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ASTM D5358-93(2019)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Sampling With a Dipper or Pond Sampler

Standard Practice for Sampling With a Dipper or Pond Sampler

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is intended for use in the sampling of surface waters and other liquids.  
4.2 Dipper equipment is uncomplicated in construction, simple to use, and relatively easy to decontaminate; however, this practice will not provide accurate results with multiphase liquids.  
4.3 This practice is to be used by personnel acquiring samples.  
4.4 The dipper is best used to take a surface sample of liquid. No attempt should be made to take subsurface samples with a dipper because mixing and dilution will occur as the dipper is brought to the surface. Subsurface layers must be sampled using a device that can be closed prior to bringing it to the surface (for example, a COLIWASA, tube sampler, or bottle sampler).  
4.5 The dipper is not appropriate for sampling multiphase liquids if quantitative characterization is needed.  
4.6 When volatile organic analysis (VOA) will be performed, samples obtained with a dipper should be poured into an appropriate container (VOA vial) with minimal air contact and agitation.  
4.7 This practice should be used in conjunction with Guide D4687, which covers sampling plans, safety, quality assurance (QA), preservation, decontamination, labeling, and chain-of-custody procedures; also Practice D5088, which covers decontamination of field equipment used at waste sites. Other documents pertinent to this practice are EPA-600/2-80-018 and EPA-600/4-84-076.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedure and equipment for taking surface samples of water or other liquids using a dipper. A pond sampler or dipper with extension handle allows the operator to sample streams, ponds, waste pits, and lagoons as far as 15 ft from the bank or other secure footing. The dipper is useful in filling a sample bottle without contaminating the outside of the bottle.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Jan-2019
ICS
19.020 - Test conditions and procedures in general
Technical Committee
D34 - Waste Management
Drafting Committee
D34.01.03 - Sampling Equipment
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5358-93(2014) - Standard Practice for Sampling with a Dipper or Pond Sampler
Effective Date
01-Feb-2019
Refers
ASTM D5088-20 - Standard Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites
Effective Date
01-May-2020
Refers
ASTM D5088-15a - Standard Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites
Effective Date
01-Aug-2015
Refers
ASTM D5088-15 - Standard Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites
Effective Date
15-Jan-2015
Refers
ASTM D5088-02(2008) - Standard Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites
Effective Date
15-Sep-2008
Refers
ASTM D4687-95(2006) - Standard Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
Effective Date
01-Feb-2006
Refers
ASTM D5088-02 - Standard Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Nonradioactive Waste Sites
Effective Date
10-Jan-2002
Refers
ASTM D4687-95 - Standard Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001
Refers
ASTM D4687-95(2001) - Standard Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001
Referred By
ASTM D6759-16 - Standard Practice for Sampling Liquids Using Grab and Discrete Depth Samplers
Effective Date
01-Feb-2019
Referred By
ASTM D6232-21 - Standard Guide for Selection of Sampling Equipment for Waste and Contaminated Media Data Collection Activities
Effective Date
01-Feb-2019
Referred By
ASTM D6063-11(2018) - Standard Guide for Sampling of Drums and Similar Containers by Field Personnel
Effective Date
01-Feb-2019

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ASTM D5358-93(2019) - Standard Practice for Sampling With a Dipper or Pond Sampler
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Standards Content (Sample)


This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5358 − 93 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Practice for
Sampling With a Dipper or Pond Sampler
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5358; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Summary of Practice
1.1 This practice describes the procedure and equipment for 3.1 Thedipperisloweredintotheliquidandliftedoutwhile
taking surface samples of water or other liquids using a dipper. avoiding splashing or otherwise disturbing the surface layer.
A pond sampler or dipper with extension handle allows the
The sample is then poured into a sample container.
operator to sample streams, ponds, waste pits, and lagoons as
far as 15 ft from the bank or other secure footing. The dipper
4. Significance and Use
is useful in filling a sample bottle without contaminating the
4.1 This practice is intended for use in the sampling of
outside of the bottle.
surface waters and other liquids.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2 Dipper equipment is uncomplicated in construction,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
simple to use, and relatively easy to decontaminate; however,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
this practice will not provide accurate results with multiphase
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
liquids.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.3 This practice is to be used by personnel acquiring
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
samples.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.4 The dipper is best used to take a surface sample of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
liquid. No attempt should be made to take subsurface samples
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
with a dipper because mixing and dilution will occur as the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
dipper is brought to the surface. Subsurface layers must be
sampled using a device that can be closed prior to bringing it
2. Referenced Documents
to the surface (for example, a COLIWASA, tube sampler, or
bottle sampler).
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
4.5 The dipper is not appropriate for sampling multiphase
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment
liquids if quantitative characterization is needed.
Used at Waste Sites
4.6 When volatile organic analysis (VOA) will be
2.2 Other Documents:
performed, samples obtained with a dipper should be poured
EPA-600/2-80-018 Samplers and Sampling Procedures for
into an appropriate container (VOA vial) with minimal air
Hazardous Waste Streams
contact and agitation.
EPA-600/4-84-076 Characterization of Hazardous Waste
4.7 This practice should be used in conjunction with Guide
Sites-A Methods Manual: Volume II. Available Sampling
D4687, which covers sampling plans, safety, quality assurance
Methods, Second Edition
(QA), preservation, decontamination, labeling, and chain-of-
custody procedures; also Practice D5088, which covers decon-
tamination of field equipment used at waste sites. Other
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
documents pertinent to this practice are EPA-600/2-80-018 and
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.03 on
EPA-600/4-84-076.
...

