96/62/EC - Ambient air quality assessment and management

This European Standard specifies a semi-continuous measurement method for the determination of the concentration of benzene present in ambient air based on automated sampling and analysis by gas chromatography. This standard describes the performance characteristics and sets the relevant minimum criteria required to select an appropriate automated gas chromatograph (GC) by means of type approval tests. It also includes the evaluation of the suitability of an analyser for use in a specific fixed site so as to meet the data quality requirements as specified in Annex I of Directive 2008/50/EC [1] and requirements during sampling, calibration and quality assurance for use.
The method is applicable to the determination of the mass con¬centration of benzene present in ambient air in the range up to 50 µg/m3 benzene. This concentration range represents the certification range for the type approval test.
Other ranges may be used depending on the levels present in ambient air.
NOTE 1   When the standard is used for other purposes than for measurements required by Directive 2008/50/EC, the ranges and uncertainty requirements may not apply.
The method covers the determination of ambient air concentrations of benzene in zones classified as rural areas, urban-background areas and traffic-orientated locations and locations influenced by industrial sources.
The results are expressed in µg/m3 (at 20 °C and 101,3 kPa).
NOTE 2   50 µg/m3 of benzene corresponds to 15,4 nmol/mol of benzene.
This European Standard contains information for different groups of users.
Clauses 5 to 7 and Annexes C and D contain general information about the principles of benzene measurement by automated gas chromatography and sampling equipment.
Clause 8 and Annex E are specifically directed towards test houses and laboratories that perform type-approval testing of benzene analysers. These sections contain information about:
-   type-approval test conditions, test procedures and test requirements;
-   analyser performance requirements;
-   evaluation of the type-approval test results;
-   evaluation of the uncertainty of the measurement results of the benzene analyser based on the type-approval test results.
Clauses 9 to 11 and Annex F are directed towards monitoring networks performing the practical measurements of benzene in ambient air. These sections contain information about:
-   initial installation of the analyser in the monitoring network and acceptance testing;
-   ongoing quality assurance/quality control;
-   calculation and reporting of measurement results;
-   evaluation of the uncertainty of measurement results under practical monitoring conditions.

This European Standard specifies a semi-continuous measurement method for the determination of the concentration of benzene present in ambient air based on automated sampling and analysis by gas chromatography. This standard describes the performance characteristics and sets the relevant minimum criteria required to select an appropriate automated gas chromatograph (GC) by means of type approval tests. It also includes the evaluation of the suitability of an analyser for use in a specific fixed site so as to meet the data quality requirements as specified in Annex I of Directive 2008/50/EC [1] and requirements during sampling, calibration and quality assurance for use.
The method is applicable to the determination of the mass con¬centration of benzene present in ambient air in the range up to 50 µg/m3 benzene. This concentration range represents the certification range for the type approval test.
Other ranges may be used depending on the levels present in ambient air.
NOTE 1   When the standard is used for other purposes than for measurements required by Directive 2008/50/EC, the ranges and uncertainty requirements may not apply.
The method covers the determination of ambient air concentrations of benzene in zones classified as rural areas, urban-background areas and traffic-orientated locations and locations influenced by industrial sources.
The results are expressed in µg/m3 (at 20 °C and 101,3 kPa).
NOTE 2   50 µg/m3 of benzene corresponds to 15,4 nmol/mol of benzene.
This European Standard contains information for different groups of users.
Clauses 5 to 7 and Annexes C and D contain general information about the principles of benzene measurement by automated gas chromatography and sampling equipment.
Clause 8 and Annex E are specifically directed towards test houses and laboratories that perform type-approval testing of benzene analysers. These sections contain information about:
-   type-approval test conditions, test procedures and test requirements;
-   analyser performance requirements;
-   evaluation of the type-approval test results;
-   evaluation of the uncertainty of the measurement results of the benzene analyser based on the type-approval test results.
Clauses 9 to 11 and Annex F are directed towards monitoring networks performing the practical measurements of benzene in ambient air. These sections contain information about:
-   initial installation of the analyser in the monitoring network and acceptance testing;
-   ongoing quality assurance/quality control;
-   calculation and reporting of measurement results;
-   evaluation of the uncertainty of measurement results under practical monitoring conditions.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the total deposition of mercury. This standard can be used within the framework of the European Council Directive on Ambient Air Quality Assessment and Management and Directive 2004/107/EC. Performance requirements with which the method should comply are specified in this European Standard. The performance characteristics of the method were determined in comparative field validation tests carried out at two European locations.
This European Standard is applicable to background sites that are in accordance with the requirements of Directive 2004/107/EC and to urban and industrial sites.
This standard allows the sampling of deposition using cylindrical deposition gauges, and analysis using Cold Vapour Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (CVAAS) or Cold Vapour Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (CVAFS) following existing harmonised and standardised procedures. The standard is applicable for the measurement of mercury in deposition between 1 ng/(m2•d) and 100 ng/(m2•d).
The standard is validated for the deposition range listed in Table 1.
NOTE   The range given is based upon the values measured in the field validation test. The upper and lower limits are the observed minimum and maximum values measured during the field validation tests. The actual lower limits of the working range depends on the variability of the laboratory blank, for bulk and wet-only collectors, and the precipitation. The method can be applied to higher and lower deposition rates provided that the collection characteristics are not compromised.

This European Standard specifies a standard method for determining total gaseous mercury (TGM) in ambient air using cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS), or cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CVAFS).
This European Standard is applicable to background sites that are in accordance with the requirements of Directive 2004/107/EC and to urban and industrial sites.
The performance characteristics of the method have been determined in comparative field validation tests carried out at four European locations: two background and two industrial sites. The method was tested for two months at each site over a period of twelve months using automated equipment currently used in Europe for determination of TGM in ambient air.
The working range of the method covers the range of ambient air concentrations from those found at background sites, typically less than 2 ng/m3, up to those found at industrial sites where higher concentrations are expected. A maximum daily average up to 300 ng/m3 was measured during the field trials.
Results are reported as the average mass of TGM per volume of air at 293,15 K and 101,325 kPa, measured over a specified time period, in nanograms per cubic metre.

