ASTM F2115-19

Standard Specification for Motorized Treadmills

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the establishment of parameters for the design and manufacture of motorized treadmills. The treadmill shall be stable during intended use. Its edges in accessible areas shall be free of burrs and sharp edges and its corners in accessible areas shall be radiused or chamfered. Its tube ends in the exposed accessible areas shall be closed off either by other components or plugs, caps, or covers. In addition, the design of rotating parts shall avoid shear, pinch, or catch points by guarding, shielding, spacing, or other appropriate means. To reduce the risk of finger entrapment, the rear roller of the treadmill shall be designed or guarded. The guard or design shall function through the full range of inclination possible and through the full range of belt tension adjustment. Foot rails and handrails shall be present in all treadmills to facilitate user mounting and dismounting. Its moving surface shall be constructed to minimize foot slippage. The control panel for the operation of the treadmill shall be readily accessible by the user. The controls for a motorized treadmill shall incorporate a prominently labeled and user accessible stop switch. The stop switch causes the moving surface to decelerate and stop and stops the motion of any power-driven incline system. Stop mechanisms may include a push-button stop switch, a pull cord stop switch, an infrared beam switch, or other suitable means. Adequate warnings alerting users, third parties, and service personnel to hazards associated with treadmills shall be provided.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the establishment of parameters for the design and manufacture of motorized treadmills.  
1.2 It is the intent of this specification to specify products for use by individuals age 13 and above.  
1.3 This standard is to be used in conjunction with Specification F2276, Test Methods F2571, and Test Methods F2106.  
1.4 This standard takes precedence over Specification F2276 and Test Methods F2571 in areas that are specific to motorized treadmills.  
1.5 This specification2 establishes additional requirements not set forth in the referenced ASTM standards for the design of commercial fitness equipment to increase access and user independence by people with functional limitations or impairments.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2019
• ICS: 97.220.30 - Indoor sports equipment
• Technical Committee: F08 - Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities
• Drafting Committee: F08.30 - Fitness Products

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F2115-18 - Standard Specification for Motorized Treadmills
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Refers: ASTM F3021-23 - Standard Specification for Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limitations and Impairments
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2023
• Refers: ASTM F1749-15(2020) - Standard Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness Facility Safety Signage and Labels
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020
• Refers: ASTM F2106-18 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Motorized Treadmills
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Refers: ASTM F3021-17 - Standard Specification for Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limitations and Impairments
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2017
• Refers: ASTM F3021-16 - Standard Specification for Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limitations and Impairments
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2016
• Refers: ASTM F1749-15 - Standard Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness Facility Safety Signage and Labels
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2015
• Refers: ASTM F3021-15 - Standard Specification for Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limitations and Impairments
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2015
• Refers: ASTM F3021-14 - Standard Specification for Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limitations and Impairments
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2014
• Refers: ASTM F3021-13 - Standard Specification for Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limitations and Impairments
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Refers: ASTM F2106-12 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Motorized Treadmills
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2012
• Refers: ASTM F2276-10 - Standard Specification for Fitness Equipment
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2010
• Refers: ASTM F2106-03(2010) - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Motorized Treadmills
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2010
• Refers: ASTM F2571-09 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Fitness Equipment
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2009
• Refers: ASTM F2276-09 - Standard Specification for Fitness Equipment
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2009

Overview

ASTM F2115-19: Standard Specification for Motorized Treadmills sets forth comprehensive requirements for the design, manufacture, and labeling of motorized treadmills used for fitness and rehabilitation. Developed by ASTM International, this standard is intended to promote safety, accessibility, and user independence, especially for individuals aged 13 and above. The specification addresses both commercial and consumer treadmills and highlights critical parameters including design stability, user interface accessibility, hazard mitigation, and documentation.

By establishing these parameters, ASTM F2115-19 minimizes the risk of injury during treadmill operation, enhances usability for users with disabilities, and ensures consistent product quality across the industry.

