ASTM E689-10

Standard Reference Radiographs for Ductile Iron Castings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The casting process has demonstrated radiographic similarities between internal discontinuities for ductile cast iron and cast steel to the extent that the reference radiographs for steel castings are applicable. The exact application and usage of discontinuity classifications contained within steel casting reference radiographs must, however, give consideration to the differences in material properties between cast steel and ductile cast iron. In some applications, reference radiographs for steel castings may not be entirely applicable to ductile cast iron material dependent upon design or other usage criteria.
When employing steel casting reference radiographs to evaluate ductile iron castings, the applicable E446, E186, or E280 steel casting written standard shall also be used for specific guidance and evaluation procedures.
These reference radiographs are intended as a basis from which manufacturers and purchasers may, by mutual agreement, select particular discontinuity classes to serve as standards representing minimum levels of acceptability. Reference radiographs represented by these steel casting standards may be used, as agreed upon in a purchaser supplier agreement, for radiation energy levels, thicknesses or both outside the range of these standards when determined applicable for the casting service application
SCOPE
1.1 This standard extends the application of steel casting reference radiographs E446, E186, and E280 to ductile iron castings when determined appropriate for specific applications (see Section 4).
1.2 The reference radiograph films are an adjunct to E446, E186, or E280, and must be purchased separately from ASTM International, if needed (see 2.1). Categories and severity levels for each discontinuity type represented by these reference radiographs are described within each applicable standard above.
Note 1—The basis of application for these reference radiographs requires a prior purchaser supplier agreement of radiographic examination attributes and classification criterion as described in Sections 4, 5, and 6 of this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2009
• ICS: 77.080.10 - Irons
• Technical Committee: E07 - Nondestructive Testing
• Drafting Committee: E07.02 - Reference Radiological Images

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E689-95(2004)e1 - Standard Reference Radiographs for Ductile Iron Castings
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2010
• Referred By: ASTM E1030/E1030M-21 - Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination of Metallic Castings
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2010
• Referred By: ASTM E1109-19 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Bulk Density of Solid Waste Fractions
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2010
• Referred By: ASTM A395/A395M-99(2022) - Standard Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron Pressure-Retaining Castings for Use at Elevated Temperatures
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2010
• Referred By: ASTM A834-95(2020) - Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Iron Castings for General Industrial Use
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2010
• Referred By: ASTM A874/A874M-98(2022) - Standard Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron Castings Suitable for Low-Temperature Service
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E689 − 10
StandardReference Radiographs for
1
Ductile Iron Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E689; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to radio-
1.1 This standard extends the application of steel casting
reference radiographs E446, E186, and E280 to ductile iron graphic examination, see Terminology E1316.
castings when determined appropriate for specific applications
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
(see Section 4).
3.2.1 production radiograph—a radiograph under review
1.2 The reference radiograph films are an adjunct to E446, for compliance with this standard.
E186,or E280, and must be purchased separately fromASTM
3.2.2 Discontinuity type—a specific discontinuity character-
International, if needed (see 2.1). Categories and severity
izedbyitscauseandappearance.Forexample,linearshrinkage
levels for each discontinuity type represented by these refer-
is a specific discontinuity type.
ence radiographs are described within each applicable standard
3.2.3 discontinuity category—a nomenclature system used
above.
for grouping discontinuity types. For example, linear shrinkage
NOTE 1—The basis of application for these reference radiographs is assigned category “Ca” where “C” represents the general
requires a prior purchaser supplier agreement of radiographic examination
shrinkage category and “a” represents the specific linear
attributes and classification criterion as described in Sections 4, 5, and 6
shrinkage discontinuity type.
of this standard.
3.2.4 discontinuity severity level—a relative rank in terms of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
“quantity, size and distribution” of a collection of discontinui-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ties where “1” is the least and “5” is the greatest “quantity, size
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and distribution” present on the reference radiograph. For
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
example, a severity level of “1” is more restrictive (requires a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
higher level of fabrication quality) than a severity level of “2”.
