ISO/TC 61/SC 10 - Cellular plastics

This document specifies methods for determining the compressive strength and corresponding relative deformation, the compressive stress at 10 % relative deformation, and the compressive modulus of rigid cellular plastics.

This document specifies a procedure of determining the shear strength of rigid cellular plastics. It also provides for the determination of shear modulus and shear strain.

This document specifies requirements for factory-made products of sheep wool, which are used for the thermal insulation of buildings. This document applies to material containing more than 50 % (by mass) natural sheep wool, with the balance being polymeric material. The products are delivered as a mat or board with or without facings. This document describes product characteristics and testing methods, marking, labelling and packaging. Products covered in this document are also used in prefabricated thermal insulation systems and composite panels; the performance of systems incorporating these products is not covered. The sheep wool mat and board thermal insulation is not to be used when the continuous service temperature of the substrate is outside the range of −60 °C to +80 °C. The use of mothproof agent residues is outside the scope of this document. This document does not address all the health and safety aspects associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate health and safety practices.

ISO 21844:2018 specifies material requirements and identifies the test methods to be used to determine these requirements for cellulose foam for thermal insulation for buildings and other applications. There are four categories of material characterized by the density of the material.

ISO 4898:2018 specifies requirements and methods of testing for three categories of rigid cellular plastics thermal-insulation products for buildings. It covers rigid cellular plastics in the form of flat or profiled boards, with or without natural skins. They can also be faced or laminated with foil, plastic or metal films or sheets, mineral coatings, paper, cardboard or other materials. ISO 4898:2018 is not applicable to materials used for the thermal insulation of pipes and vessels, for impact sound absorption or for acoustical insulation. ISO 4898:2018 covers the following cellular materials used in the thermal insulation of buildings: - PF based on phenolic polymer; - EPS based on expanded polystyrene; - XPS based on extruded polystyrene; - PUR based on polyurethane. The limiting quality values in this document are for use only in the specification of materials between purchaser and supplier, and are not intended to be used for design purposes. Additional requirements for special applications can be added to those specified in this document by agreement between purchaser and supplier.

ISO 7214:2012 specifies methods for testing flexible and semi-rigid cellular plastics made from polyethylene. Cellular plastics containing copolymers of ethylene or blends of polymers with polyethylene may also be tested by the procedures of this International Standard provided these materials have characteristics similar to polyethylene as described in ISO 1872-1, or copolymers of ethylene as described in ISO 4613-1. Mandatory tests suitable for characterization of cellular polyethylene, regardless of end use, and optional tests for the determination of properties that are relevant to certain uses are described.

ISO 1926:2009 specifies a method of determining the behaviour of rigid cellular plastics materials when they are subjected to a tensile stress. It applies primarily to cellular materials having a compression resistance sufficient to permit suitable gripping of the test specimens. If it is impossible to grip the test specimen, the method is modified so that the ends of the specimen are reinforced with metal plates.

ISO 20394:2007 specifies the equipment and procedures for determining the effect, on the mechanical properties and moisture content of a product, of the successive cycling of the product from dry conditions at -20 °C to wet conditions (water) at +20 °C. It is applicable to thermal-insulation products. The method is intended to simulate freeze-thaw effects on thermal-insulation products which are frequently exposed to water and low-temperature conditions, e.g. inverted roofs and unprotected ground insulation. This test method is not recommended for all thermal-insulation products. It will normally be clear from the product standard, if this International Standard is applicable to a particular product.

ISO 20392:2007 specifies equipment and procedures for determining the compressive creep of test specimens under various conditions of stress. It is applicable to thermal-insulation products.

ISO 20393:2007 specifies equipment and procedures for determining the long-term water absorption of test specimens by diffusion. It is intended for use with thermal-insulation products. It is designed to simulate the absorption of water by products subjected for a long period of time not only to high relative humidity, approximating to 100 %, on both sides but also to a water vapour pressure gradient, as experienced by e.g. inverted roof or unprotected ground insulation. The test is not applicable to all types of thermal-insulation product. The product standard should normally state whether this test is applicable to a particular product.

ISO 8873-2:2007 outlines requirements for the application of rigid cellular plastic spray polyurethane foam for thermal insulation. The primary application of the material is for use as thermal insulation. Spray polyurethane foam can also be used as the air barrier material which forms part of an air barrier assembly in buildings. Under specific application conditions, the material can be used in vapour barrier applications in a building assembly (details of the conditions can be obtained from the manufacturer). The application requirements are for the installation of spray polyurethane foam whether applied on a building site or in a prefabrication (manufacturing) facility. ISO 8873-2:2007 can be used for non-building applications when agreed to by the supplier and the purchaser. The requirements include obligations for the manufacturer, the contractor and the installer. The requirements include the selection of chemical components, application requirements, quality control and documentation of the application, limitations for the application and requirements for safety and for disposal of associated waste material and packaging.