Key Topics

• Design & Construction

  • Stability during use and storage
  • Burr-free, radiused or chamfered edges and corners
  • Guarding/covering of exposed tubing and rotating parts to eliminate pinch and shear points
  • Guarded rear roller to prevent finger entrapment through the full range of incline and tension settings

• User Accessibility

  • Foot rails and handrails for safe mounting and dismounting
  • Non-slip surfaces on foot rails and moving belts
  • Easy-to-reach control panels and stop switches
  • Enhanced accessibility per universal design requirements for users with functional limitations or disabilities

• Safety Controls

  • Prominently labeled, user-accessible emergency stop switches (push-button, pull-cord, infrared, or similar)
  • Stop mechanism halts the moving surface and any incline system safely
  • Immobilization options to prevent unauthorized use (e.g., keys, removable power cords)

• Labeling & Documentation

  • Safety warnings and signage compliant with ASTM F1749
  • Owner’s and user’s manual with clear safety instructions, maintenance, and emergency procedures
  • Indication of recommended clearances around the machine for safe use and emergency dismount

• Performance & Endurance

  • Minimum requirements for operational durability under repeated use
  • Static and endurance load capabilities based on user weight ratings
  • Functional testing of stop devices and mechanisms

Applications

ASTM F2115-19 is used by:

• Manufacturers and Designers of motorized treadmills to ensure products meet fitness equipment safety standards and accessibility goals.
• Commercial Operators (gyms, fitness centers, rehabilitation clinics) to select equipment that meets international safety and accessibility standards, reducing liability and increasing user trust.
• Regulatory Agencies and Auditors who evaluate compliance with safety, health, and accessibility requirements, including those referenced for ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) compliance.
• Specifiers and Facility Managers who need to ensure proper selection, installation, and maintenance of motorized treadmills, particularly in environments serving diverse populations.

By meeting ASTM F2115-19, treadmills are designed with essential features such as emergency stop accessibility, slip-resistant walking belts, clear safety warnings, and appropriate clearances - all vital for user safety in public and private health and fitness settings.

Related Standards

• ASTM F2276: Specification for Fitness Equipment - foundational requirements for commercial fitness machines.
• ASTM F2106: Test Methods for Motorized Treadmills - for evaluating treadmill performance characteristics.
• ASTM F2571: Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Fitness Equipment.
• ASTM F1749: Standard for Safety Signage and Labeling in Fitness Facilities.
• ASTM F3021: Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use.
• UL 1647: Motor Operated Massage and Exercise Machines - electrical safety standard.
• EN 957: European safety standards for stationary training equipment.

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Keywords: ASTM F2115-19, motorized treadmill standard, treadmill safety, treadmill accessibility, fitness equipment standard, emergency stop treadmill, treadmill labeling requirements, universal design fitness equipment, ADA treadmill compliance

