ISO/TC 61 - Plastics

This document specifies requirements for factory made, self-supporting, double skin metal‑faced insulating sandwich panels where the insulating core materials are intended to be but not limited to cellular plastics and mineral wool as defined below. The sandwich panels are intended for discontinuous laying in the following applications: roofs and roof cladding; external walls and wall cladding. The insulating core materials covered by this document are rigid polyurethane foam (PUR), polyisocyanurate foam (PIR), expanded polystyrene foam (EPS), extruded polystyrene foam (XPS), phenolic foam (PF) and mineral wool. Sandwich panels with edge details that utilize different materials from the main insulating core are included in this document. Sandwich panels used in outdoor cold storage applications are included in this document. This document does not cover the following: sandwich panels with a declared thermal conductivity for the insulating core material greater than 0,06 W/m·K at 10 °C, or greater than 0,06 W/m·K at 23 °C; sandwich panels consisting of two or more clearly defined layers of different insulating core materials (multi-layered); sandwich panels consisting of more than one metal sheet per face; sandwich panels with perforated facing(s); curved sandwich panels; indoor cold storage applications.

This document specifies a method for determining the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions by gravimetric measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide evolved. The method is designed to yield an optimum rate of biodegradation by adjusting the humidity, aeration and temperature of the composting vessel. The method applies to the following materials: natural and/or synthetic polymers and copolymers, and mixtures of these; plastic materials that contain additives such as plasticizers or colorants; water-soluble polymers; materials that, under the test conditions, do not inhibit the activity of microorganisms present in the inoculum. NOTE If the test material inhibits microorganisms in the inoculum, another type of mature compost or pre-exposure compost can be used.

This document gives the specifications of the thermoplastic water meter cabinets. It specifies the thickness of material, design drawing, dimensions and accessories incorporated into the construction of it for pipe sizes from 12,7 mm to 31,75 mm.

This document specifies geometrical and dimensional tolerances for plastic moulded parts including: limits of technical manufacturability according to the manufacturing effort for direct tolerances; general tolerances of plastic moulded parts; acceptance conditions of plastic moulded parts; modification of the drawing default according to ISO 8015, in accordance to the environmental conditions common in the plastics industry. This document is applicable to non-porous moulded parts made from thermoplastics, thermoplastic elastomers and thermosets of thermoplastics, made by injection moulding, injection compression moulding, transfer moulding, compression moulding and rotational moulding. This document is applicable to other plastic processes, if agreed to by the contractual parties. Moulded part surface imperfections such as sink marks, undesired flow structures and roughness, as well as joint lines are not addressed in this document.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the apparent volatile-matter content in pre-impregnated yarns, tapes, mats (SMC) and fabrics. The method is applicable to all unidirectional and multidirectional fibre-reinforced prepregs and all thermosetting-resin matrices, unless otherwise specified in product specifications. The method does not apply to unimpregnated reinforcement fibres. NOTE For products with a polyester-resin matrix (UP), the result will be lower than the real value.

This document explores and analyses the differences in the three-point bending test between circular-section tubes and cambered triangular thin-walled tubes, both fabricated from fibre-reinforced plastic, in view of the asymmetric characteristic of the cross-section of cambered triangular thin-walled tubes.

This document specifies methods for determining the compressive strength, the corresponding compressive strain, the compressive stress at 10 % nominal compressive strain, and the compressive modulus of rigid cellular plastics. Two procedures are specified. Procedure A and Procedure B. Procedure A utilizes the compression plate displacement for the nominal property determination. It is used to determine: compressive strength and the corresponding nominal compressive strain; compressive stress at 10 % nominal compressive strain; nominal compressive modulus. Procedure B uses an extensometer and determines the conventional properties. It is used to determine: compressive strength and the corresponding compressive strain; compressive modulus.

This document describes a method that demonstrates the use of polyethylene reference film (PERF) for monitoring laboratory and outdoor conditions as a weathering reference material in weathering tests used for plastics.

This document establishes a designation system of recycled carbon fibres, which can be used as the basis for specification. This designation system is applicable to recycled carbon fibres used for polymer composites. The types of recycled carbon fibres are differentiated by a designation system based on appropriate levels of the designatory properties: tensile modulus of elasticity. tensile strength. NOTE One to five designatory property(s) that differentiate recycled carbon fibre types from each other is (are) assigned.