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5.2 This guide may be used by personnel who have no formal workplan. It draws their attention to issues that must be addressed before, during, and after taking a sample. It provides guidance in choosing the sampling technique and equipment suitable for specific situations. It can serve as a training tool for those who are unfamiliar with sampling. It is recommended that this guide be used as a supplement to a written workplan.  
5.3 Some sections of this guide contain flow charts (see Figs. 1-5) that must be worked through, starting from the top of each page. By answering the questions in the diamond-shaped boxes, and following the appropriate arrows, the person planning to sample will be guided toward the most suitable procedures and equipment. The numbers at the bottom of some boxes refer to corresponding paragraphs in the text, which provide information to help the person sampling answer the questions.  
FIG. 8 COLIWASA  
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5.1 Wipe sampling is typically used by persons involved in hazardous waste site investigations to characterize the areal extent and the level of contamination on walls, floors, equipment, etc. Wipe sampling is also used to determine compliance with regulations.  
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1.1 This practice addresses sampling of organic compounds (that is, PCBs, dioxins, many pesticides and similar compounds) from smooth nonporous surfaces using a solvent-wetted wipe sampling method. Samples are collected in a manner that permits the solvent extraction of the organic compound(s) of interest from the wipes and subsequent determination using a laboratory analysis technique such as gas chromatography with a suitable detector. This practice is, however, unsuitable for the collection of volatile organic compounds.  
1.2 This practice should only be used to collect samples for the determination of organic compound(s) on a loading basis (for example, mass per unit area). It cannot be used to collect samples for the determination of organic compounds on a concentration basis (for example, mass per unit mass).  
1.3 This wipe sampling practice is not recommended for collecting samples of organic compounds from rough or porous surfaces such as upholstery, carpeting, brick, rough concrete, ceiling tiles, and bare wood. It is also not intended for the collection of dust samples (see Guide E1278) or sampling to estimate human exposure to contaminated surfaces.  
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ABSTRACT
This guide defines terms and introduces basic methods for probability sampling of discrete populations, areas, and bulk materials. It provides an overview of common probability sampling methods employed by users of ASTM standards. This guide also describes the principal types of sampling designs and provides formulas for estimating population means and standard errors of the estimates.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide describes the principal types of sampling designs and provides formulas for estimating population means and standard errors of the estimates. Practice E105 provides principles for designing probability sampling plans in relation to the objectives of study, costs, and practical constraints. Practice E122 aids in specifying the required sample size. Practice E141 describes conditions to ensure validity of the results of sampling. Further description of the designs and formulas in this guide, and beyond it, can be found in textbooks (1-10).3  
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This guide identifies statistical procedures for use in developing new test methods or revising or evaluating existing test methods, or both. It also cites statistical procedures especially useful in the application of test methods. This standard recommends what approaches may be taken and indicates which standards may be used to perform such assessments.
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5.1 This practice is suitable for the determination of extractable substances that may be found in materials used in systems or components requiring a high level of cleanliness, such as oxygen systems. Soft goods, such as seals and valve seats, may be tested as received. Gloves and wipes, or samples thereof, to be used in cleaning operations may be evaluated prior to use to ensure that the proposed extracting agent does not extract or deposit chemicals, or both, on the surface to be cleaned.  
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1.1 This practice may be used to extract nonvolatile and semivolatile residues from materials such as new and used gloves, new and used wipes, component soft goods, and so forth. When used with proposed cleaning materials (wipes, gloves, and so forth), this practice may be used to determine the potential of the proposed solvent or other fluids to extract contaminants (plasticizers, residual detergents, brighteners, and so forth) and deposit them on the surface being cleaned.  
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5.1 Background—In a single laboratory, the limit of quantitation, LOQ, equal to ten times the standard deviation obtained under repeatability conditions extrapolated to zero concentration (s0) based on samples with close to zero concentrations has been recommended.3 A test result at this LOQ has an uncertainty of ±30 % at the 99 % confidence level.  
5.1.1 This practice uses a regression technique to determine a similar limit for a test method (PLOQ) using statistically pooled repeatability standard deviations over multiple operators/laboratories/samples from ILS data. This PLOQ can be used by industry to assess the reliability of a test method, or, compare reliability of different test methods, for quantitative measurement at concentrations near zero. Similarly, quantitative test results obtained using the test method for levels at or below the PLOQ can be expected by industry to have an uncertainty of ±30 % or greater at the 95 % confidence level.  