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:F2115 −19 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Motorized Treadmills
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2115; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Thegoalofthisspecificationistopromoteproperdesignandmanufacturingpracticesformotorized
treadmills. Through these specifications this standard aims to assist designers and manufacturers in
reducing the possibility of injury when these products are used in accordance with the operational
instructions.
The equipment user must recognize, however, that a standard alone will not necessarily prevent
injuries.Likeotherphysicalactivities,exerciseinvolvingfitnessequipmentinvolvestheriskofinjury,
particularly if the equipment is used improperly or not properly maintained. In addition, users with
physical limitations should seek medical advice or instruction from the fitness facility, or both, prior
to using this equipment. Certain physical conditions or limitations may preclude some persons from
using this equipment as intended by the manufacturer, and using this equipment may increase the risk
of injury.
1. Scope 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This specification covers the establishment of param-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
eters for the design and manufacture of motorized treadmills.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.2 It is the intent of this specification to specify products
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
for use by individuals age 13 and above.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.3 This standard is to be used in conjunction with Speci-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ficationF2276,TestMethodsF2571,andTestMethodsF2106.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.4 This standard takes precedence over Specification
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
F2276 and Test Methods F2571 in areas that are specific to
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
motorized treadmills.
2. Referenced Documents
1.5 This specification establishes additional requirements
not set forth in the referencedASTM standards for the design 3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of commercial fitness equipment to increase access and user
F1749Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness Fa-
independence by people with functional limitations or impair-
cility Safety Signage and Labels
ments.
F2106TestMethodsforEvaluatingDesignandPerformance
Characteristics of Motorized Treadmills
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
F2276Specification for Fitness Equipment
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only. F2571TestMethodsforEvaluatingDesignandPerformance
Characteristics of Fitness Equipment
F3021Specification for Universal Design of Fitness Equip-
ment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limi-
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F08 on Sports
tations and Impairments
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F08.30 on Fitness Products.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019. Published January 2020. Originally
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as F2115–18. DOI:
10.1520/F2115-19. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
This work was funded, in part, by the Rehabilitation Engineering Research contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
CenteronRecTechthroughtheNationalInstituteonDisability,IndependentLiving, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
and Rehabilitation Research grant #90RE5009-01-00. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2115−19
FIG. 1Treadmill Terminology
2.2 UL Standard: 3.3.7 foot rail, n—area beside the moving surface intended
UL 1647Motor Operated Massage and Exercise Machines for the user to stand on when mounting or dismounting or
during a pause.
3. Terminology
3.3.8 grippable surface, n—the area of the hand grips
3.1 The terms listed below are unique to this specification.
intendedbythemanufacturertobegraspedbytheuser’shands
For terms not defined below, refer to Specifications F2276 and
forbalance,stabilityand/orbodyweightsupportduringaccess,
F3021.
egress, and/or exercise.
3.2 For treadmill terminology, see Fig. 1.
3.3.9 hand grips, n—the intended means that are provided
forausertoenhancebalanceandstabilitybypartiallyortotally
3.3 Definitions:
supporting the user’s weight with the user’s hands or arms.
3.3.1 adjustable incline system, n—components that allow
3.3.9.1 Discussion—This may include handrails, handle
the user to vary the angle of the moving surface relative to the
bars,ergobars,bullhornsandotherstructuralsupportsurfaces.
floor.
3.3.10 longitudinal centerline, n—the centerline of the
3.3.2 control panel, n—machine/user interface device for
treadmill that runs along the direction of travel of the moving
controllingtheoperationofordisplayinginformationaboutthe
surface and splits the unit into equal left and right halves from
operational state of the treadmill.
the user’s perspective when on the unit.
3.3.3 cycle, n—refers to one application of load to specifi-