This document specifies the determination of aldehydes and ketones content in polyether polyols and polymer polyols by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This document is applicable to the determination of formaldehyde (HCHO), acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), acrolein (CH2=CHCHO) and acetone (CH3COCH3) in polyether polyols and polymer polyols.

This document establishes a method for measurement of specific heat capacity, cp, using temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry.

This document specifies general methods, with suitable test conditions, for the determination of the ash of a range of plastics. The particular conditions chosen can be included in the specifications for the plastic material in question. Particular conditions applicable to poly(alkylene terephthalate) materials, unplasticized cellulose acetate, polyamides and poly(vinyl chloride) plastics, including some specific filled, glass-fibre-reinforced and flame-retarded materials, are specified in ISO 3451-2, ISO 3451-3, ISO 3451-4 and ISO 3451-5.

This document specifies a method for the determination of di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) and 2, 5-Dimethyl-2, 5-di (tert-butylperoxy) hexane (DBPH) in plastics by using gas chromatography. This document is applicable to the determination of the content of residual peroxides in plastics and their products, which use peroxides as a degradation agent or crosslinking agent during plastics processing, or as an additive during polymerization, thereby remaining in degraded polypropylene, crosslinked polyethylene, polystyrene and other plastics. NOTE The applicability of this method to other peroxides is possible when the method is validated for each case.

This document specifies a method for exposing plastics to concentrated solar radiation using reflecting concentrators to accelerate the weathering processes. The purpose is to assess property changes produced after specified stages of such exposures. The reflecting concentrators used in these exposures are sometimes referred to as “Fresnel reflectors” because, in cross-section, the array of mirrors used to concentrate the solar radiation resembles the cross-section of a Fresnel lens. General guidance concerning the scope of the ISO 877 series is given in ISO 877-1. NOTE Additional information about solar concentrating exposures, including a partial list of standards in which they are specified, is given in the Bibliography.

This document establishes a model-free approach for the isoconversional kinetic analysis of chemical reactions and phase transitions. The isoconversional principle is based on the assumption that the reaction rate at a given conversion depends solely on the temperature, i.e. is independent on the scan rate. This document establishes a method for the determination of the activation energy as a function of the conversion of the reaction or transition. The method is applicable to dynamic and isothermal temperature program measurements done by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) or thermogravimetry (TG). It can be applicable to other measurement techniques, too, that enable the determination of conversion curves. The method is applicable to the prediction of the kinetic behaviour of reactions and transitions even in temperature regions that are not experimentally accessible. The method is not applicable in the glassy state of polymers.

This document describes a test method of exposing specimens to artificial UV radiation in combination with a creep load. This method uses UV radiation source and ISO 899-1 for the tensile creep test. Fluorescent UV lamps specified in ISO 4892-3 or UVC lamp can be used as UV radiation sources. NOTE UVC exposure is described in IEC 60335-1.

This document specifies the determination of the total chlorine content of aromatic isocyanates used in the preparation of polyurethanes. The difference between the total chlorine content and the hydrolyzable chlorine content (see ISO 15028) is a measure of the process solvents left in the product. All the test methods are applicable to a variety of organic compounds, including aliphatic isocyanates, but the amount of sample used might need to be adjusted. These test methods can be used for research or for quality control.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the penetration temperature of thermoplastics using thermomechanical analysis (TMA). NOTE This method can also be used to measure the softening point.

This document specifies an instrumental method for determining the yellowness index and change in yellowness index on clear, translucent, or opaque plastics. NOTE Change in yellowness index is often used to evaluate the effect of environment, e.g. heat, UV exposure, etc., on colour stability.

This document specifies a gradient column method for the determination of the density of non-cellular moulded or extruded plastics or pellets in void-free form.

This document specifies the methods commonly available for separating adhesively bonded joints enabling repair and improving recycling. This document applies to adherends made of metallic and non-metallic inorganic material, plastics including both filler-containing and fibre-reinforced types, wood and wood-based materials, coated materials, adherends of natural and polymeric fibres as well as paper and cardboard.

