ASTM F1789-05
(Terminology)Standard Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners
Standard Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners
SCOPE
1.1This terminology standard provides a compilation of definitions for terminology used for mechanical fasteners.
1.2 Terms in this terminology are organized alphabetically. In Appendix X1 they are listed under fastener characteristic.
1.3 Additional definitions are shown in ANSI/ASME B18.12; IFI Glossary of Terms, IFI-139 and IFI-140; and SAE J412.
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Designation:F1789–05
Standard Terminology for
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F16 Mechanical Fasteners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1789; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope alloy steel—steel is considered to be alloy when the maximum
range given for manganese exceeds 1.65 % or a definite
1.1 This terminology standard provides a compilation of
minimum quantity for any of the following elements is
definitions for terminology used for mechanical fasteners.
specified or required within the limits of the recognized field
1.2 Terms in this terminology are organized alphabetically.
of constructional alloy steels: chromium, molybdenum,
In Appendix X1 they are listed under fastener characteristic.
nickel, or any other alloying element added to obtain a
1.3 Additional definitions are shown in ANSI/ASME
desired alloying effect.
B18.12; IFI Glossary of Terms, IFI-139 and IFI-140; and SAE
alter—to change fastener properties such as hardness, tensile
J412.
strength, surface finish, length, or other characteristics of the
2. Referenced Documents fastener through such processes as heat treatment, plating,
2
and machining.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
alteration distributor—distributor of fasteners who alters a
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for MechanicalTesting
fastener prior to sale and assumes the full responsibilities of
of Steel Products
the alteration and its affected mechanical and performance
A 563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
characteristics.
E 456 Terminology for Relating to Quality and Statistics
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anchor bolt—steel rod or bar, one end of which is intended to
2.2 ANSI/ASME Standard:
be cast in concrete while the opposite end is threaded and
B18.12 Glossary of Terms for Mechanical Fasteners
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projectsfromtheconcreteforanchoringothermaterialtothe
2.3 IFI Standards:
concrete. The end cast in concrete may be either straight or
Glossary of Terms Relating to Aerospace Fasteners
provided with an anchor, such as a bent hook, forged head,
IFI-139 Quality Assurance Requirements for Fastener Test-
or a tapped or welded attachment to resist forces imposed on
ing Laboratories
the anchor bolt as required.
IFI-140 Carbon and Alloy Steel Wire, Rods, and Bars for
annealing—general term applied to a variety of thermal
Mechanical Fasteners
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treatments applied to fasteners for the purpose of softening
2.4 SAE Standard:
or homogenizing material properties. The specific types of
SAE J412 General Characteristics and Heat Treatments of
annealing are:
Steels
full annealing—heating steel above the upper critical transfor-
3. Mechanical Fastener Definitions
mation temperature, holding it there long enough to fully
transform the steel to austenite, and then cooling it at a
alloy groups—alloy group includes alloys considered to be
controlled rate, in a furnace, to below a specified tempera-
chemically equivalent for general purpose use in specifying
ture. A full anneal refines grain structure and provides a
stainless steel bolts, hex cap screws, studs and nuts.
relatively soft, ductile material that is free of internal
stresses.
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intercritical annealing/isothermal annealing—heating a steel
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.94 on Terminology.
above the lower critical transformation temperature, but
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2005. Published February 2005. Originally
below the upper-critical transformation temperature, to dis-
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as F 1789 – 04b.
2 solve all the iron carbides, but not transform all the ferrite to
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM austenite. Cooling slowly from this temperature, through the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
lowercriticaltemperature,producesastructureofferriteand
the ASTM website.
pearlite that is free of internal stresses. In intercritical
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Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
annealing, the steel continues to cool slowly in the furnace,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
4
Available from Industrial Fasteners Institute, 1717 E. 9th Street, Suite 1105, similarly to full annealing. In isothermal annealing, cooling
Cleveland, OH 44114.
is stopped just below the lower critical, assuring complete
5
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
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