3.2.5 discontinuity class—an assigned fabrication quality
2. Referenced Documents
rating characterized by a discontinuity type, category and
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
severity level. For example, “Ca 2” is a discontinuity class
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination
comprised of linear shrinkage with a severity level of “2”.
1
E186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4 ⁄2-in.
3.2.6 classification specification—a set of user defined ac-
(50.8 to 114-mm)) Steel Castings
ceptance criterion that prescribes the radiographic discontinu-
E242 Reference Radiographs for Appearances of Radio-
ity class requirements for a specified user casting service
graphic Images as Certain Parameters are Changed
1 application (see Sections 6 and 7).
E280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (4 ⁄2 to 12-
in. (114 to 305-mm)) Steel Castings 3.2.7 graded illustration—a category of discontinuity that is
assigned a severity level.
E446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in.
(50.8 mm) in Thickness
3.2.8 ungraded illustration—a category of discontinuity
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
without an assigned severity level.
3.2.9 prorating—assignment of quantity, size and distribu-
tion on a production radiograph in proportion to a similar size
1
ThisreferenceradiographisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE07on
area of a reference radiograph. For example, a production
Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.02 on
radiograph covers an area that is smaller than the unit area of
Reference Radiological Images.
a reference radiograph and the extent of discontinuity on the
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010. Published February 2010. Originally
´1
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E689 – 95(2004) .
applicable reference radiograph is reduced proportionately.
DOI: 10.1520/E0689-10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4. Significance and Use
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.1 The casting process has demonstrated radiographic
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. similarities between internal discontinuities for ductile cast
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:E689–95 (Reapproved 2004) Designation: E689 – 10
Standard Reference Radiographs for
1
Ductile Iron Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E689; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Editorially changed “defect” to “discontinuity” in paragraph 7.6 in January 2004.
1. Scope
1.1These reference radiographs extend the application of reference radiographs for steel castings to ductile iron castings.
1.2In some instances, reference radiographs for steel castings may not be entirely applicable to ductile cast iron material
dependent upon design or other usage criteria. Refer to 4.1 for guidance.
1.1 This standard extends the application of steel casting reference radiographs E446, E186, and E280 to ductile iron castings
when determined appropriate for specific applications (see Section 4).
1.2 The reference radiograph films are an adjunct to E446, E186, or E280, and must be purchased separately from ASTM
International, if needed (see 2.1). Categories and severity levels for each discontinuity type represented by these reference
radiographs are described within each applicable standard above.
NOTE 1—The basis of application for these reference radiographs requires a prior purchaser supplier agreement of radiographic examination attributes
and classification criterion as described in Sections 4, 5, and 6 of this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination
E186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 412-in. [51 to 114-mm]) Steel Castings
E242 Reference Radiographs for Appearances of Radiographic Images as Certain Parameters Are Changed
E280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (412 to 12-in. (114 to 305-mm)) Steel Castings
E446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in. [51 mm] in Thickness
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
3. Terminology
3.1Definitions of terms used in these reference radiographs may be found in Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to radiographic examination, see Terminology E1316, Section D.
4.Significance and Use
4.1These reference radiographs invoke Reference Radiographs E446, E186, and E280 for establishing categories and severity
levels of internal discontinuities common to ductile iron castings subject to mutual agreement between purchaser and supplier in
contractual specifications. The casting process has shown radiographic similarities between internal discontinuities for ductile cast
iron and cast steel to the extent that the reference radiographs for steel castings are applicable. The exact application and usage
of the above categories and severity levels must, however, give consideration to the differences in material properties between cast
steel and ductile cast iron end usage applications.
4.2Production radiographs are to be compared with the applicable set of reference radiographs for classification on the basis of
section thickness, radiation energy level and type, and category and severity level of discontinuity specified.
1
This reference radiograph is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.02 on
Reference Radiological Images.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2004.2010. Published February 2004.2010. Originally approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E689 – 95(20034)
´1. DOI: 10.1520/E0689-95R04E01.10.1520/E0689-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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E689 – 10
4.3The standard reference radiographs are published in three nominal section thickness ranges in separate documents as follows:
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