This document specifies a method for determining the Charpy impact strength of plastics under defined conditions. It defines a number of different types of specimen and test configurations. It also specifies different test parameters according to the type of material, the type of test specimen and the type of notch. The method described in this document can be used to investigate the behaviour of specified types of specimen under the impact conditions defined and for estimating the brittleness or toughness of specimens within the limitations inherent in the test conditions. It can also be used for the determination of comparative data from similar types of material.

This document specifies two methods for the determination of the chlorine content of homopolymers and copolymers of vinyl chloride, free from plasticizers or additives, namely: method A (combustion in a bomb); method B (combustion in a flask).

This document specifies a method of measuring smoke production from the exposed surface of specimens of materials or composites. It is applicable to specimens that have an essentially flat surface and do not exceed 25 mm in thickness when placed in a horizontal orientation and subjected to specified levels of thermal irradiance in a closed cabinet with or without the application of a pilot flame. This method of test is applicable to all plastics. It is intended that the values of optical density determined by this test be taken as specific to the specimen or assembly material in the form and thickness tested and are not to be considered inherent, fundamental properties. The test is intended primarily for use in research and development and fire safety engineering in buildings, trains, ships, etc. and not as a basis for ratings for building codes or other purposes. No basis is provided for predicting the density of smoke that can be generated by the materials upon exposure to heat and flame under other (actual) exposure conditions. This test procedure excludes the effect of irritants on the eye. NOTE This test procedure addresses the loss of visibility due to smoke density, which generally is not related to irritancy potency (see Annex E). It is emphasized that smoke production from a material varies according to the irradiance level to which the specimen is exposed. The results yielded from the method specified in this document are based on exposure to the specific irradiance levels of 25 kW/m2 and 50 kW/m2.

This document specifies a mould (designated the type F ISO mould) for the injection moulding of plates with a preferred size of 80 mm × 120 mm, and a preferred thickness of 2 mm for single-point and multi-point data acquisition. Suitable test specimens according to ISO 20753 type A22 or B3 are then machined or stamped from the plates and used to obtain information on the anisotropy. For the design of plastic parts, this will provide upper and lower bounds for the tensile properties. Investigation of the anisotropy of materials is a special procedure intended to provide guidance in the design of mouldings for end-use applications and is not intended as a quality control tool. In the injection moulding of thermoplastic materials, the flow of molten polymer can influence the orientation of fillers such as fibreglass or the orientation of polymer chains, resulting in anisotropic behaviour. For the purposes of this document, the flow direction is defined as the direction from the gate to the far end of the mould cavity and the cross direction as the direction perpendicular to the flow direction. The type F mould is not intended to replace the type D mould used to determine the moulding shrinkage of thermoplastics.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the gas-transmission rate of any plastic material in the form of film, sheeting, laminate, co-extruded material or flexible plastic-coated material. Specific examples, currently in use, of the method are described in the annexes.

This document specifies the requirements and test methods for solid flat extruded sheets of impact-modified acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer materials: — acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), — acrylonitrile-(ethylene-propylene-diene)-styrene (AEPDS) (commonly known as AES), and — acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate (ASA), without fillers or reinforcing materials. This document also applies to ABS, AEPDS and ASA sheet in rolled form. It applies only to thicknesses from 0,25 mm to 20,0 mm.

This document establishes the terms, definitions, methodologies and calculations that are necessary for the recovery and recycling of waste from plastic products and materials labelled as industrially compostable through organic recycling. It identifies the different types of organic recycling technologies used in the recovery and subsequent recycling of industrially compostable plastics waste arising from pre-consumer and post-consumer sources. It also establishes the requirements and calculations to be considered in evaluating organic recycling inputs and outputs and determining output classifications for the recycling operation and the downstream integration points. This document also outlines general quality requirements to be applied in all steps of the recovery process, and provides general recommendations for inclusion in material standards, test standards and product specifications. The process stages, requirements, recommendations and terminology presented in this document are intended to be of general applicability. This document does not establish test methods and criteria for the definition of the organic recyclability (e.g. compostability) of plastic materials and products. This document refers to plastic waste deriving from products that have been classified as suitable for recovery through organic recycling by the relevant reference standards (e.g. ISO 17088, ISO 18606), and therefore labelled as industrially compostable. These products are generally called “industrially compostable” (e.g. compostable bag, compostable tableware) meaning “suitable for organic recycling”, independently of the treatment technology used for recycling (whether it is composting, or a combination of anaerobic digestion and composting, or only anaerobic digestion). This document does not address home composting because this gardening practice cannot be classified as recycling.