This European Standard specifies a standard method for determining total gaseous mercury (TGM) in ambient air using cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS), or cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CVAFS).
This European Standard is applicable to background sites that are in accordance with the requirements of Directive 2004/107/EC and to urban and industrial sites.
The performance characteristics of the method have been determined in comparative field validation tests carried out at four European locations: two background and two industrial sites. The method was tested for two months at each site over a period of twelve months using automated equipment currently used in Europe for determination of TGM in ambient air.
The working range of the method covers the range of ambient air concentrations from those found at background sites, typically less than 2 ng/m3, up to those found at industrial sites where higher concentrations are expected. A maximum daily average up to 300 ng/m3 was measured during the field trials.
Results are reported as the average mass of TGM per volume of air at 293,15 K and 101,325 kPa, measured over a specified time period, in nanograms per cubic metre.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the total deposition of mercury. This standard can be used within the framework of the European Council Directive on Ambient Air Quality Assessment and Management and Directive 2004/107/EC. Performance requirements with which the method should comply are specified in this European Standard. The performance characteristics of the method were determined in comparative field validation tests carried out at two European locations.
This European Standard is applicable to background sites that are in accordance with the requirements of Directive 2004/107/EC and to urban and industrial sites.
This standard allows the sampling of deposition using cylindrical deposition gauges, and analysis using Cold Vapour Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (CVAAS) or Cold Vapour Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (CVAFS) following existing harmonised and standardised procedures. The standard is applicable for the measurement of mercury in deposition between 1 ng/(m2•d) and 100 ng/(m2•d).
The standard is validated for the deposition range listed in Table 1.
NOTE   The range given is based upon the values measured in the field validation test. The upper and lower limits are the observed minimum and maximum values measured during the field validation tests. The actual lower limits of the working range depends on the variability of the laboratory blank, for bulk and wet-only collectors, and the precipitation. The method can be applied to higher and lower deposition rates provided that the collection characteristics are not compromised.

TC - Modification to Equation 5

TC - Modification to Equation 5

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of particulate lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and nickel (Ni) in ambient air that can be used in the framework of the European Council Directive on Ambient Air Quality Assessment and Management [1] and the 1st [2] and 4th [3] Daughter Directives. Performance requirements with which the method has to comply are specified in this European Standard. The performance characteristics of the method were determined in comparative field validation tests carried out at four European locations (see [4]).
This European Standard specifies a method for sampling of Pb, Cd, As and Ni as part of the PM10 aerosol, microwave digestion of the samples and analysis by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry or by inductively coupled plasma (quadrupole) mass spectrometry.
This European Standard is applicable for the measurement of Pb, Cd, As and Ni as part of the PM10 aerosol fraction in the concentration ranges listed in Table 1.
Table 1 - Working ranges of the method in ng/m³
   From   To
Pb   1   4 000
Cd   0,1   50
As   0,5   350
Ni   2   100
The actual lower limits of the working ranges depend upon the variability of the laboratory filter blank (5.3.1). The lower limits of the working ranges given in Table 1 are expected values based upon performance achieved in the field validation tests. Similarly the upper limits of the working ranges have been set arbitrarily based upon the maximum daily values measured during the field validation tests. The method can be applied to higher concentrations provided the PM10 collection characteristics of the sampler are not compromised.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of particulate lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and nickel (Ni) in ambient air that can be used in the framework of the European Council Directive on Ambient Air Quality Assessment and Management [1] and the 1st [2] and 4th [3] Daughter Directives. Performance requirements with which the method has to comply are specified in this European Standard. The performance characteristics of the method were determined in comparative field validation tests carried out at four European locations (see [4]).
This European Standard specifies a method for sampling of Pb, Cd, As and Ni as part of the PM10 aerosol, microwave digestion of the samples and analysis by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry or by inductively coupled plasma (quadrupole) mass spectrometry.
This European Standard is applicable for the measurement of Pb, Cd, As and Ni as part of the PM10 aerosol fraction in the concentration ranges listed in Table 1.
Table 1 - Working ranges of the method in ng/m³
   From   To
Pb   1   4 000
Cd   0,1   50
As   0,5   350
Ni   2   100
The actual lower limits of the working ranges depend upon the variability of the laboratory filter blank (5.3.1). The lower limits of the working ranges given in Table 1 are expected values based upon performance achieved in the field validation tests. Similarly the upper limits of the working ranges have been set arbitrarily based upon the maximum daily values measured during the field validation tests. The method can be applied to higher concentrations provided the PM10 collection characteristics of the sampler are not compromised.

This part of EN 14662 is in accordance with the generic methodology selected as the basis of the European Union reference method for the determination of benzene in ambient air [1] for the purpose of comparison of measurement results with limit values with a one-year reference period.
This part of EN 14662 gives general guidance for the sampling and analysis of benzene in air by diffusive sampling, thermal desorption and capillary gas chromatography.  
This part of EN 14662 is valid for the measurement of benzene in a concentration range of approximately 0,5 mg/m3 to 50 mg/m3 in an air sample typically collected over a period of 14 days.
The upper limit of the useful range is set by the sorptive capacity of the sorbent and by the linear dynamic range of the gas chromatograph column and detector or by the sample splitting capability of the analytical instrumentation used. The lower limit of the useful range depends on the noise level of the detector and on blank levels of benzene and/or interfering artefacts on the sorbent. Artefacts are typically sub ng for sorbents such as graphitised carbon, but higher levels of aromatic hydrocarbons have been noted in other sorbents.

