly smaller than the size of the test sphere. However, the principle, artefacts and procedure of the test described are useful for the acceptance and reverification tests of those CMMs ? either as it is or with modifying the parameters such as the size of the test artefacts and the number of measurements. ISO 10360-8:2013 specifies performance requirements that can be assigned by the manufacturer or the user of the CMM, the manner of execution of the acceptance and reverification tests to demonstrate the stated requirements, rules for verifying conformance, and applications for which the acceptance and reverification tests can be used.

ISO/TS 15530-1:2013 provides an overview of the ISO 15530 series. It discusses the metrological characteristics of coordinate measuring machines (CMMs), the sources of task-specific uncertainty, and the relationship between the ISO 10360 and ISO 15530 series.

ISO 15530-3:2011 specifies the evaluation of measurement uncertainty for results of measurements obtained by a CMM (coordinate measuring machine) and by using calibrated workpieces or measurement standards. It provides an experimental technique for simplifying the uncertainty evaluation of CMM measurements, whose approach (substitution measurements) leads to measurements being carried out in the same way as actual measurements, but with calibrated workpieces of similar dimension and geometry instead of the unknown workpieces to be measured. Non-substitution measurements on CMMs are also covered, as are the requirements of the uncertainty evaluation procedure, the measurement equipment needed, and the reverification and interim check of the measurement uncertainty.

ISO 10360-7:2011 specifies the acceptance tests for verifying the performance of a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) used for measuring linear dimensions as stated by the manufacturer. It also specifies the reverification tests that enable the user to periodically reverify the performance of the CMM. The acceptance and reverification tests given in ISO 10360-7:2011 are applicable only to Cartesian CMMs using imaging probing systems of any type operating in the discrete-point probing mode. ISO 10360-7:2011 does not explicitly apply to: non-Cartesian CMMs, although parties may apply it to non-Cartesian CMMs by mutual agreement; CMMs using other types of optical probing, although parties may apply this approach to other optical CMMs by mutual agreement; CMMs using contact probing systems (see ISO 10360-2 for contact probing systems). ISO 10360-7:2011 specifies performance requirements that can be assigned by the manufacturer or the user of a CMM, the manner of execution of the acceptance and reverification tests to demonstrate the stated requirements, rules for proving conformance, and applications for which the acceptance and reverification tests can be used.

ISO 10360-2:2009 specifies the acceptance tests for verifying the performance of a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) used for measuring linear dimensions as stated by the manufacturer. It also specifies the reverification tests that enable the user to periodically reverify the performance of the CMM. The acceptance and reverification tests given in ISO 10360-2:2009 are applicable only to Cartesian CMMs using contacting probing systems of any type operating in the discrete-point probing mode. ISO 10360-2:2009 does not explicitly apply to non-Cartesian CMMs or CMMs using optical probing. ISO 10360-2:2009 specifiesperformance requirements that can be assigned by the manufacturer or the user of a CMM, the manner of execution of the acceptance and reverification tests to demonstrate the stated requirements, rules for proving conformance, and applications for which the acceptance and reverification tests can be used.

ISO/TS 15530-4:2008 specifies requirements (for the manufacturer and the user) for the application of (simulation-based) uncertainty evaluating software (UES) to measurements made with coordinate measuring machines (CMMs), and gives informative descriptions of simulation techniques used for evaluating task-specific measurement uncertainty. ISO/TS 15530-4:2008 describes methods of testing such simulation software, along with advantages and disadvantages of various testing methods. ISO/TS 15530-4:2008 also describes various testing procedures for the evaluation of task specific uncertainty determination by simulation for specific measurement tasks carried out on CMMs, taking into account the measuring device, the environment, the measurement strategy and the object. This document describes the general procedures without restricting the possibilities of the technical realization. Guidelines for verification and evaluation of the simulation package are included.

ISO/TS 23165:2006 gives guidance for the application of the test described in ISO 10360-2, by explaining the evaluation of the test uncertainty required for ISO 14253-1.

ISO 10360-10:2016 specifies the acceptance tests for verifying the performance of a laser tracker by measuring calibrated test lengths, test spheres and flats according to the specifications of the manufacturer. It also specifies the reverification tests that enable the user to periodically reverify the performance of the laser tracker. The acceptance and reverification tests given in this part of ISO 10360 are applicable only to laser trackers utilizing a retro-reflector as a probing system. Laser trackers that use interferometry (IFM), absolute distance meter (ADM) measurement, or both can be verified using this part of ISO 10360. This part of ISO 10360 can also be used to specify and verify the relevant performance tests of other spherical coordinate measurement systems that use cooperative targets, such as "laser radar" systems. NOTE Systems, such as laser radar systems, which do not track the target, will not be tested for probing performance. ISO 10360-10:2016 does not explicitly apply to measuring systems that do not use a spherical coordinate system (i.e. two orthogonal rotary axes having a common intersection point with a third linear axis in the radial direction). However, the parties can apply this part of ISO 10360 to such systems by mutual agreement. ISO 10360-10:2016 specifies - performance requirements that can be assigned by the manufacturer or the user of the laser tracker, - the manner of execution of the acceptance and reverification tests to demonstrate the stated requirements, - rules for proving conformance, and - applications for which the acceptance and reverification tests can be used.

ISO 10360-5:2010 specifies acceptance and periodic reverification tests of CMM performance with contacting probing systems and is only applicable to CMMs using any type of contacting probing system, a discrete point probing mode, and spherical or hemispherical stylus tip(s). It complements ISO 10360-7, which is the module for CMMs with video probing systems, and ISO 10360-2, which is universal, i.e. not probe-type specific. ISO 10360-5:2010 applies to CMMs supplied with any of the following: single-stylus probing system; multi-stylus probing systems with fixed multiple styli attached to a single probe (e.g. “star” stylus); multiple probing systems such as those with a stylus for each of their probes; systems with articulating probing; stylus and probe changing systems; manual (non-driven) CMMs. ISO 10360-5:2010 is not applicable to non-contacting probing systems, which require different testing procedures.

ISO/TS 15530-3:2004 provides an experimental technique for simplifying the uncertainty evaluation of CMM measurements, whose approach (substitution measurements) leads to measurements being carried out in the same way as actual measurements, but using calibrated workpieces of similar dimension and geometry instead of the unknown workpieces to be measured.