This document defines a method for testing the low-temperature cracking index of thermosetting resin-based materials. The test method described in this document is suitable for quantifying and comparing the low-temperature cracking of thermosetting resin-based materials in laboratory settings. This document does not refer to thermosetting resin-based materials that can also crack at 0 °C and above.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the thermal stability at elevated temperature of compounds and products based on vinyl chloride homopolymers and copolymers (in the following text abbreviated as PVC) which undergo dehydrochlorination (the evolution of hydrogen chloride). This document is applicable to the characterization of PVC compounds and products, especially with regard to the effectiveness of their heat-stabilizing systems. It is applicable to coloured PVC compounds and products where a discolouration test under the action of heat can be unsatisfactory. This document is applicable to compounded PVC materials and products. It can be applicable to polymers in powder form under appropriate conditions, depending on the agreement between the interested parties. This document does not apply to PVC compounds in the form of dry blends, since such materials might not be sufficiently homogeneous. This document does not apply to PVC compounds and products which evolve other decomposition products, in addition to hydrogen chloride, at elevated temperatures that can affect the conductivity of water when they are absorbed into it. NOTE In this case, ISO 182-4 [2] provides the suitable method for the determination of chloride ion (Cl−) in the absorbing solution. This document can also be applied to other plastics materials which can evolve hydrogen chloride or other hydrogen halides when heated under the conditions prescribed by the relevant specifications, or as agreed upon between the interested parties.

This document specifies requirements and methods of testing for three categories of rigid cellular plastics thermal-insulation products for buildings. It covers rigid cellular plastics in the form of flat or profiled boards, with or without natural skins. They can also be faced or laminated with foil, plastic or metal films or sheets, mineral coatings, paper, cardboard, or other materials. This document is not applicable to materials used for the thermal insulation of pipes and vessels, for impact sound absorption or for acoustical insulation. This document covers the following cellular materials used in the thermal insulation of buildings: — PF based on phenolic polymer; — EPS based on expanded polystyrene; — XPS based on extruded polystyrene; — PUR based on polyurethane. The limiting quality values in this document are for use only in the specification of materials between purchaser and supplier.

This document specifies the principal method for out-of-plane laser shearography non-destructive testing (NDT) of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. This document is applicable to both monolithic and sandwich FRP laminate constructions, with or without curved surfaces, fibre-reinforced thermoset and thermoplastic matrix composites incorporating uni- or multi-directional reinforcements in either a continuous or discontinuous format; including but not limited to woven fabrics, stitched fabrics, short fibre, or particulate filled, honeycomb or foam cores, as well as combination or hybrid reinforcements. This document is not applicable to variations on this basic configuration.

This document specifies methods for determining changes in colour and other appearance properties, and variations in mechanical or other properties, of plastics that have been exposed to glass-filtered solar radiation, to natural weathering or to simulated solar radiation from a laboratory source. The procedure used to analyse data depends on whether the test used to characterize the materials being exposed is destructive or non-destructive. The exposures are conducted under conditions specified in specific exposure standards (e.g. the ISO 877 series and the ISO 4892 series).

This document describes procedures for mechanized ultrasonic testing of FRP composite materials using array probes in conjunction with the application of synthetic focusing signal processing algorithms, as well as testing using air-coupled ultrasonic probes and the evaluation of the test result. This document is intended for array ultrasonic testing (A-UT) and for air-coupled ultrasonic testing (AC-UT) techniques applied to non-destructive testing of carbon fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) and glass fibre-reinforced plastic (GFRP) composites with thermoset or thermoplastic matrices. The procedures are primarily intended for inspection of continuous unidirectional or multidirectional composites; however, this does not exclude their use on other formats of structural composites including woven and stitched fabrics and pultrusions. The techniques contained within this document are intended to be used on flat, plane test objects where the material thickness differs by less than 20 %. This document addresses ultrasonic testing via contact or immersion techniques using ultrasonic array probes as well as testing in pitch-catch or through-transmission technique using single element air-coupled ultrasonic probes.