This part of EN 14662 is in accordance with the generic methodology for the determination of benzene in ambient air [1] for the purpose of comparison of measurement results with limit values with a one-year reference period.
This part of EN 14662 gives general guidance for the sampling and analysis of benzene in air by pumped sampling, solvent desorption and capillary gas chromatography.  
This part of EN 14662 is valid for the measurement of benzene in a concentration range of approximately 0,5 µg/m3  to 50 mg/m3 in an air sample of 1 m3 volume, typically collected over a period of 24 hours.
The upper limit of the useful range is set by the sorptive capacity of the sorbent and by the linear dynamic range of the gas chromatograph column and detector or by the sample splitting capability of the analytical instrumentation used. The lower limit of the useful range depends on the noise level of the detector and on blank levels of benzene and/or interfering artefacts on the sorbent and in the desorption solvent.
The method described here is based on sampling on sample tubes typically containing 100 mg of activated charcoal and desorption using carbon disulphide.
Alternative sorbents to activated charcoal may be used provided that the equivalence in performance characteristics of the procedure is demonstrated.
Alternative desorption solvents to carbon disulphide may be used provided that the equivalence in performance characteristics of the procedure is demonstrated.

This part of EN 14662 is in accordance with the generic methodology selected as the basis of the European Union reference method for the determination of benzene in ambient air [1] for the purpose of comparison of measurement results with limit values with a one-year reference period.
This part of EN 14662 gives general guidance for the sampling and analysis of benzene in air, by diffusive sampling, solvent desorption and capillary gas chromatography.  
This part of EN 14662 is valid for the measurement of benzene in a concentration range of approximately 0,5 mg/m3 to 50 mg/m3 in an air sample typically collected over a period of several days or several weeks.  A number of devices are recommended for the sampling of benzene, each device having a different range of applicability, particularly with regard to the optimum period of exposure.
The upper limit of the useful range is set by the sorptive capacity of the activated charcoal and, subject to dilution of the analysed solution, by the linear dynamic range of the gas chromatograph column and detector or by the sample splitting capability of the analytical instrumentation used. The lower limit of the useful range depends on the noise level of the detector and on blank levels of benzene and/or interfering artefacts on the sampling devices or in the carbon disulphide.
Alternative sorbents to activated charcoal may be used provided that the equivalence in performance characteristics of the procedure is demonstrated.
Alternative desorption solvents to carbon disulphide may be used provided that the equivalence in performance characteristics of the procedure is demonstrated.

This part of EN 14662 is in accordance with the generic methodology for the determination of benzene in ambient air [1] for the purpose of comparison of measurement results with limit values with a one-year reference period.
This part of EN 14662 gives general guidance for the sampling and analysis of benzene in air by pumped sampling, solvent desorption and capillary gas chromatography.  
This part of EN 14662 is valid for the measurement of benzene in a concentration range of approximately 0,5 µg/m3  to 50 mg/m3 in an air sample of 1 m3 volume, typically collected over a period of 24 hours.
The upper limit of the useful range is set by the sorptive capacity of the sorbent and by the linear dynamic range of the gas chromatograph column and detector or by the sample splitting capability of the analytical instrumentation used. The lower limit of the useful range depends on the noise level of the detector and on blank levels of benzene and/or interfering artefacts on the sorbent and in the desorption solvent.
The method described here is based on sampling on sample tubes typically containing 100 mg of activated charcoal and desorption using carbon disulphide.
Alternative sorbents to activated charcoal may be used provided that the equivalence in performance characteristics of the procedure is demonstrated.
Alternative desorption solvents to carbon disulphide may be used provided that the equivalence in performance characteristics of the procedure is demonstrated.

This part of EN 14662 is in accordance with the generic methodology selected as the basis of the European Union reference method for the determination of benzene in ambient air [1] for the purpose of comparison of measurement results with limit values with a one-year reference period.
This part of EN 14662 gives general guidance for the sampling and analysis of benzene in air, by diffusive sampling, solvent desorption and capillary gas chromatography.  
This part of EN 14662 is valid for the measurement of benzene in a concentration range of approximately 0,5 mg/m3 to 50 mg/m3 in an air sample typically collected over a period of several days or several weeks.  A number of devices are recommended for the sampling of benzene, each device having a different range of applicability, particularly with regard to the optimum period of exposure.
The upper limit of the useful range is set by the sorptive capacity of the activated charcoal and, subject to dilution of the analysed solution, by the linear dynamic range of the gas chromatograph column and detector or by the sample splitting capability of the analytical instrumentation used. The lower limit of the useful range depends on the noise level of the detector and on blank levels of benzene and/or interfering artefacts on the sampling devices or in the carbon disulphide.
Alternative sorbents to activated charcoal may be used provided that the equivalence in performance characteristics of the procedure is demonstrated.
Alternative desorption solvents to carbon disulphide may be used provided that the equivalence in performance characteristics of the procedure is demonstrated.

This part of EN 14662 is in accordance with the generic methodology selected as the basis of the European Union reference method for the determination of benzene in ambient air [1] for the purpose of comparison of measurement results with limit values with a one-year reference period.
This part of EN 14662 gives general guidance for the sampling and analysis of benzene in air by diffusive sampling, thermal desorption and capillary gas chromatography.  
This part of EN 14662 is valid for the measurement of benzene in a concentration range of approximately 0,5 mg/m3 to 50 mg/m3 in an air sample typically collected over a period of 14 days.
The upper limit of the useful range is set by the sorptive capacity of the sorbent and by the linear dynamic range of the gas chromatograph column and detector or by the sample splitting capability of the analytical instrumentation used. The lower limit of the useful range depends on the noise level of the detector and on blank levels of benzene and/or interfering artefacts on the sorbent. Artefacts are typically sub ng for sorbents such as graphitised carbon, but higher levels of aromatic hydrocarbons have been noted in other sorbents.