3.3.11 motorized drive, n—system that causes motion in the
cations required in the standard followed by removal of that
moving surface—utilizing a power source other than the user.
load.
3.3.4 deck, n—componentthatsupportsthemovingsurface. 3.3.12 moving surface, n—portionoftreadmillonwhichthe
user walks or runs.
3.3.5 emergency stop, n—deviceonthetreadmillthat,when
actuated, stops driving the moving surface and lift actuator to 3.3.13 pull-cord, n—a cord attached to the emergency stop
stop the treadmill motion in accordance with the deceleration
and designed to be clipped or otherwise attached to the user.
requirements set forth in this specification.
3.3.14 roller, n—cylindrical component of the treadmill
3.3.6 folding treadmill, n—treadmill that is designed with
used to tension or support the moving surface.
somecomponentsthatcanbemovedtoallowamorecompact,
3.3.15 steady state unloaded condition, n—operational state
non-usable storage position.
of the treadmill in which no user or other externally applied
load has been applied to the treadmill and the moving surface
speed has been allowed to stabilize as commanded by the user
Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Corporate Progress, 333
Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062. interface.
F2115−19
3.3.16 treadmill, n—motorized stationary exercise device 4.2.3 All treadmills shall be equipped with foot rails to
that allows the user to walk, jog, or run by means of traversing facilitate user mounting and dismounting.
a continuous moving surface.
4.2.3.1 Foot rails shall be adjacent to the moving surface
3.3.17 user support means, n—see hand grips. andshallextendforwardofLineAtoeitherthemotorcoveror
upright masts of the treadmill, and shall extend rearward of
4. Design and Construction Requirements
Line A to the end caps near the rear roller. See Fig. 3.
4.1 Stability—The treadmill shall be stable during intended
4.2.3.2 For foot rail lateral spacing of 950 mm (37.4 in.) or
use and storage. Test in accordance with Test Methods F2106.
less,theminimumfootrailsurfacewidthdimensionshallbe75
mm (3.0 in.). For foot rails spaced greater than 950 mm (37.4
4.2 Exterior Design:
in.), the minimum foot rail surface width dimension shall be
4.2.1 The rear roller of the treadmill shall be designed or
150 mm (5.9 in.). See Fig. 3.
guarded to reduce the risk of finger entrapment. The guard or
design shall function through the full range of inclination
4.2.4 Moving Surface—On institutional treadmills, visual
possible and through the full range of belt tension adjustment.
movement markings shall be provided on the moving surface.
The guard configurations shown in Fig. 2 are suggestions that
These markings shall be permanently affixed to, or be part of,
may reduce the risks associated with this area. Fig. 2 assumes
the moving surface. These markings shall be of a contrasting
that the treadmill is maintained and adjusted per manufactur-
color to the rest of the moving surface. A portion of these
er’s recommendations.
markingsshallalwaysbevisiblewhenthemovingsurfaceisin
4.2.1.1 The intention of Fig. 2 is to show some possible
operation. The markings shall be a minimum width of 50 mm
alternatives that have been used previously on treadmills to
(2.0 in.) by a minimum 150 mm (5.9 in.) in length. Between
guard the rear roller area. This figure is not intended to limit
two markings a minimum space the size of one marking shall
alternativesthatmaymoreeffectivelyaddressthehazardthatis
be provided. See Fig. 4.
present at the rear roller. The function of the guard is to
4.2.5 Moving Surface Slip Resistance—The moving surface
minimize the possibility of finger entrapment between the
shall be constructed to minimize foot slippage.
roller and the moving surface and between the frame and the
4.2.6 Hand Grips and Grippable Surfaces:
endoftherollerwithoutintroducinganundotrippinghazardto
the user of the treadmill. 4.2.6.1 Institutional and consumer treadmills that can sup-
4.2.2 Electrical elements shall be guarded so as to meet or port speeds above 5.0 km/h (3.1 mph) shall be equipped with
exceed UL 1647. grippable surfaces to enhance stability and provide support to
FIG. 2Examples of Rear Roller Guarding
F2115−19
FIG. 3Top View of Required Foot Rail Dimensions
FIG. 4Example of Color Value Contrast on Treadmill Belt
the user. Grippable surfaces shall comply with Specification maximum incline position. See 4.2.6.4(1) for procedure for
F2276 hand grip non-slip specifications. defining horizontal planes P3 and P4 (see Figs. 5 and 6).
4.2.6.2 Grippable surfaces shall each have a minimum (1) Procedure for Defining Horizontal Planes P1, P2, P3,
continuous length of 175 mm (6.9 in.). and P4 for Evaluating Grippable Surface Height
4.2.6.3 Institutional and consumer treadmills shall have Requirements—First,determinethepositionofareferenceline,
grippable surfaces located symmetrically about the longitudi- Line A, on top of the moving surface of the treadmill by
nal centerline of the treadmill. At least two symmetrically referring to Fig. 3. Define the usable moving surface on the
located grippable surfaces, each of minimum continuous treadmill in the following way: Define a rectangle centered on