ISO 8873-3:2007 specifies the test procedures that are to be used when testing spray-applied polyurethane foam materials to verify that they meet the requirements given in ISO 8873-1:2006.

ISO 1209-2:2007 specifies a method for determining the flexural strength and the apparent flexural modulus of elasticity of rigid cellular plastics.

ISO 1209-1:2007 specifies a simple method for assessing the behaviour of a bar of rigid cellular plastic under the action of three-point bending. It may be used to determine either the load for a specified deformation or the load at break. The version of the method specified uses small test specimens and does not produce pure bending. Hence it does not permit the calculation of the flexural strength or the apparent flexural modulus (modulus of elasticity). The user is referred to ISO 1209-2 for the determination of these parameters. The method is not applicable to cellular plastics in which significant crushing is observed. Numerical values should be compared only when determined on materials of similar physical properties and dimensions. The method is limited to materials of 20 mm thickness or greater.

ISO 1663:2007 specifies a method of determining the water vapour transmission rate, water vapour permeance, water vapour permeability and water vapour diffusion resistance index for rigid cellular plastics. The scope of this method provides for the testing of rigid cellular materials that have thicknesses from 10 mm upwards and which may, as an integral part of the material, contain natural skins or adhered facings of some different material. Three different sets of temperature and humidity conditions are provided, as follows: 38 °C and a relative-humidity gradient across the test specimen of 0 % to 88 %; 23 °C and a relative-humidity gradient across the test specimen of 0 % to 85 %; 23 °C and a relative-humidity gradient across the test specimen of 0 % to of 50 %. The results obtained by this method are suitable for design purposes and production control, and for inclusion in product specifications. The method is suitable for materials which have water vapour transmission rates in the range 3 ng/(m2.s) to 200 ng/(m2.s).

ISO 8873-1:2006 specifies minimum requirements and test methods for spray-applied polyurethane rigid cellular plastic, used as a thermal insulation for both building, whether applied on a building site or in a prefabrication (manufacturing) facility, and non-building applications. The material is also known as in-situ thermal insulation. The spray-applied polyurethane rigid cellular plastic thermal insulation is not to be used when the continuous service temperature of the substrate is outside the range of -60 °C to +80 °C. The test methods used to determine the material properties provide a means of comparing different cellular plastic thermal insulations. They are intended for use in specifications, product evaluations and quality control. They are not intended to predict end-use product performance.

ISO 845:2006 specifies a method for determining the apparent overall density and the apparent core density of cellular plastics and rubbers. If the material to be tested includes skins formed during a moulding/extrusion, the apparent overall density or the apparent core density, or both, can be determined. If the material does not have skins formed during moulding, the term "overall density" is not applicable.

ISO 9774:2004 gives guidelines to the standards writer in selecting thermal-insulation material properties for standards used in building applications. These guidelines are not intended to prove the suitability of any particular product for any given application. The standard applies only to prefabricated thermal-insulation products, i.e. manufactured mats and boards including any facings or coverings which may be present, although the basic characteristics may also be applied to other insulation products, e.g. in situ in systems or components, where appropriate. The standard covers only thermal-insulation products for use in buildings within normal climatic conditions. It does not cover insulation products for building services, e.g. plumbing and heating, nor insulation products for industrial use. Acoustic properties are not included in the properties given in the standard, although these may be additionally required for some fields of application.

This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the mass loss of rigid cellular plastics as a result of a combination of abrasion and impact produced by a laboratory tumbling mechanism.

This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the water absorption of rigid cellular plastics by measuring the buoyant force on a test specimen after immersion under a 50 mm head of water for 4 days. Corrections are specified to take account of any change in volume of the specimen and also to correct for the volume of water in the cut surface cells of the specimen. The water absorption is expressed as the average, for several specimens, of the percentage increase in volume relative to the original volume. The method described is intended for quality control and for use in product specifications.

Contains the basic test procedures for the determination of the physical properties of these plastics. Also specifies the primary methods to be used for comparison of materials similar to materials as defined in clause 3. Likewise permits the use of the same test methods, when found to be suitable for the assessment of the properties of products of different thickness, when agreed upon by the supplier and the purchaser.