This document gives guidelines for the selection, use and maintenance of diffusive samplers used to analyse gaseous pollutants in indoor air including measurement strategy and planning.
This document gives guidelines for the selection, use and maintenance of diffusive samplers used to measure indoor air quality and personal exposure. This document is applicable to indoor air quality assessment because crucial differences to ambient air measurement have to be taken into account concerning environmental parameters, measurement strategy, as well as the nature, number, source and abundance of indoor air pollutants.
In contrast to typical ambient air measurements the appearance of unexpected compounds in indoor air environments is quite common. Procedures to calculate specific uptake rates of these compounds are needed more often as there is only a limited number of uptake rates validated by experiments (see EN 13528-2 and EN 13528-3) to assess the respective concentration values. In addition to the general calculation procedure of the individual uptake rate as given in EN 13528-2 and EN 13528 3 detailed procedures to calculate diffusion coefficients and the uptake rate are given in annex C of this document.

This document gives guidelines for the selection, use and maintenance of diffusive samplers used to analyse gaseous pollutants in indoor air including measurement strategy and planning.
This document gives guidelines for the selection, use and maintenance of diffusive samplers used to measure indoor air quality and personal exposure. This document is applicable to indoor air quality assessment because crucial differences to ambient air measurement have to be taken into account concerning environmental parameters, measurement strategy, as well as the nature, number, source and abundance of indoor air pollutants.
In contrast to typical ambient air measurements the appearance of unexpected compounds in indoor air environments is quite common. Procedures to calculate specific uptake rates of these compounds are needed more often as there is only a limited number of uptake rates validated by experiments (see EN 13528-2 and EN 13528-3) to assess the respective concentration values. In addition to the general calculation procedure of the individual uptake rate as given in EN 13528-2 and EN 13528 3 detailed procedures to calculate diffusion coefficients and the uptake rate are given in annex C of this document.

This European Standard describes a standard method for determining the PM10 or PM2,5 mass concentrations of suspended particulate matter in ambient air by sampling the particulate matter on filters and weighing them by means of a balance.
Measurements are performed with samplers with inlet designs as specified in Annex A, operating at a nominal flow rate of 2,3 m3/h, over a nominal sampling period of 24 h. Measurement results are expressed in µg/m3, where the volume of air is the volume at ambient conditions near the inlet at the time of sampling.
The range of application of this European Standard is from approximately 1 µg/m3 (i.e. the limit of detection of the standard measurement method expressed as its uncertainty) up to 150 µg/m3 for PM10 and 120 µg/m3 for PM2,5.
NOTE 1   Although the European Standard is not validated for higher concentrations, its range of application could well be extended to ambient air concentrations up to circa 200 µg/m3 when using suitable filter materials (see 5.1.4).
This European Standard describes procedures and gives requirements for the use of so-called sequential samplers, equipped with a filter changer, suitable for extended stand-alone operation. Sequential samplers are commonly used throughout the European Union for the measurement of concentrations in ambient air of PM10 or PM2,5. However, this European Standard does not exclude the use of single-filter samplers.
This European Standard does not give procedures for the demonstration of equivalence of other sampler types, e.g. equipped with a different aerosol classifier and/or operating at different flow rates. Such procedures and requirements are given in detail in the Guide to the Demonstration of Equivalence of Ambient Air Monitoring Methods [11] and for automated continuous PM monitors (see CEN/TS 16450:2013).
The present European Standard represents an evolution of earlier European Standards (EN 12341:1998 and EN 14907:2005) through the development of the 2,3 m3/h sampler to include constraints on the filter temperature during and after sampling and the ability to monitor temperatures at critical points in the sampling system. It is recommended that when equipment is procured it complies fully with the present European Standard. However, older versions of these 2,3 m3/h samplers that do not employ sheath air cooling, the ability to cool filters after sampling, or the ability to monitor temperatures at critical points in the sampling system have a special status in terms of their use as reference samplers. Historical results obtained using these samplers will remain valid. These samplers can still be used for monitoring purposes and for equivalence trials, provided that a well justified additional allowance is made to their uncertainties (see Annex B).
In addition, three specific sampling systems  - the -long nozzle - 2,3 m3/h sampler and the 68 m3/h sampler for PM10 in EN 12341:1998, and the 30 m3/h PM2,5 inlet in EN 14907:2005  - also have a special status in terms of their use as reference samplers. Historical results obtained using these samplers will remain valid. These samplers can still be used for monitoring purposes and for equivalence trials, provided that a well-justified additional allowance is made to their uncertainties (see Annex B).
Other sampling systems, as described in Annex B of this European Standard, can be used provided that a well justified additional allowance is made to their uncertainties as derived from equivalence tests.
NOTE 2   By evaluating existing data it has been shown that these samplers give results for PM10 and PM2,5 that are equivalent to those obtained by application of this European Standard. Results are shown in Annex B.
This European Standard also provides guidance for the selection and testing of filters with the aim of reducing the measurement uncertainty of the results obtained when applying this European Standard.

This European Standard specifies a method for the sampling and analysis of NO2 in ambient air using diffusive sampling followed by extraction and analysis by colorimetry or ion chromatography (IC). It can be used for the NO2 measurement in a concentration range of approximately 3 µg/m³ to 130 µg/m3. A sample is typically collected for a period of 1 to 4 weeks [13], with exposure periods depending on the design of the samplers and the concentration levels of NO2.
Several sorbents can be used for trapping NO2 in ambient air using a diffusive sampler. This standard specifies the application of triethanolamine as the reagent.
Nitrous acid and peroxyacetyl nitrate are the major chemical interferences of sorption by triethanolamine. However, in ambient air monitoring over long sampling times, both contaminants are generally present at low concentrations relative to NO2. Moreover, these species can also interfere with the measurement of NO2 when applying the EU reference method for NO2 monitoring based on chemiluminescence (see [2]).
This standard describes the application of a tube-type sampler with either a cylindrical or a slightly conical tube. Its typical uptake rate is about 1 cm3/min. Only for this sampler type sufficient evidence of validation has been found in a literature survey [12].
The relative expanded uncertainty of NO2 measurements performed using these tube-type diffusive samplers can potentially be lower than 25 % for individual measurements. When aggregating results to form annual average values, the relative expanded uncertainty can be further reduced to levels below 15 % due to the reduction of random effects on uncertainty [6].