This document specifies a reference method for the determination of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions into indoor air from floor covering adhesives and products used for flooring installation. This method is used to determine volatile organic compounds, semi-volatile organic compounds, and volatile aldehydes. It is based on the use of a test chamber and subsequent analysis of an air sample for organic compounds by GC-MS respectively HPLC. The main purpose of the test procedure is to obtain relevant performance data for the classification of flooring adhesives and products used for the installation of floor coverings with respect to low VOC emissions during the use phase of the flooring.

This document specifies frequency and methods for the verification of pendulum impact-testing machines used for the Charpy impact test, Izod impact test, and tensile impact test described in ISO 179-1, ISO 180 and ISO 8256, respectively. Verification of instrumented impact machines is covered insofar as the geometrical and physical properties of instrumented machines are identical to non-instrumented machines. The force/work verification of instrumented machines is not covered in this document. This document is applicable to pendulum-type impact-testing machines, of different capacities and/or designs, with the geometrical and physical properties specified in REF Section_sec_5 \r \h Clause 5. Methods are specified for verification of the geometrical and physical properties of the different parts of the test machine. These methods are for use when the machine is being installed, has been repaired, has been moved, or is undergoing periodic checking.

This document provides information and general guidance on the selection and use of the methods of exposure to solar radiation described in detail in subsequent parts of the ISO 877 series. These methods of exposure to solar radiation are applicable to plastics materials of all kinds as well as to products and portions of products. It also specifies methods for determining radiant exposure. It does not include direct weathering using black-box test fixtures, which simulate higher end-use temperatures in some applications. NOTE ASTM G7 and ASTM D4141 describe black-box exposure tests.

This document specifies a method used for the determination of the temperature of deflection under load of specified plastics (including fibre-reinforced plastics in which the fibre length is, prior to processing, greater than 7,5 mm) under defined conditions. A number of different test conditions are defined, depending on the anticipated specimen dimensions. For additional information, see ISO 75-1:2020, Clause 1.

This document specifies a method for the direct exposure of plastics to solar radiation (method A) and a method for the exposure of plastics to glass-filtered solar radiation (exposure behind window glass) (method B). The purpose is to assess property changes produced after specified stages of such exposures. General guidance concerning the scope of the ISO 877 series[ REF Reference_ref_2 \r \h 1 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000100000005200650066006500720065006E00630065005F007200650066005F0032000000 ] is given in ISO 877-1.

This document establishes requirements and specifications of the bulk moulding compound (BMC) and dough moulding compound (DMC) with or without thickening agents. This document is applicable to BMC and DMC, which are different types of preimpregnated product used for the production, by moulding, of various parts made of composite materials. The scope is not limited to types of fibres and resins.

This document specifies methods for the determination of components in plastics that can be extracted by hot organic liquids near their boiling points. It also specifies a special extraction method called cold-extraction. The extractable components can be monomers, oligomers, polymers, plasticizers, stabilizers, etc. The kind and percentage of extractable matter influence the properties of plastics. This document does not apply to plastics that come into contact with food or drinking water, because special regulations for those plastics are established in many countries. The methods of this document are not intended to be used for migration tests. If this document is used to test plastics other than those mentioned in Table 1, the operating conditions are intended to be agreed upon by the interested parties.

This document presents the main differences between the standards for working towers made of prefabricated elements in some regions and countries. It provides an analysis of different aspects, including product title, material performance, grade division, dimension requirements, product structure and design, test methods and fall prevention measures. This document gives guidance for the discussion of relevant technologies of working towers made of fibre-reinforced plastics, and also prepares for further development of applicable global technical standards for working towers.

This document specifies three methods for the determination of the density of non-cellular plastics in the form of void-free moulded or extruded objects, as well as powders, flakes and granules. — Method A: Immersion method, for solid plastics (except for powders) in void-free form. — Method B: Liquid pycnometer method, for particles, powders, flakes, granules or small pieces of finished parts. — Method C: Titration method, for plastics in any void-free form. NOTE Density is frequently used to follow variations in physical structure or composition of plastic materials. Density can also be useful in assessing the uniformity of samples or specimens. Often, the density of plastic materials depend upon the choice of specimen preparation method. When this is the case, precise details of the specimen preparation method are intended to be included in the appropriate material specification. This note is applicable to all three methods. Annex C provides further information for calculating the volume of the specimen used for the determination of the density in the case that method A (the immersion method) is applied.

