ASTM A644-09
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Iron Castings
Standard Terminology Relating to Iron Castings
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Designation:A644–09
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Iron Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A644; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
ausferrite, n—a cast iron matrix microstructure, produced by cementite, n—a very hard and brittle compound of iron and
a controlled thermal process, which consists of predomi- carbon corresponding to the empirical formula Fe C, com-
3
nantly acicular ferrite and high carbon austenite. (See monly known as iron carbide.
austempered ductile iron.) cementite, primary, n—cementite precipitated in cast iron
austempered ductile iron, n—aductilecastironthathasbeen during solidification. Also known as primary carbide. (See
produced by a controlled thermal process which results in a cementite.)
matrix microstructure consisting of predominately acicular certification, n—a document supplied by the maker or manu-
ferrite and high carbon austenite. facturer of a product which testifies to the factuality or truth
austenitize, vt—to convert the matrix of a ferrous alloy to of statements made that the requirements of a product
austenite by heating above the transformation temperature. standard have been met.
batch, n—the component raw materials properly weighed, chill, n—anobject,usuallymetal,imbeddedinaportionofthe
proportioned, and mixed for delivery to a processing unit. mold to accelerate the local rate of heat removal from the
Also, the product output from a processing unit in which metal being cast.
there is essentially no product output until all component chill, v—to accelerate the freezing rate of cast iron, usually in
materials are charged and processed. a localized region, to refine the graphite structure or cause
brittle fracture, n—fracture that occurs without appreciable formation of primary carbides.
plastic deformation of the material. chill, microstructural, n—a localized region of primary car-
brittle fracture area, n—The fraction or percent of the bidesinacastingmadefromacastironthatwouldnormally
fracture surface that formed by brittle fracture. (When solidify free of primary carbides.
observed with no or low magnification, brittle fracture chilled iron,n—acastironthatwouldnormallysolidifyfreeof
appears whiter and shinier than ductile fracture.) primary carbide which is purposely caused to solidify as
capability index (C ), n—for a stable process, the specifica- white cast iron, locally or entirely, by accelerated cooling.
p
tion range divided by six times the standard deviation. compacted graphite iron, n—a cast iron that has been treated
in the liquid state so as to cause its graphitic carbon to occur
~USL 2 LSL!
C 5 in the compacted graphite shape in the as-cast condition.
p
6 3 s
(See graphite, compacted and graphite, spheroidal.)
capability index (C ), n—for a stable process, the smaller of
pk
compound, n—an intimate mixture of all the ingredients
the upper capability index (CPU) or the lower capability
necessary for a finished material or product.
index (CPL).
compression gasket, n—a gasket designed to be used under
carbide, primary, n—carbide precipitated in cast iron during
compression.
solidification.
compression seal, n—a seal that is attained by a compressive
cast iron, n—a generic term for a series of alloys primarily of
force on the sealing material.
iron, carbon, and silicon in which the carbon is in excess of
confidence level,n—theprobability,orexpectedpercentofthe
the amount which can be retained in solid solution in
times, that the selected percent (P%) of the actual popula-
austenite at the eutectic temperature.
tion lies within the tolerance interval calculated from the
data sample.
direct reduced iron, n—iron ores that have been reduced to
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron
essentially metallic iron by heat and reducing agents, but
Castings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.91 on Editorial
without melting, and processed into suitable shapes (typi-
Matters and Nomenclature.
cally pellets) for use as a charge material in a melting
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2009.PublishedJuly2009.Originallyapproved
in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as A644-05. operation.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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A644–09
dual metal, n—two metals of different composition that are abatchmeltingprocessorthetotalmoltenmetaloutputfrom
fusion bonded at all
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A644–05 Designation: A 644 – 09
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Iron Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A644; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
ausferrite, n—a cast iron matrix microstructure, produced by a controlled thermal process, which consists of predominantly
acicular ferrite and high carbon austenite. (See austempered ductile iron.)
austempered ductile iron, n—aductilecastironthathasbeenproducedbyacontrolledthermalprocesswhichresultsinamatrix
microstructure consisting of predominately acicular ferrite and high carbon austenite.
austenitize, vt—to convert the matrix of a ferrous alloy to austenite by heating above the transformation temperature.
batch, n—the component raw materials properly weighed, proportioned, and mixed for delivery to a processing unit. Also, the
product output from a processing unit in which there is essentially no product output until all component materials are charged
and processed.
brittle fracture, n—fracture that occurs without appreciable plastic deformation of the material.
brittle fracture area, n—The fraction or percent of the fracture surface that formed by brittle fracture. (When observed with no
or low magnification, brittle fracture appears whiter and shinier than ductile fracture.)
capability index (C ), n—for a stable process, the specification range divided by six times the standard deviation.
p
~ USL 2 LSL!
C 5
p
6 3 s
capability index (C ), n—for a stable process, the smaller of the upper capability index (CPU) or the lower capability index
pk
(CPL).
carbide, primary, n—carbide precipitated in cast iron during solidification.
cast iron, n—a generic term for a series of alloys primarily of iron, carbon, and silicon in which the carbon is in excess of the
amount which can be retained in solid solution in austenite at the eutectic temperature.
cementite, n—a very hard and brittle compound of iron and carbon corresponding to the empirical formula Fe C, commonly
3
known as iron carbide.
cementite, primary, n—cementiteprecipitatedincastironduringsolidification.Alsoknownasprimarycarbide.(See cementite.)
chill, n—an object, usually metal, imbedded in a portion of the mold to accelerate the local rate of heat removal from the metal
being cast.
chill,v—toacceleratethefreezingrateofcastiron,usuallyinalocalizedregion,torefinethegraphitestructureorcauseformation
of primary carbides.
chill, microstructural, n—a localized region of primary carbides in a casting made from a cast iron that would normally solidify
free of primary carbides.
chilled iron, n—a cast iron that would normally solidify free of primary carbide which is purposely caused to solidify as white
cast iron, locally or entirely, by accelerated cooling.
compacted graphite iron, n—a cast iron that has been treated in the liquid state so as to cause its graphitic carbon to occur in
the compacted graphite shape in the as-cast condition. (See graphite, compacted and graphite, spheroidal.)
compound, n—an intimate mixture of all the ingredients necessary for a finished material or product.
compression gasket, n—a gasket designed to be used under compression.
compression seal, n—a seal that is attained by a compressive force on the sealing material.
confidence level, n—the probability, or expected percent of the times, that the selected percent (P%) of the actual population lies
within the tolerance interval calculated from the data sample.
direct reduced iron, n—iron ores that have been reduced to essentially metallic iron by heat and reducing agents, but without
melting, and processed into suitable shapes (typically pellets) for use as a charge material in a melting operation.
dual metal, n—two metals of different composition that are fusion bonded at all interfacial surfaces by casting metal of one
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA04 on Iron Castings and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA04.91 on Editorial Matters and
Nomenclature.
Current edition approved Nov.June 1, 2005.2009. Published December 2005.July 2009. Originally approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 20032005 as
A644-98(2003).A644-05.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
...
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