This European Standard specifies the requirements for the manufacturer’s quality management system, the initial assessment of the manufacturer’s production control and the continuing surveillance of the effect of subsequent design changes on the performance of certified automated measuring systems.
This European Standard also serves as a reference document for auditing the manufacturer’s quality management system.

This European Standard specifies the general principles, including common procedures and requirements, for the product certification of automated measuring systems (AMS) for monitoring ambient air quality and emissions from stationary sources. This product certification consists of the following sequential stages:
a)   performance testing of an automated measuring system;
b)   initial assessment of the AMS manufacturer’s quality management system;
c)   certification;
d)   surveillance.
This European Standard applies to the certification of all AMS for monitoring ambient air quality and emissions from stationary sources for which performance criteria and test procedures are available in European Standards.

This part of EN 14662 is in accordance with the generic methodology selected as the basis of the European Union Reference Method for the determination of benzene in ambient air [1] for the purpose of comparison of measurement results with limit values with a one-year reference period.
The standard describes guidelines for measurements with, and type approval of, automated gas chromatographs. The use of automated instruments gives this part a different structure compared to the other parts including the procedure for selecting an appropriate automated gas chromatograph by means of type approval tests.
Requirements for use in the field are also described.
The standard is applicable to measurements of airborne benzene vapour in the concentration range from 0 µg/m3 to 50 µg/m3 (Standardised to 101,3 kPa and 293 K). This concentration range represents the certification range for benzene in the type approval test.

This part of EN 14662 gives general guidance for the sampling and analysis of benzene in air by pumped sampling, thermal desorption and capillary gas chromatography.
This part of EN 14662 is in accordance with the generic methodology selected as the basis of the European Union reference method for the determination of benzene in ambient air [1] for the purpose of comparison of measurement results with limit values with a one-year reference period.
This part of EN 14662 is valid for the measurement of benzene in a concentration range of approximately 0,5 mg/m3 to 50 mg/m3 in an air sample typically collected over a period of 24 hours.
The upper limit of the useful range is set by the sorptive capacity of the sorbent and by the linear dynamic range of the gas chromatograph column and detector or by the sample splitting capacity of the analytical instrumentation used. The lower limit of the useful range depends on the noise level of the detector and on blank levels of benzene  and/or interfering artefacts on the sorbent. Artefacts are typically sub ng for sorbents, but  higher levels of aromatic hydrocarbons have been noted in other sorbents. The detection limit will be approximately 1/10 of the lower concentration range.

The Report is to provide guidance on uncertainty evaluation to CEN/TC 264 Working Group(s), who are involved in the preparation of Reference Methods to measure ambient air quality, as required by the EU Daughter Directives of the European Framework Directive on Ambient Air-quality Assessment and Management (96/62/EC)

The Report is to provide guidance on uncertainty evaluation to CEN/TC 264 Working Group(s), who are involved in the preparation of Reference Methods to measure ambient air quality, as required by the EU Daughter Directives of the European Framework Directive on Ambient Air-quality Assessment and Management (96/62/EC)

This European Standard specifies a method for the sampling and analysis of NO2 in ambient air using diffusive sampling followed by extraction and analysis by colorimetry or ion chromatography (IC). It can be used for the NO2 measurement in a concentration range of approximately 3 µg/m³ to 130 µg/m3. A sample is typically collected for a period of 1 to 4 weeks [13], with exposure periods depending on the design of the samplers and the concentration levels of NO2.
Several sorbents can be used for trapping NO2 in ambient air using a diffusive sampler. This standard specifies the application of triethanolamine as the reagent.
Nitrous acid and peroxyacetyl nitrate are the major chemical interferences of sorption by triethanolamine. However, in ambient air monitoring over long sampling times, both contaminants are generally present at low concentrations relative to NO2. Moreover, these species can also interfere with the measurement of NO2 when applying the EU reference method for NO2 monitoring based on chemiluminescence (see [2]).
This standard describes the application of a tube-type sampler with either a cylindrical or a slightly conical tube. Its typical uptake rate is about 1 cm3/min. Only for this sampler type sufficient evidence of validation has been found in a literature survey [12].
The relative expanded uncertainty of NO2 measurements performed using these tube-type diffusive samplers can potentially be lower than 25 % for individual measurements. When aggregating results to form annual average values, the relative expanded uncertainty can be further reduced to levels below 15 % due to the reduction of random effects on uncertainty [6].

This part of EN 14662 gives general guidance for the sampling and analysis of benzene in air by pumped sampling, thermal desorption and capillary gas chromatography.
This part of EN 14662 is in accordance with the generic methodology selected as the basis of the European Union reference method for the determination of benzene in ambient air [1] for the purpose of comparison of measurement results with limit values with a one-year reference period.
This part of EN 14662 is valid for the measurement of benzene in a concentration range of approximately 0,5 mg/m3 to 50 mg/m3 in an air sample typically collected over a period of 24 hours.
The upper limit of the useful range is set by the sorptive capacity of the sorbent and by the linear dynamic range of the gas chromatograph column and detector or by the sample splitting capacity of the analytical instrumentation used. The lower limit of the useful range depends on the noise level of the detector and on blank levels of benzene  and/or interfering artefacts on the sorbent. Artefacts are typically sub ng for sorbents, but  higher levels of aromatic hydrocarbons have been noted in other sorbents. The detection limit will be approximately 1/10 of the lower concentration range.