length,shallbelocatedentirelywithin480mm(18.9in.)ofthe thelongitudinalcenterlineofthetreadmillthatistheminimum
longitudinal centerline of the unit. width as defined in Table 1, where the rear edge of the
4.2.6.4 At least the top surfaces of two symmetrically rectangleislocatedatthetoptangentlineoftherearroller,and
located grippable surfaces, each of minimum continuous where the front edge of the rectangle is located as far forward
length, shall be located between horizontal planes P1 and P2 onthetreadmillaspossiblewithouttherectangleencountering
when the treadmill is set to its minimum incline position. See anything other than the moving surface (excluding rear roller
4.2.6.4(1) for procedure for defining horizontal planes P1 and guards). The rectangle defines the usable moving area of the
P2.Atleasttwosymmetricallylocatedgrippablesurfaces,each treadmill, and the length of this rectangle is length L. Define
of minimum continuous length, shall be located between LineAas a line on top of the moving surface that is located a
horizontal planes P3 and P4 when treadmill is set to its distance L/3 rearward from the front edge of the rectangle.
F2115−19
NOTE 1—With the treadmill at its minimum incline position, define a first horizontal plane P1 measured 800 mm (31.5 in.) above LineA, and define
a second horizontal plane P2 measured 950 mm (37.4 in.) above Line A.
FIG. 5Reference Plane Locations When Treadmill is at its Minimum Incline Position
NOTE 1—With the treadmill at its maximum incline position, define a third horizontal plane P3 measured 800 mm (31.5 in.) above LineA, and define
a fourth horizontal plane P4 measured 950 mm (37.4 in.) above Line A.
FIG. 6Reference Plane Locations When Treadmill is at its Maximum Incline Position
F2115−19
TABLE 1 Minimum Dimensions of the Usable Moving Surface
sight and located in front of the user, with no physical
For Institutional Treadmills obstruction to interfere with access from the center, left, or
Maximum Speed Minimum Width Minimum Length
right.
0 to 9.7 kph (0 to 6 mph) 400 mm (15.8 in.) 815 mm (32.1 in.)
>9.7 to 13 kph (>6 to 8.1 mph) 400 mm (15.8 in.) 965 mm (38 in.)
NOTE 1—Handrails or other necessary structure will not be considered
>13 to 16 kph (>8.1 to 9.9 mph) 400 mm (15.8 in.) 1090 mm (42.9 in.)
a physical obstruction.
>16 kph (>9.9 mph) 400 mm (15.8 in.) 1270 mm (50 in.)
For Consumer Treadmills
4.6.1.3 Uponemergencystopactivation,themovingsurface
Maximum Speed Minimum Width Minimum Length
shall decelerate to a stop.
0 to 9.7 kph (0 to 6 mph) 325 mm (12.8 in.) 815 mm (32.1 in.)
>9.7 to 13 kph (>6 to 8.1 mph) 350 mm (13.8 in.) 965 mm (38 in.)
4.6.1.4 Upon reset of the emergency stop the incline shall
>13 to 16 kph (>8.1 to 9.9 mph) 350 mm (13.8 in.) 1090 mm (42.9 in.)
return to 0 %.
>16 kph (>19.9 mph) 400 mm (15.8 in.) 1270 mm (50 in.)
4.6.1.5 Emergency stops shall be of a shape, size and color
that are easily distinguishable from other available controls as
defined in the following sections.
4.6.1.6 For push-button emergency stops, when only one is
present, it shall be located within 180 mm (7.1 in.) of the
4.2.6.5 Each grippable surface shall withstand a vertical
longitudinal centerline of the unit. When two or more push-
load of 1.0× the maximum user weight specified by the
buttonemergencystopsarepresentandnotcentrallylocated,at
manufacturer or 135 kg (297.6 lb), whichever is greater,
least two shall be symmetrically located on both sides of the
without breakage. The test load shall be distributed equally
unit.
between the two grippable surfaces.
4.6.1.7 Push-button emergency stops shall have a minimum
4.3 Endurance Loading:
2 2
surface of 700 mm (1.1 in. ).
4.3.1 Treadmills shall function per manufacturer’s specifi-
4.6.1.8 Push-button emergency stop shall be red in color.
cations after endurance loading as follows:
4.6.1.9 Pull-cord emergency stop shall be located within
4.3.1.1 Consumer Treadmills—2 cycles/s × 3600 s/h×1h
180 mm (7.1 in.) of the longitudinal centerline of the unit.
usage/week × 52 weeks = 375 000 cycles minimum applied to
4.6.1.10 The pull-cord emergency stop shall be activated
the stationary moving surface at a load equal to 1.5× the
when the pull-cord is pulled in the horizontal longitudinal
maximum specified user weight.
direction with a maximum force equal to 50 % of the force
4.3.1.2 Institutional Treadmills—2cycles/s×3600s/h×7h
requiredforreleasingthecordattachmentfromtypicalexercise
usage/week × 52 weeks = 2 620 000 cycles minimum applied
clothing.
to the stationary moving surface at a load equal to 1.5× the
4.6.1.11 The pull-cord shall have a suitable length so that
maximum specified user weight.
the emergency stop is activated at a position not further than
4.3.2 Switches and switch actuation mechanisms for con-
the distance from the front of the running surface equal to 70
trollingthestop,pause,orendfunctionsshallfunctionproperly
% of the length of the running surface.
as follows:
4.6.1.12 The pull-cord actuator shall be red in color.
4.3.2.1 Consumer Treadmills—3 times/h × 5 h/week × 52
weeks/year × a safety factor of 2 = 1560 actuations. 4.6.2 If the motorized treadmill is equipped with a speed