Specifies a method for the determination of compressive creep of rigid cellular plastics under specified conditions of load, temperature and time. Test specimes in form or rectangular parallelepipeds are placed between two flat plates and the specified load is applied a) at standard conditions and b) at agreed conditions of temperture and time. The difference in compressive deformation of the loaded specimen at standard atmospheric conditions and at elevated temperature shall be calculated.

Specifies a method for the determination of compressive creep of rigid cellular plastics under specified conditions of load, temperature, relative humidity and time. Test specimes in form or rectangular parallelepipeds are placed between two flat plates and the specified load is applied as follows: procedure A) at standard conditions and procedure B) at agreed conditions of temperture and time. The difference in compressive deformation of the loaded specimen at standard atmospheric conditions and at elevated temperature after specified time shall be calculated.

Determination of the changes of linear dimensions which occur when the test specimens (100 mm x 100 mm x 25 mm) have been subjected to specified environments for a definite period of time and reconditioned. The method suggests a range of conditions of temperature and humidity, from which one or more of the desired test conditions can be selected.

Specifies two methods for determing the coefficient of linear thermal expansion. Method A is the preferred method, it gives a value on a large sample at a chosen temperature. Method B should be employed to obtain an average coefficient for the temperature interval between the cryogenic temperature and the ambient temperature. In an annex the test apparatures for both methods are described in detail.

Specification of the characteristics and the choice of the measuring equipment and procedure for determination of the linear dimensions of sheets, blocks or test specimens of ceelular material (flexible and rigid). Depending on the range of the dimensions to be measured different measuring instruments are recommended.

ISO 17738-1:2017 outlines requirements for exterior insulation and finish systems (EIFS), used in combination with a drained air space as an exterior wall cladding system. It also outlines the requirements for water resistive barrier systems that are to be used with EIFS. The EIFS wall cladding system is comprised of liquid-applied water resistive barrier, an adhesive for attachment of the thermal insulation boards to the substrate, rigid thermal insulation boards, a glass fibre reinforcing mesh embedded in a base coat on the face of the thermal insulation boards and a finish coat. The use of mechanical fasteners is outside the scope of this document, but is acceptable as a complement and/or as an alternate to adhesive for attachment where the substrate will not support adhesive attachment of the EIFS. In EIFS, the thermal insulation boards support the base coat with integral glass fibre reinforcing mesh. Systems where the reinforcement is the supporting element of the rendering, e.g. conventional stucco, are not covered by this document. ISO 17738-1:2017 does not purport to address all the health and safety aspects associated with its use. Anyone using this document has the responsibility to consult the appropriate authorities and to establish health and safety practices, in conjunction with any existing applicable regulatory requirements, prior to its use.

ISO 844:2014 specifies a method of determining a) the compressive strength and corresponding relative deformation, or b) the compressive stress at 10 % relative deformation, and c) when desired, the compressive modulus of rigid cellular plastics. There are two procedures: - Procedure A employs crosshead motion for determination of compressive properties. Procedure A is intended to be used when compressive stress at 10 % relative deformation has to be determined. - Procedure B employs strain measuring devices mounted on the specimen (contact extensometer) or similar device which measures directly sample deformation. Procedure B is intended to be used when compressive modulus has to be determined.

ISO 1922:2012 specifies a method of determining the shear strength of rigid cellular plastics. It also provides for the optional determination of shear modulus.

ISO 4898:2010 specifies requirements and methods of testing for four categories of rigid cellular plastics thermal-insulation products for buildings. It covers rigid cellular plastics in the form of flat or profiled boards, with or without natural skins. They may also be faced or laminated with foil, plastic or metal films or sheets, mineral coatings, paper, cardboard or other materials. It is not applicable to materials used for the thermal insulation of pipes and vessels, for impact sound absorption or for acoustical insulation. It covers the following cellular materials used in the thermal insulation of buildings: PF based on phenolic polymer; EPS based on expanded polystyrene; XPS based on extruded polystyrene; PUR based on polyurethane.

ISO 4898:2008 specifies requirements and methods of testing for four categories of rigid cellular plastics thermal-insulation products for buildings. It covers rigid cellular plastics in the form of flat or profiled boards, with or without natural skins. They may also be faced or laminated with foil, plastic or metal films or sheets, mineral coatings, paper, cardboard or other materials. It is not applicable to materials used for the thermal insulation of pipes and vessels, for impact sound absorption or for acoustical insulation. It covers the following cellular materials used in the thermal insulation of buildings: — PF based on phenolic polymer; — EPS based on expanded polystyrene; — XPS based on extruded polystyrene; — PUR based on polyurethane.