This European Standard describes a standard method for determining the PM10 or PM2,5 mass concentrations of suspended particulate matter in ambient air by sampling the particulate matter on filters and weighing them by means of a balance.
Measurements are performed with samplers with inlet designs as specified in Annex A, operating at a nominal flow rate of 2,3 m3/h, over a nominal sampling period of 24 h. Measurement results are expressed in µg/m3, where the volume of air is the volume at ambient conditions near the inlet at the time of sampling.
The range of application of this European Standard is from approximately 1 µg/m3 (i.e. the limit of detection of the standard measurement method expressed as its uncertainty) up to 150 µg/m3 for PM10 and 120 µg/m3 for PM2,5.
NOTE 1   Although the European Standard is not validated for higher concentrations, its range of application could well be extended to ambient air concentrations up to circa 200 µg/m3 when using suitable filter materials (see 5.1.4).
This European Standard describes procedures and gives requirements for the use of so-called sequential samplers, equipped with a filter changer, suitable for extended stand-alone operation. Sequential samplers are commonly used throughout the European Union for the measurement of concentrations in ambient air of PM10 or PM2,5. However, this European Standard does not exclude the use of single-filter samplers.
This European Standard does not give procedures for the demonstration of equivalence of other sampler types, e.g. equipped with a different aerosol classifier and/or operating at different flow rates. Such procedures and requirements are given in detail in the Guide to the Demonstration of Equivalence of Ambient Air Monitoring Methods [11] and for automated continuous PM monitors (see CEN/TS 16450:2013).
The present European Standard represents an evolution of earlier European Standards (EN 12341:1998 and EN 14907:2005) through the development of the 2,3 m3/h sampler to include constraints on the filter temperature during and after sampling and the ability to monitor temperatures at critical points in the sampling system. It is recommended that when equipment is procured it complies fully with the present European Standard. However, older versions of these 2,3 m3/h samplers that do not employ sheath air cooling, the ability to cool filters after sampling, or the ability to monitor temperatures at critical points in the sampling system have a special status in terms of their use as reference samplers. Historical results obtained using these samplers will remain valid. These samplers can still be used for monitoring purposes and for equivalence trials, provided that a well justified additional allowance is made to their uncertainties (see Annex B).
In addition, three specific sampling systems  - the -long nozzle - 2,3 m3/h sampler and the 68 m3/h sampler for PM10 in EN 12341:1998, and the 30 m3/h PM2,5 inlet in EN 14907:2005  - also have a special status in terms of their use as reference samplers. Historical results obtained using these samplers will remain valid. These samplers can still be used for monitoring purposes and for equivalence trials, provided that a well-justified additional allowance is made to their uncertainties (see Annex B).
Other sampling systems, as described in Annex B of this European Standard, can be used provided that a well justified additional allowance is made to their uncertainties as derived from equivalence tests.
NOTE 2   By evaluating existing data it has been shown that these samplers give results for PM10 and PM2,5 that are equivalent to those obtained by application of this European Standard. Results are shown in Annex B.
This European Standard also provides guidance for the selection and testing of filters with the aim of reducing the measurement uncertainty of the results obtained when applying this European Standard.

This European Standard specifies the general principles, including common procedures and requirements, for the product certification of automated measuring systems (AMS) for monitoring ambient air quality and emissions from stationary sources. This product certification consists of the following sequential stages:
a)   performance testing of an automated measuring system;
b)   initial assessment of the AMS manufacturer’s quality management system;
c)   certification;
d)   surveillance.
This European Standard applies to the certification of all AMS for monitoring ambient air quality and emissions from stationary sources for which performance criteria and test procedures are available in European Standards.

This European Standard specifies the requirements for the manufacturer’s quality management system, the initial assessment of the manufacturer’s production control and the continuing surveillance of the effect of subsequent design changes on the performance of certified automated measuring systems.
This European Standard also serves as a reference document for auditing the manufacturer’s quality management system.

This part of EN 14662 is in accordance with the generic methodology selected as the basis of the European Union Reference Method for the determination of benzene in ambient air [1] for the purpose of comparison of measurement results with limit values with a one-year reference period.
The standard describes guidelines for measurements with, and type approval of, automated gas chromatographs. The use of automated instruments gives this part a different structure compared to the other parts including the procedure for selecting an appropriate automated gas chromatograph by means of type approval tests.
Requirements for use in the field are also described.
The standard is applicable to measurements of airborne benzene vapour in the concentration range from 0 µg/m3 to 50 µg/m3 (Standardised to 101,3 kPa and 293 K). This concentration range represents the certification range for benzene in the type approval test.

This European Standard describes a standard method for determining the PM2,5 mass concentration of suspended particulate matter in ambient air by sampling the particulate matter on filters and weighing them by means of a balance.
Measurements are made over a sampling period of about 24 h, and in line with the Directive, are expressed as µg/m3, where the volume of air is the volume at ambient conditions near the inlet at the time of sampling.
The range of application of the standard is from 1 µg/m3 (i.e. the limit of detection of the standard measurement method expressed as its uncertainty) up to 120 µg/m3 (i.e. the maximum concentration level observed during the field study undertaken by CEN/TC 264/WG 15 to validate the standard).
NOTE    Although the standard is not validated for concentrations over 120 µg/m3, its range of application could well be extended to commonly encountered ambient concentrations up to circa 200 µg/m3 when using glass or quartz fibre filters. At these high concentrations and particulate mass loadings no filter clogging is to be expected. Also the flow rate can be easily maintained at the nominal setting.
The equivalence procedure in Annex A specifies two approaches, depending on whether the candidate method differs slightly or fundamentally from the standard method.
In the former case, involving only slight differences from the standard method ("variations on a theme") Annex A provides a restricted procedure to compare only the pertinent differences, instead of a full field test. This part of the annex serves to give practical guidance for determining equivalence for measurement methods commonly used in monitoring networks, and includes examples of common variations to the standard method, such as different filter storing or conditioning procedures and the variation of the standard method for the application as automated filter changer.