4.3.2.2 Institutional Treadmills—3 t
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2115 − 18 F2115 − 19 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Motorized Treadmills
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2115; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The goal of this specification is to promote proper design and manufacturing practices for motorized
treadmills. Through these specifications this standard aims to assist designers and manufacturers in
reducing the possibility of injury when these products are used in accordance with the operational
instructions.
The equipment user must recognize, however, that a standard alone will not necessarily prevent
injuries. Like other physical activities, exercise involving fitness equipment involves the risk of injury,
particularly if the equipment is used improperly or not properly maintained. In addition, users with
physical limitations should seek medical advice or instruction from the fitness facility, or both, prior
to using this equipment. Certain physical conditions or limitations may preclude some persons from
using this equipment as intended by the manufacturer, and using this equipment may increase the risk
of injury.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers the establishment of parameters for the design and manufacture of motorized treadmills.
1.2 It is the intent of this specification to specify products for use by individuals age 13 and above.
1.3 This standard is to be used in conjunction with Specification F2276, Test Methods F2571, and Test Methods F2106.
1.4 This standard takes precedence over Specification F2276 and Test Methods F2571 in areas that are specific to motorized
treadmills.
1.5 This specification establishes additional requirements not set forth in the referenced ASTM standards for the design of
commercial fitness equipment to increase access and user independence by people with functional limitations or impairments.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1749 Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness Facility Safety Signage and Labels
F2106 Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Motorized Treadmills
F2276 Specification for Fitness Equipment
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F08.30 on Fitness Products.
Current edition approved June 1, 2018Dec. 1, 2019. Published August 2018January 2020. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20122018 as
F2115 – 12.F2115 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/F2115-18.10.1520/F2115-19.
This work was funded, in part, by the Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on RecTech through the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and
Rehabilitation Research grant #90RE5009-01-00.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2115 − 19
FIG. 1 Treadmill Terminology
F2571 Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Fitness Equipment
F3021 Specification for Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limitations and
Impairments
2.2 UL Standard:
UL 1647 Motor Operated Massage and Exercise Machines
3. Terminology
3.1 The terms listed below are unique to this specification. For terms not defined below, refer to Specifications F2276 and
F3021.
3.2 For treadmill terminology, see Fig. 1.
3.3 Definitions:
3.3.1 adjustable incline system, n—components that allow the user to vary the angle of the moving surface relative to the floor.
3.3.2 control panel, n—machine/user interface device for controlling the operation of or displaying information about the
operational state of the treadmill.
3.3.3 cycle, n—refers to one application of load to specifications required in the standard followed by removal of that load.
3.3.4 deck, n—component that supports the moving surface.
3.3.5 emergency stop, n—device on the treadmill that, when actuated, stops driving the moving surface and lift actuator to stop
the treadmill motion in accordance with the deceleration requirements set forth in this specification.
3.3.6 folding treadmill, n—treadmill that is designed with some components that can be moved to allow a more compact,
non-usable storage position.
3.3.7 foot rail, n—area beside the moving surface intended for the user to stand on when mounting or dismounting or during
a pause.
3.3.8 grippable surface, n—the area of the hand grips intended by the manufacturer to be grasped by the user’s hands for
balance, stability and/or body weight support during access, egress, and/or exercise.
3.3.9 hand grips, n—the intended means that are provided for a user to enhance balance and stability by partially or totally
supporting the user’s weight with the user’s hands or arms.
Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Corporate Progress, 333 Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.
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3.3.9.1 Discussion—
This may include handrails, handle bars, ergo bars, bull horns and other structural support surfaces.
3.3.10 longitudinal centerline, n—the centerline of the treadmill that runs along the direction of travel of the moving surface