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5.2 Values below the PLOQ are deemed by this practice to be too uncertain for meaningful use in commerce, or in regulatory activities.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of standard regression techniques and data from an interlaboratory study to determine a lower quantitative limit for a test method. This determined lower limit represents the numerical limit at or above which the test results are considered to be quantitatively meaningful for commerce or regulatory activities by this practice. It is defined by this standard as the pooled limit of quantitation (PLOQ) for the test method.  
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ABSTRACT
This practice describes the techniques for planning, conducting, analyzing, and treating the results of an interlaboratory study (ILS) of a test method. The statistical techniques described in this practice provide adequate information for formulating the precision statement of a test method. This practice is also concerned exclusively with test methods which yield a single numerical figure as the test result, although the single figure may be the outcome of a calculation from a set of measurements. ASTM regulations require precision statements in all test methods in terms of repeatability and reproducibility and knowledge of the test method precision is useful in commerce and in technical work when comparing test results against standard values or between data sources.
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4.1 ASTM regulations require precision statements in all test methods in terms of repeatability and reproducibility. This practice may be used in obtaining the needed information as simply as possible. This information may then be used to prepare a precision statement in accordance with Practice E177. Knowledge of the test method precision is useful in commerce and in technical work when comparing test results against standard values (such as specification limits) or between data sources (different laboratories, instruments, etc.).  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the techniques for planning, conducting, analyzing, and treating the results of an interlaboratory study (ILS) of a test method. The statistical techniques described in this practice provide adequate information for formulating the precision statement of a test method.  
1.2 This practice does not concern itself with the development of test methods but rather with gathering the information needed for a test method precision statement after the development stage has been successfully completed. The data obtained in the interlaboratory study may indicate, however, that further effort is needed to improve the test method.  
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1.4 Field of Application—This practice is concerned exclusively with test methods which yield a single numerical figure as the test result, although the single figure may be the outcome of a calculation from a set of measurements.  
1.4.1 This practice ...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method compares the performance of granular or pelletized activated carbons used in odor control applications, such as sewage treatment plants, pump stations, etc. The method determines the relative breakthrough performance of activated carbon for removing hydrogen sulfide from a humidified gas stream. Other organic contaminants present in field operations may affect the H2S breakthrough capacity of the carbon; these are not addressed by this test. This test does not simulate actual conditions encountered in an odor control application, and is therefore meant only to compare the hydrogen sulfide breakthrough capacities of different carbons under the conditions of the laboratory test.  
5.2 This test does not duplicate conditions that an adsorber would encounter in practical service. The mass transfer zone in the 23 cm column used in this test is proportionally much larger than that in the typical bed used in industrial applications. This difference favors a carbon that functions more rapidly for removal of H2S over a carbon with slower kinetics. Also, the 1 % H2S challenge gas concentration used here engenders a significant temperature rise in the carbon bed. This effect may also differentiate between carbons in a way that is not reflected in the conditions of practical service.  
5.3 This standard as written is applicable only to granular and pelletized activated carbons with mean particle diameters less than 2.5 mm. Application of this standard to activated carbons with mean particle diameters (MPD) greater than 2.5 mm will require a larger diameter adsorption column. The ratio of column inside diameter to MPD should be greater than 10 in order to avoid wall effects. In these cases it is suggested that bed superficial velocity and contact time be held invariant at the conditions specified in this standard (4.77 cm/s and 4.8 s). Although not covered by this standard, data obtained from these tests may be reported as in paragraph 12 along with additional ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the performance of virgin, newly impregnated or in-service, granular or pelletized activated carbon for the removal of hydrogen sulfide from an air stream, under the laboratory test conditions described herein. A humidified air stream containing 1 % (by volume) hydrogen sulfide is passed through a carbon bed until 50 ppm breakthrough of H2S is observed. The H2S adsorption capacity of the carbon per unit volume at 99.5 % removal efficiency (g H2S/cm3 carbon) is then calculated. This test is not necessarily applicable to non-carbon adsorptive materials.  
1.2 This standard as written is applicable only to granular and pelletized activated carbons with mean particle diameters (MPD) less than 2.5 mm. See paragraph 5.3 if activated carbons with larger MPDs are to be tested.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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