This European Standard describes a standard method for determining the PM2,5 mass concentration of suspended particulate matter in ambient air by sampling the particulate matter on filters and weighing them by means of a balance.
Measurements are made over a sampling period of about 24 h, and in line with the Directive, are expressed as µg/m3, where the volume of air is the volume at ambient conditions near the inlet at the time of sampling.
The range of application of the standard is from 1 µg/m3 (i.e. the limit of detection of the standard measurement method expressed as its uncertainty) up to 120 µg/m3 (i.e. the maximum concentration level observed during the field study undertaken by CEN/TC 264/WG 15 to validate the standard).
NOTE    Although the standard is not validated for concentrations over 120 µg/m3, its range of application could well be extended to commonly encountered ambient concentrations up to circa 200 µg/m3 when using glass or quartz fibre filters. At these high concentrations and particulate mass loadings no filter clogging is to be expected. Also the flow rate can be easily maintained at the nominal setting.
The equivalence procedure in Annex A specifies two approaches, depending on whether the candidate method differs slightly or fundamentally from the standard method.
In the former case, involving only slight differences from the standard method ("variations on a theme") Annex A provides a restricted procedure to compare only the pertinent differences, instead of a full field test. This part of the annex serves to give practical guidance for determining equivalence for measurement methods commonly used in monitoring networks, and includes examples of common variations to the standard method, such as different filter storing or conditioning procedures and the variation of the standard method for the application as automated filter changer.

This standard specifies the performance of PM10 sampling instruments in order to harmonize the monitoring within the framework of the European Union Council Directive 96/62/EC (2) on ambient air quality assessment and management, and the first daughter directive. In the daughter directive, by convention the ISO thoracic sampling convention has been assimilated to the PM10 fraction (see annex A; (3)).

This standard specifies the performance of PM10 sampling instruments in order to harmonize the monitoring within the framework of the European Union Council Directive 96/62/EC (2) on ambient air quality assessment and management, and the first daughter directive. In the daughter directive, by convention the ISO thoracic sampling convention has been assimilated to the PM10 fraction (see annex A; (3)).

This document specifies a continuous measurement method for the determination of the concentration of carbon monoxide present in ambient air based on the non-dispersive infrared measuring principle (NDIR). This document describes the performance characteristics and sets the relevant minimum criteria required to select an appropriate non-dispersive infrared carbon monoxide analyser by means of type approval tests. It also includes the evaluation of the suitability of an anayser for use in a specific fixed site so as to meet the Directives data quality requirements and requirements during sampling, calibration and quality assurance.
The method is applicable to the determination of the mass concentration of carbon monoxide present in ambient air in the range from 0 mg/m3 to 100 mg/m3 carbon monoxide. This concentration range represents the certification range for the type approval test.
NOTE 1   0 mg/m3 to 100 mg/m3 of CO corresponds to 0 mmol/mol to 86 mmol/mol of CO.
The method covers the determination of ambient air concentrations of carbon monoxide in zones classified as rural areas, urban-background areas and traffic-orientated locations.
NOTE 2   Other ranges may be used for measurement systems applied at rural locations monitoring Ecosystems.
The results are expressed in mg/m3 (at 293 K and 101,3 kPa).
When the standard is used for other purposes than the EU directive, the range and uncertainty requirements need not apply.

This document specifies a continuous measurement method for the determination of the concentration of sulphur dioxide present in ambient air based on the ultraviolet fluorescence measuring principle. This document describes the performance characteristics and sets the relevant minimum criteria required to select an appropriate ultraviolet fluorescence analyser by means of type approval tests. It also includes the evaluation of the suitability of an anayser for use in a specific fixed site so as to meet the Directives data quality requirements and requirements during sampling, calibration and quality assurance for use.
The method is applicable to the determination of the mass concentration of sulphur dioxide present in ambient air from 0 mg/m3 to 1 000 mg/m3 sulphur dioxide. This concentration range represents the certification range for the type approval test.
NOTE 1   0 mg/m3 to 1 000 mg/m3 of SO2 corresponds to 0 nmol/mol to 376 nmol/mol of SO2.
NOTE 2   Lower ranges may be used for measurement systems applied at rural locations monitoring Ecosystems.
The method covers the determination of ambient air concentrations of sulphur dioxide in zones classified as rural areas, urban-background areas and traffic-orientated locations.
The results are expressed in mg/m3 (at 293 K and 101,3 kPa).
When the standard is used for other purposes than the EU-directive, the range and uncertainty requirements need not apply.

This document specifies a continuous measurement method for the determination of the concentration of nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen monoxide present in ambient air based on the chemiluminescence measuring principle. This document describes the performance characteristics and sets the relevant minimum criteria required to select an appropriate chemiluminescence analyser by means of type approval tests. It also includes the evaluation of the suitability of an analyser for use in a specific fixed site so as to meet the Directives data quality requirements and requirements during sampling, calibration and quality assurance.
The method is applicable to the determination of the concentration of nitrogen dioxide present in ambient air from 0 mg/m3 to 500 mg/m3. This concentration range represents the certification range for NO2 for the type approval test.
NOTE 1   0 mg/m3 to 500 mg/m3 of NO2 corresponds to 0 nmol/mol to 261 nmol/mol of NO2.
The method is applicable to the determination of the concentration of nitrogen monoxide present in ambient air from 0 mg/m3 to 1 200 mg/m3. This concentration range represents the certification range for NO for the type approval test.
NOTE 2   0 mg/m3 to 1 200 mg/m3 of NO corresponds to 0 nmol/mol to 962 nmol/mol of NO.
The method covers the determination of ambient air concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen monoxide in zones classified as rural areas, urban-background areas and traffic-orientated locations.
NOTE 3   Lower ranges may be used for measurement systems applied at rural locations monitoring Ecosystems.
The results are expressed in mg/m3 (at 293 K and 101,3 kPa).
When the standard is used for other purposes than the EU Directive, the range and uncertainty requirements need not apply.

