ASTM D2652-05a
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Activated Carbon
Standard Terminology Relating to Activated Carbon
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers terms particularly related to activated carbon and encompasses finished products, applications, and testing procedures.
1.2 When any of the definitions in this terminology are quoted or published out of context, editorially insert the limiting phrase "in activated carbon" after the dash following the term to properly limit the field of application of the term and definition.
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Designation:D2652–05a
Standard Terminology Relating to
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Activated Carbon
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2652; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope acid-extractable material—substances dissolved by an acid
under specified conditions.
1.1 This terminology covers terms particularly related to
activated carbon—a family of carbonaceous substances
activated carbon and encompasses finished products, applica-
manufactured by processes that develop adsorptive proper-
tions, and testing procedures.
ties.
1.2 When any of the definitions in this terminology are
activation—any process whereby a substance is treated to
quoted or published out of context, editorially insert the
develop adsorptive properties.
limiting phrase “in activated carbon” after the dash following
activity—for activated carbon, the adsorptive capacity of an
the term to properly limit the field of application of the term
adsorbent, usually as measured by a standard test.
and definition.
adsorbate—any substance that is adsorbed.
2. Significance and Use
adsorbent—any solid having the ability to concentrate signifi-
cant quantities of other substances on its surface.
2.1 This terminology ensures that terms peculiar to acti-
adsorption—a process in which fluid molecules are concen-
vated carbon are adequately defined so that other standards in
trated on a surface by chemical or physical forces, or both.
which such terms are used can be understood and interpreted
adsorption zone—see mass transfer zone.
properly.
ash—residue after the combustion of a substance under speci-
2.2 This terminology is useful to those who are not conver-
fied conditions.
sant with the terms related to activated carbon. However, it is
as is basis—as received.
also a ready reference for those directly associated with
breakpoint—the appearance in the effluent of a specified
activated carbon to resolve differences and ensure commonal-
concentration of an adsorbate.
ityofusage,particularlyinthepreparationofASTMstandards.
breakthrough, n—the first appearance in the effluent of an
2.3 Although this terminology is intended to promote uni-
adsorbate of interest under specified conditions.
formity in the usage of terms related to activated carbon, it can
channeling—the preferential flow of fluid through passages of
never be complete because new terms are constantly arising.
lower resistance that can occur in fixed beds or columns of
The existence of this terminology does not preclude the use or
particles owing to nonuniform packing, irregular sizes and
misuse of any term in another context.
shapes of the particles, gas pockets, wall effects, and other
3. Terminology
causes.
chemical adsorption— see chemisorption.
abrasion resistance—the property of a particle to resist
chemisorption (chemical adsorption)—the binding of an
attrition or wearing away by friction.
adsorbate to the surface of a solid at strengths approximating
absorption—a process in which fluid molecules are taken up
those of a chemical bond.
by a liquid or solid and distributed throughout the body of
coadsorption—the adsorption of two or more components on
that liquid or solid.
an adsorbent, each affecting the adsorbability of the other.
accelerated adsorption tests—adsorption tests in which the
contact batch operation—an adsorption process in which an
end point is hastened by testing at conditions more severe
adsorbent is dispersed in a fluid to be treated and then
than those anticipated in service.
separated when practical equilibrium is attained.
continuous moving bed—an adsorption process characterized
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This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D28 on
by flow of a fluid through a continuously moving bed of
Activated Carbon and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D28.03 on
granular adsorbent with continuous withdrawal of spent
Nomenclature and Editorial.
adsorbent and continuous addition of reprocessed or virgin
Current edition approved July 1, 2005. Published July 2005. Originally approved
adsorbent.
in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D2652 – 05. DOI: 10.1520/
D2652-05A.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D2652–05a
countercurrent adsorption—an adsorption process in which which carbon has been added and has been thoroughly
the flow of fluid is in a direction opposite to the movement wetted.
of the adsorbent. fluidized bed—a bed of particles in which the fluid flows
critical bed depth—the minimum depth of an adso
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