and splits the unit into equal left and right halves from the user’s perspective when on the unit.
3.3.11 motorized drive, n—system that causes motion in the moving surface—utilizing a power source other than the user.
3.3.12 moving surface, n—portion of treadmill on which the user walks or runs.
3.3.13 pull-cord, n—a cord attached to the emergency stop and designed to be clipped or otherwise attached to the user.
3.3.14 roller, n—cylindrical component of the treadmill used to tension or support the moving surface.
3.3.15 steady state unloaded condition, n—operational state of the treadmill in which no user or other externally applied load
has been applied to the treadmill and the moving surface speed has been allowed to stabilize as commanded by the user interface.
3.3.16 treadmill, n—motorized stationary exercise device that allows the user to walk, jog, or run by means of traversing a
continuous moving surface.
3.3.17 user support means, n—see hand grips.
4. Design and Construction Requirements
4.1 Stability—The treadmill shall be stable during intended use and storage. Test in accordance with Test Methods F2106.
4.2 Exterior Design:
4.2.1 The rear roller of the treadmill shall be designed or guarded to reduce the risk of finger entrapment. The guard or design
shall function through the full range of inclination possible and through the full range of belt tension adjustment. The guard
configurations shown in Fig. 2 are suggestions that may reduce the risks associated with this area. Fig. 2 assumes that the treadmill
is maintained and adjusted per manufacturer’s recommendations.
4.2.1.1 The intention of Fig. 2 is to show some possible alternatives that have been used previously on treadmills to guard the
rear roller area. This figure is not intended to limit alternatives that may more effectively address the hazard that is present at the
rear roller. The function of the guard is to minimize the possibility of finger entrapment between the roller and the moving surface
and between the frame and the end of the roller without introducing an undo tripping hazard to the user of the treadmill.
4.2.2 Electrical elements shall be guarded so as to meet or exceed UL 1647.
FIG. 2 Examples of Rear Roller Guarding
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4.2.3 All treadmills shall be equipped with foot rails to facilitate user mounting and dismounting.
4.2.3.1 Foot rails shall be adjacent to the moving surface and shall extend forward of Line A to either the motor cover or upright
masts of the treadmill, and shall extend rearward of Line A to the end caps near the rear roller. See Fig. 3.
4.2.3.2 For foot rail lateral spacing of 950 mm (37.4 in.) or less, the minimum foot rail surface width dimension shall be 75
mm (2.9(3.0 in.). For foot rails spaced greater than 950 mm (37.4 in.), the minimum foot rail surface width dimension shall be
150 mm (5.9 in.). See Fig. 3.
4.2.4 Moving Surface—On institutional treadmills, visual movement markings shall be provided on the moving surface. These
markings shall be permanently affixed to, or be part of, the moving surface. These markings shall be of a contrasting color to the
rest of the moving surface. A portion of these markings shall always be visible when the moving surface is in operation. The
markings shall be a minimum width of 50 mm (2.0 in.) by a minimum 150 mm (5.9 in.) in length. Between two markings a
minimum space the size of one marking shall be provided. See Fig. 4.
4.2.5 Moving Surface Slip Resistance—The moving surface shall be constructed to minimize foot slippage.
4.2.6 Hand Grips and Grippable Surfaces:
4.2.6.1 Institutional and consumer treadmills that can support speedspeeds above 5.0 km/h (3.1 mph) shall be equipped with
grippable surfaces to enhance stability and provide support to the user. Grippable surfaces shall comply with Specification F2276
hand grip non-slip specifications.
4.2.6.2 Grippable surfaces shall each have a minimum continuous length of 175 mm (6.9 in.).
4.2.6.3 Institutional and consumer treadmills shall have grippable surfaces located symmetrically about the longitudinal
centerline of the treadmill. At least two symmetrically located grippable surfaces, each of minimum continuous length, shall be
located entirely within 480 mm (18.9 in.) of the longitudinal centerline of the unit.
4.2.6.4 At least the top surfaces of two symmetrically located grippable surfaces, each of minimum continuous length, shall be
located between horizontal planes P1 and P2 when the treadmill is set to its minimum incline position. See 4.2.6.4(1) for procedure
for defining horizontal planes P1 and P2. At least two symmetrically located grippable surfaces, each of minimum continuous
length, shall be located between horizontal planes P3 and P4 when treadmill is set to its maximum incline position. See 4.2.6.4(1)
for procedure for defining horizontal planes P3 and P4 (see Figs. 5 and 6).
(1) Procedure for Defining Horizontal Planes P1, P2, P3, and P4 for Evaluating Grippable Surface Height Requirements—
First, determine the position of a reference line, Line A, on top of the moving surface of the treadmill by referring to Fig. 3. Define