This document specifies a continuous measurement method for the determination of the concentration of ozone present in ambient air based on the ultraviolet photometric measuring principle. This document describes the performance characteristics, and sets the relevant minimum criteria required to select an appropriate ultraviolet photometric ozone analyser by means of type approval tests. It also includes the evaluation of the suitability of an anayser for use in a specific fixed site so as to meet the Directives data quality requirements and requirements during sampling, calibration and quality assurance.
The method is applicable to the determination of the mass concentration of ozone present in ambient air in the range from 0 mg/m3 to 500 mg/m3. This concentration range represents the certification range for the type approval test.
NOTE 1   0 mg/m3 to 500 mg/m3 of O3 corresponds to 0 nmol/mol to 250 nmol/mol of O3.
The method covers the determination of ambient air concentrations of ozone in zones classified as rural areas, urban and urban-background areas.
NOTE 2   Other ranges may be used for measurement systems applied at rural locations monitoring Ecosystems.
The results are expressed in mg/m3 (at 20 °C and 101,3 kPa).
When the standard is used for other purposes than the EU-directive, the range and uncertainty requirements need not apply.

This document specifies a continuous measurement method for the determination of the concentration of ozone present in ambient air based on the ultraviolet photometric measuring principle. This document describes the performance characteristics, and sets the relevant minimum criteria required to select an appropriate ultraviolet photometric ozone analyser by means of type approval tests. It also includes the evaluation of the suitability of an anayser for use in a specific fixed site so as to meet the Directives data quality requirements and requirements during sampling, calibration and quality assurance.
The method is applicable to the determination of the mass concentration of ozone present in ambient air in the range from 0 mg/m3 to 500 mg/m3. This concentration range represents the certification range for the type approval test.
NOTE 1   0 mg/m3 to 500 mg/m3 of O3 corresponds to 0 nmol/mol to 250 nmol/mol of O3.
The method covers the determination of ambient air concentrations of ozone in zones classified as rural areas, urban and urban-background areas.
NOTE 2   Other ranges may be used for measurement systems applied at rural locations monitoring Ecosystems.
The results are expressed in mg/m3 (at 20 °C and 101,3 kPa).
When the standard is used for other purposes than the EU-directive, the range and uncertainty requirements need not apply.

This document specifies a continuous measurement method for the determination of the concentration of sulphur dioxide present in ambient air based on the ultraviolet fluorescence measuring principle. This document describes the performance characteristics and sets the relevant minimum criteria required to select an appropriate ultraviolet fluorescence analyser by means of type approval tests. It also includes the evaluation of the suitability of an anayser for use in a specific fixed site so as to meet the Directives data quality requirements and requirements during sampling, calibration and quality assurance for use.
The method is applicable to the determination of the mass concentration of sulphur dioxide present in ambient air from 0 mg/m3 to 1 000 mg/m3 sulphur dioxide. This concentration range represents the certification range for the type approval test.
NOTE 1   0 mg/m3 to 1 000 mg/m3 of SO2 corresponds to 0 nmol/mol to 376 nmol/mol of SO2.
NOTE 2   Lower ranges may be used for measurement systems applied at rural locations monitoring Ecosystems.
The method covers the determination of ambient air concentrations of sulphur dioxide in zones classified as rural areas, urban-background areas and traffic-orientated locations.
The results are expressed in mg/m3 (at 293 K and 101,3 kPa).
When the standard is used for other purposes than the EU-directive, the range and uncertainty requirements need not apply.

This document specifies a continuous measurement method for the determination of the concentration of nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen monoxide present in ambient air based on the chemiluminescence measuring principle. This document describes the performance characteristics and sets the relevant minimum criteria required to select an appropriate chemiluminescence analyser by means of type approval tests. It also includes the evaluation of the suitability of an analyser for use in a specific fixed site so as to meet the Directives data quality requirements and requirements during sampling, calibration and quality assurance.
The method is applicable to the determination of the concentration of nitrogen dioxide present in ambient air from 0 mg/m3 to 500 mg/m3. This concentration range represents the certification range for NO2 for the type approval test.
NOTE 1   0 mg/m3 to 500 mg/m3 of NO2 corresponds to 0 nmol/mol to 261 nmol/mol of NO2.
The method is applicable to the determination of the concentration of nitrogen monoxide present in ambient air from 0 mg/m3 to 1 200 mg/m3. This concentration range represents the certification range for NO for the type approval test.
NOTE 2   0 mg/m3 to 1 200 mg/m3 of NO corresponds to 0 nmol/mol to 962 nmol/mol of NO.
The method covers the determination of ambient air concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen monoxide in zones classified as rural areas, urban-background areas and traffic-orientated locations.
NOTE 3   Lower ranges may be used for measurement systems applied at rural locations monitoring Ecosystems.
The results are expressed in mg/m3 (at 293 K and 101,3 kPa).
When the standard is used for other purposes than the EU Directive, the range and uncertainty requirements need not apply.

This document specifies a continuous measurement method for the determination of the concentration of carbon monoxide present in ambient air based on the non-dispersive infrared measuring principle (NDIR). This document describes the performance characteristics and sets the relevant minimum criteria required to select an appropriate non-dispersive infrared carbon monoxide analyser by means of type approval tests. It also includes the evaluation of the suitability of an anayser for use in a specific fixed site so as to meet the Directives data quality requirements and requirements during sampling, calibration and quality assurance.
The method is applicable to the determination of the mass concentration of carbon monoxide present in ambient air in the range from 0 mg/m3 to 100 mg/m3 carbon monoxide. This concentration range represents the certification range for the type approval test.
NOTE 1   0 mg/m3 to 100 mg/m3 of CO corresponds to 0 mmol/mol to 86 mmol/mol of CO.
The method covers the determination of ambient air concentrations of carbon monoxide in zones classified as rural areas, urban-background areas and traffic-orientated locations.
NOTE 2   Other ranges may be used for measurement systems applied at rural locations monitoring Ecosystems.
The results are expressed in mg/m3 (at 293 K and 101,3 kPa).
When the standard is used for other purposes than the EU directive, the range and uncertainty requirements need not apply.