1.1 This document specifies the test conditions for determining the tensile properties of moulding and extrusion plastics, based upon the general principles given in ISO 527-1. 1.2 The methods are selectively suitable for use with the following range of materials in the preferred thickness, or, in case of specimen machined from moulded parts in the thickness as moulded: — rigid and semi-rigid thermoplastics moulding, extrusion and cast materials, including compounds filled and reinforced by, for example, short fibres, small rods, plates or granules but excluding textile fibres (see ISO 527-4 and ISO 527-5). NOTE See ISO 527-1:2019, Clause 3 for the definition of "rigid" and "semi-rigid". — rigid and semi-rigid thermosetting moulding and cast materials, including filled and reinforced compounds but excluding textile fibres as reinforcement (see ISO 527-4 and ISO 527-5); — thermotropic liquid crystal polymers. The methods are not normally suitable for use with rigid cellular materials or sandwich structures containing cellular material. For rigid cellular materials, see ISO 1926. The methods are not suitable for flexible films and sheets, of thickness smaller than 1 mm, see ISO 527-3. 1.3 The methods are applied using specimens which can be either moulded to the chosen dimensions or machined, cut or punched from injection‑ or compression‑moulded plates. The multipurpose test specimen is preferred (see ISO 20753).

This document specifies methods for the determination of oxidation induction time (isothermal OIT) and oxidation induction temperature (dynamic OIT) of polymeric materials by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It is applicable to polyolefin resins that are in a fully stabilized or compounded form, either as raw materials or finished products. It can be applicable to other plastics.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the temperatures and enthalpies of melting and crystallization of crystalline or partially crystalline plastics using conventional DSC as specified in ISO 11357-1. This document is not applicable to fast DSC as specified in ISO 23976.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of puncture impact properties of a plastic film using instruments for measuring force and deflection. It is applicable if a force-deflection or force-time diagram, recorded at nominally constant striker velocity, is required for detailed characterization of the impact behaviour. This test method is also used when a small number of test specimens are available, and the staircase method described in the ISO 7765-1 cannot be applied. The test method is applicable to films of up to 1 mm thickness and makes it possible to compare impact-penetration forces, biaxial deformabilities and energy-absorption capacities of films. Also, the transition region between brittle and tough behaviour of the film under the conditions of testing can be determined by varying the temperature or the penetration velocity or the relative humidity.[ REF Reference_ref_7 \r \h 4 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000100000005200650066006500720065006E00630065005F007200650066005F0037000000 ]

This document specifies a method for determining the scratch properties of plastics under defined conditions. The method defined in this document is used to investigate the behaviour of specified types of specimens under the scratch conditions defined and for classifying the type of scratch of specimens within the limitations inherent in the test conditions. It can also be used to determine comparative data for different types of material by means of a so-called scratch map in which the types of scratch behaviour for each set of test conditions of test load and test speed are determined using the basic method of constant-load testing, and also by means of the so-called critical normal load determined using an alternative method of linearly increasing load testing. The method is suitable for use with the following range of materials. — thermoplastic moulding, extrusion and casting materials, including filled and reinforced compounds in addition to unfilled types; — thermosetting moulding materials, including filled and reinforced compounds; — thermosetting sheets, rigid thermoplastic moulding and extrusion materials, including filled and reinforced compounds in addition to unfilled types. The method specifies the preferred dimensions for the test specimen and the preferred scratch-tip geometry.

This document describes procedures for determining the specific volume of plastics as a function of temperature and pressure in both the molten and solid states. This document specifies the use of a piston-equipped apparatus in which the test sample, held in a measurement cell, is pressurized by means of the piston. Measurements under conditions of constant pressure or constant temperature can be made. NOTE For the acquisition of data needed for processing design, the isobaric cooling method is found to be more useful, see ISO 17282. The result of this measurement cannot be used directly for injection-moulding simulation. This document is used to obtain: — pvT diagrams that represent the relationship which exists between pressure, specific volume and temperature for a given material; — volumetric compressibility and volumetric thermal-expansion coefficients; — information on first-order and glass transitions as a function of temperature and pressure.