ASTM D2652-05
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Activated Carbon
Standard Terminology Relating to Activated Carbon
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers terms particularly related to activated carbon and encompasses finished products, applications, and testing procedures.
1.2 When any of the definitions in this terminology are quoted or published out of context, editorially insert the limiting phrase "in activated carbon" after the dash following the term to properly limit the field of application of the term and definition.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D2652–05
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Activated Carbon
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2652; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope activated carbon—a family of carbonaceous substances
manufactured by processes that develop adsorptive proper-
1.1 This terminology covers terms particularly related to
ties.
activated carbon and encompasses finished products, applica-
activation—any process whereby a substance is treated to
tions, and testing procedures.
develop adsorptive properties.
1.2 When any of the definitions in this terminology are
activity—a generic term used to describe the capacity to
quoted or published out of context, editorially insert the
adsorb in general; also, the adsorptive capacity of an
limiting phrase “in activated carbon” after the dash following
adsorbent as measured by a standard test.
the term to properly limit the field of application of the term
adsorbate—any substance that is adsorbed.
and definition.
adsorbent—any solid having the ability to concentrate signifi-
2. Significance and Use
cant quantities of other substances on its surface.
adsorption—a process in which fluid molecules are concen-
2.1 This terminology ensures that terms peculiar to acti-
trated on a surface by chemical or physical forces, or both.
vated carbon are adequately defined so that other standards in
adsorption zone—see mass transfer zone.
which such terms are used can be understood and interpreted
ash—residue after the combustion of a substance under speci-
properly.
fied conditions.
2.2 This terminology is useful to those who are not conver-
as is basis—as received.
sant with the terms related to activated carbon. However, it is
breakpoint—the appearance in the effluent of a specified
also a ready reference for those directly associated with
concentration of an adsorbate.
activated carbon to resolve differences and ensure commonal-
breakthrough, n—the first appearance in the effluent of an
ityofusage,particularlyinthepreparationofASTMstandards.
adsorbate of interest under specified conditions.
2.3 Although this terminology is intended to promote uni-
channeling—the preferential flow of fluid through passages of
formity in the usage of terms related to activated carbon, it can
lower resistance that can occur in fixed beds or columns of
never be complete because new terms are constantly arising.
particles owing to nonuniform packing, irregular sizes and
The existence of this terminology does not preclude the use or
shapes of the particles, gas pockets, wall effects, and other
misuse of any term in another context.
causes.
3. Terminology
chemical adsorption— see chemisorption.
chemisorption (chemical adsorption)—the binding of an
abrasion resistance—the property of a particle to resist
adsorbate to the surface of a solid at strengths approximating
attrition or wearing away by friction.
those of a chemical bond.
absorption—a process in which fluid molecules are taken up
coadsorption—the adsorption of two or more components on
by a liquid or solid and distributed throughout the body of
an adsorbent, each affecting the adsorbability of the other.
that liquid or solid.
contact batch operation—an adsorption process in which an
accelerated adsorption tests—adsorption tests in which the
adsorbent is dispersed in a fluid to be treated and then
end point is hastened by testing at conditions more severe
separated when practical equilibrium is attained.
than those anticipated in service.
continuous moving bed—an adsorption process characterized
acid-extractable material—substances dissolved by an acid
by flow of a fluid through a continuously moving bed of
under specified conditions.
granular adsorbent with continuous withdrawal of spent
adsorbent and continuous addition of reprocessed or virgin
1
adsorbent.
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D28 on
Activated Carbon and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D28.03 on
countercurrent adsorption—an adsorption process in which
Nomenclature and Editorial.
the flow of fluid is in a direction opposite to the movement
Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published June 2005. Originally
of the adsorbent.
approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 2652 – 94 (1999).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2652–05
critical bed depth—the minimum depth of an adsorbent bed tity of component adsorbed per unit of adsorbent versus
required to contain the m
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.