the usable moving surface on the treadmill in the following way: Define a rectangle centered on the longitudinal centerline of the
treadmill that is the minimum width as defined in Table 1, where the rear edge of the rectangle is located at the top tangent line
of the rear roller, and where the front edge of the rectangle is located as far forward on the treadmill as possible without the
rectangle encountering anything other than the moving surface (excluding rear roller guards). The rectangle defines the usable
moving area of the treadmill, and the length of this rectangle is length L. Define Line A as a line on top of the moving surface
that is located a distance L/3 rearward from the front edge of the rectangle.
4.2.6.5 Each grippable surface shall withstand a vertical load of 1.0× the maximum user weight specified by the manufacturer
or 135 kg (297.6 lb), whichever is greater, without breakage. The test load shall be distributed equally between the two grippable
surfaces.
4.3 Endurance Loading:
4.3.1 Treadmills shall function per manufacturer’s specifications after endurance loading as follows:
FIG. 3 Top View of Required Foot Rail Dimensions
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FIG. 4 Example of Color Value Contrast on Treadmill Belt/Deck and Handrail LengthBelt
NOTE 1—With the treadmill at its minimum incline position, define a first horizontal plane P1 measured 800 mm (31.5 in.) above Line A, and define
a second horizontal plane P2 measured 950 mm (37.4 in.) above Line A.
FIG. 5 Reference Plane Locations When Treadmill is at its Minimum Incline Position
4.3.1.1 Consumer Treadmills—2 cycles/s × 3600 s/h × 1 h usage/week × 52 weeks = 375 000 cycles minimum applied to the
stationary moving surface at a load equal to 1.5× the maximum specified user weight.
4.3.1.2 Institutional Treadmills—2 cycles/s × 3600 s/h × 7 h usage/week × 52 weeks = 2 620 000 cycles minimum applied to
the stationary moving surface at a load equal to 1.5× the maximum specified user weight.
4.3.2 Switches and switch actuation mechanisms for controlling the stop, pause, or end functions shall function properly as
follows:
4.3.2.1 Consumer Treadmills—3 times/h × 5 h/week × 52 weeks/year × a safety factor of 2 = 1560 actuations.
4.3.2.2 Institutional Treadmills—3 times/h × 50 h/week × 52 weeks/year × 3 years × a safety factor of 2 = 46 800 actuations.
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NOTE 1—With the treadmill at its maximum incline position, define a third horizontal plane P3 measured 800 mm (31.5 in.) above Line A, and define
a fourth horizontal plane P4 measured 950 mm (37.4 in.) above Line A.
FIG. 6 Reference Plane Locations When Treadmill is at its Maximum Incline Position
TABLE 1 Minimum Dimensions of the Usable Moving Surface
For Institutional Treadmills
Maximum Speed Minimum Width Minimum Length
0 to 9.7 kph (0 to 6 mph) 400 mm (15.8 in.) 815 mm (32.1 in.)
>9.7 to 13 kph (>6 to 8.1 mph) 400 mm (15.8 in.) 965 mm (38 in.)
>13 to 16 kph (>8.1 to 9.9 mph) 400 mm (15.8 in.) 1090 mm (42.9 in.)
>16 kph (>9.9 mph) 400 mm (15.8 in.) 1270 mm (50 in.)
For Consumer Treadmills
Maximum Speed Minimum Width Minimum Length
0 to 9.7 kph (0 to 6 mph) 325 mm (12.8 in.) 815 mm (32.1 in.)
>9.7 to 13 kph (>6 to 8.1 mph) 350 mm (13.8 in.) 965 mm (38 in.)
>13 to 16 kph (>8.1 to 9.9 mph) 350 mm (13.8 in.) 1090 mm (42.9 in.)
>16 kph (>19.9 mph) 400 mm (15.8 in.) 1270 mm (50 in.)
4.4 Static Loading—The moving surface and deck (if present) shall withstand a load equal to 4× maximum specified user weight
for institutional treadmills and 2.5× maximum specified user weight for consumer treadmills without breakage. The foot rails shall
withstand a load equal to 2× the maximum specified user weight without breakage.
4.5 Adjustable Incline System—The adjustable incline system, if the treadmill is so equipped, shall not move in excess of 25
mm/s (1 in./s) measured at any pinch or shear point created by the movement of the incline system.
4.6 Controls:
4.6.1 A motorized treadmill shall be equipped with at least one emergency stop.
4.6.1.1 Emergency stops shall be actuated by a push-button or a pull-cord.
4.6.1.2 Emergency stops shall be positioned to be easily actuated by the user or a third party, or both. All mechanically operated
safety stops, including tether/pull cord or similar, shall be located within reach accessible by a user or by a third party, and shall
be accessible from both the exercise position and from either side of the treadmill by a third party, treadmill, in a clear line of sight,
sight and located in front of the user, with no physical obstruction to interfere with access from the center, left, or right.
NOTE 1—Handrails or other necessary structure will not be considered a physical obstruction.
4.6.1.3 Upon emergency stop activation, the moving surface shall decelerate to a stop.
4.6.1.4 Upon reset of the emergency stop the incline shall return to 0 %.
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4.6.1.5 Emergency stops shall be of a shape, size and color that are easily distinguishable from other available controls as
defined in the following sections.
4.6.1.6 For push-button emergency stops, when o
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