ISO 7214:2007 specifies methods for testing flexible and semi-rigid cellular plastics made from polyethylene. Cellular plastics containing copolymers of ethylene or blends of polymers with polyethylene may also be tested by the procedures of this International Standard provided these materials have characteristics similar to polyethylene or copolymers of ethylene. The tests are divided into mandatory tests suitable for characterization of cellular polyethylene regardless of end use, and optional tests for the determination of properties that are relevant to certain uses only.

ISO 844:2007 specifies a method of determining a) the compressive strength and corresponding relative deformation or b) the compressive stress at 10 % relative deformation and c) when desired, the compressive modulus of rigid cellular plastics.

ISO 4898:2006 specifies requirements and methods of testing for four categories of rigid cellular plastics thermal-insulation products for buildings. It covers rigid cellular plastics in the form of flat or profiled boards, with or without natural skins. They may also be faced or laminated with foil, plastic or metal films or sheets, mineral coatings, paper, cardboard or other materials. It is not applicable to materials used for the thermal insulation of pipes and vessels, for impact sound absorption or for acoustical insulation. It covers the following cellular materials used in the thermal insulation of buildings: PF based on phenolic polymer; EPS based on expanded polystyrene; XPS based on extruded polystyrene; PUR based on polyurethane.

ISO 1926:2005 specifies a method of determining the behaviour of rigid cellular plastics materials when they are subjected to a tensile stress. It applies primarily to cellular materials having a compression resistance sufficient to permit suitable gripping of the test specimens. If it is impossible to grip the test specimen, the method is modified so that the ends of the specimen are reinforced with metal plates.

ISO 4898:2004 specifies requirements and methods of testing for three categories of rigid cellular plastics thermal-insulation products for buildings. It covers rigid cellular plastics in the form of flat or profiled boards, with or without natural skins. They may also be faced or laminated with foil, plastic or metal films or sheets, mineral coatings, paper, cardboard or other materials. This International Standard is not applicable to materials used for the thermal insulation of pipes and vessels, for impact sound absorption or for acoustical insulation. This International Standard covers the following cellular materials used in the thermal insulation of buildings: RC/PS based on polystyrene; RC/PUR based on polyurethanes made with isocyanates; RC/PF based on phenolic polymer.

ISO 1209-2:2004 specifies a method for determining the flexural strength and the apparent flexural modulus of elasticity of rigid cellular plastics.

ISO 1209-1:2004 specifies a simple method for assessing the behaviour of a bar of rigid cellular plastic under the action of three-point bending. It may be used to determine either the load for a specified deformation or the load at break. The version of the method specified uses small test specimens and does not produce pure bending. Hence it does not permit the calculation of the flexural strength or the apparent flexural modulus (modulus of elasticity). The user is referred to ISO 1209-2 for the determination of these parameters. The method is not applicable to cellular plastics in which significant crushing is observed. Numerical values should be compared only when determined on materials of similar physical properties and dimensions. The method is limited to materials of 20 mm thickness or greater.

ISO 844:2004 specifies a method of determining a) the compressive strength and corresponding relative deformation or b) the compressive stress at 10 % relative deformation and c) when desired, the compressive modulus of rigid cellular plastics.

This International Standard specifies a general procedure for the determination of the volume percentage of open and of closed cells of rigid cellular plastics, by measurement first of the geometrical volume and then of the air-impenetrable volume of test specimens. The procedure includes the correction of the apparent open-cell volume by taking into account the surface cells opened by cutting during specimen preparation. Two alternative methods (method 1 and method 2), and corresponding apparatus, are specified for the measurement of the impenetrable volume. The results obtained from method 2 are intended to be used for comparison purposes only.

Table 3: in the "Performance characteristics" column, line f, right-hand side, replace "between 20°C" by "between 20°C and 60°C".

Specifies a method of test for assessing the behaviour of a bar of rigid cellular plastic under the action of three-point bending. It may be used to determine either the load for a specified deformation or the load at break. The method is not applicable to brittle cellular plastics and is limited to materials of 20 mm thickness or greater. A load is applied at a uniform rate by means of a loading edge to a test specimen supported at two positions. The load is applied perpendicularly in the middle between the two positions. The load at a specified deflection or at break is recorded. Cancels and replaces ISO 1209:1976.