ASTM B243-09
(Terminology)Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
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Designation:B243–09
Standard Terminology of
1
Powder Metallurgy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B243; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.6 Forging, 3.2.7
2.7 Metal Injection Molding, 3.2.8
1.1 This terminology standard includes definitions that are
helpful in the interpretation and application of powder metal-
3. Sintering:
lurgy terms.
3.1 Process for Sintering, 3.3.1
2. Referenced Documents 3.2 Conditions During Sintering, 3.3.2
2
3.3 Phenomena Resulting from Sintering, 3.3.3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.4 Properties of Sintered Parts, 3.3.4
B331 Test Method for Compressibility of Metal Powders in
3.5 Procedure to Evaluate Sintered Parts, 3.3.5
Uniaxial Compaction
3.6 Removal of Binders, 3.3.6
3. Terminology
4. Postsinter Treatments:
3.1 Powder—Terms associated with production, character-
4.1 Processes, 3.4.1
ization, use, and testing of metal powders.
5. Miscellaneous:
3.1.1 Table of Contents
5.1 Definitions, 3.5.1
1. Powders:
5.2 Processes, 3.5.2
1.0 General, 3.1.2
5.3 Materials, 3.5.3
1.1 Processes to Produce Powder, 3.1.3
1.2 Types of Powder, 3.1.4
3.1.2 General:
1.3 Shapes of Powder Particles, 3.1.5
agglomerate, n—several particles adhering together.
1.4 Additives to Powder, 3.1.6
metal powder, n—particles of elemental metals or alloys,
1.5 Treatment of Powder, 3.1.7
normally less than 1000 µm (1 mm) in size.
1.6 Properties of Powder, 3.1.8
particulate matter, n—see powder.
1.7 Procedures to Evaluate Powder, 3.1.9
PM, n—the acronym for powder metallurgy.
1.8 Equipment to Evaluate Powder, 3.1.10
powder, n—particles that are usually less than 1000 µm (1
mm) in size. Synonymous with particulate matter.
2. Forming:
powder metallurgy, n—the production and utilization of
2.0 General, 3.2.1
metal powders.
2.1 Processes for Compacting, 3.2.2
3.1.3 Processes to Produce Powder:
2.2 Tools Used for Compacting, 3.2.3
air classification, n—the separation of powder into particle
2.3 Phenomena Resulting from Compaction, 3.2.4
size fractions by means of an air stream of controlled velocity.
2.4 Types of Cracks, 3.2.5
atomization, n—the dispersion of a molten metal into
2.5 Properties of Compacts, 3.2.6
particles by a rapidly moving gas or liquid stream or by
mechanical means.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B09 on Metal
chemical deposition, n—the precipitation of one metal from
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
asolutionofitssaltsbytheadditionofanothermetalorreagent
mittee B09.01 on Nomenclature and Technical Data.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2009. Published March 2009. Originally to the solution.
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as B243–08a. DOI:
chemically precipitated metal powder, n—powder produced
10.1520/B0243-09.
bythereductionofametalfromasolutionofitssaltseitherby
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
theadditionofanothermetalhigherintheelectromotiveseries
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on or by other reducing agent.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B243–09
classification, n—separation of a powder into fractions powder mixture, n—a powder made by mixing two or more
according to particle size. powders of differing chemical composition, particle size dis-
tribution, particle shape, or a combination of these character-
disintegration, n—the reduction of massive material to
istics.
powder.
pre-alloyed powder, n—powder composed of two or more
gas classification, n—the separation of powder into particle
elements that are alloyed in the powder manufacturing process
size fractions by means of a gas stream of controlled velocity.
in which the particles are of the same nominal composition
granulation, n—the production of coarse metal particles by
throughout. Synonymous with completely alloyed powder.
pouringthemoltenmetalthroughascreenintowater(shotting)
premix, n—a uniform mixture of ingredients to a prescribed
or by violent agitation of the molten metal while solidifying.
analysis, prepared by the powder producer, for direct use in
milling, n—the mechanical treatment of metal powder, or
compacting powder metallurgy products.
metal powder mixtures, as in a ball mill, to alter the size or
sponge iron, n—a coherent, porous mass of substantially
shape of the individual
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:B243–08a Designation:B243–09
Standard Terminology of
1
Powder Metallurgy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B243; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology standard includes definitions that are helpful in the interpretation and application of powder metallurgy
terms.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B331 Test Method for Compressibility of Metal Powders in Uniaxial Compaction
3. Terminology
3.1 Powder—Terms associated with production, characterization, use, and testing of metal powders.
3.1.1 Table of Contents
1. Powders:
1.0 General, 3.1.2
1.1 Processes to Produce Powder, 3.1.3
1.2 Types of Powder, 3.1.4
1.3 Shapes of Powder Particles, 3.1.5
1.4 Additives to Powder, 3.1.6
1.5 Treatment of Powder, 3.1.7
1.6 Properties of Powder, 3.1.8
1.7 Procedures to Evaluate Powder, 3.1.9
1.8 Equipment to Evaluate Powder, 3.1.10
2. Forming:
2.0 General, 3.2.1
2.1 Processes for Compacting, 3.2.2
2.2 Conditions of Compacting,
2.3 Tools Used for Compacting,
2.2 Tools Used for Compacting, 3.2.3
2.42.3 Phenomena Resulting from Compaction, 3.2.4
2.4 Types of Cracks, 3.2.5
2.5 Properties of Compacts, 3.2.6
2.6 Forging, 3.2.7
2.7 Metal Injection Molding, 3.2.8
3. Sintering:
3.1 Process for Sintering, 3.3.1
3.2 Conditions During Sintering, 3.3.2
3.3 Phenomena Resulting from Sintering, 3.3.3
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B09.01 on Nomenclature and Technical Data.
Current edition approved March 15, 2008.Jan. 1, 2009. Published May 2008.March 2009. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as
B243–08a.
2
See Test Method B331.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B243–09
3.4 Properties of Sintered Parts, 3.3.4
3.5 Procedure to Evaluate Sintered Parts, 3.3.5
3.6 Removal of Binders, 3.3.6
4. Postsinter Treatments :
4.1 Processes, 3.4.1
5. Miscellaneous :
5.1 Definitions, 3.5.1
5.2 Processes, 3.5.2
5.3 Materials, 3.5.3
3.1.2 General:
agglomerate, n —several particles adhering together.
metal powder, n —particles of elemental metals or alloys, normally less than 1000 µm (1 mm) in size.
particulate matter, n—see powder.
PM, n—the acronym for powder metallurgy.
powder, n—particles that are usually less than 1000 µm (1 mm) in size. Synonymous with particulate matter.
powder metallurgy, n—the production and utilization of metal powders.
3.1.3 Processes to Produce Powder:
air classification, n—the separation of powder into particle size fractions by means of an air stream of controlled velocity.
atomization, n —the dispersion of a molten metal into particles by a rapidly moving gas or liquid stream or by mechanical
means.
chemical deposition, n—the precipitation of one metal from a solution of its salts by the addition of another metal or reagent
to the solution.
chemically precipitated metal powder, n—powder produced by the reduction of a metal from a solution of its salts either by the
addition of another metal higher in the electromotive series or by other reducing agent.
classification, n—separation of a powder into fractions according to particle size.
disintegration, n—the reduction of massive material to powder.
gas classification, n—the separation of powder into particle size fractions by means of a gas stream of controlled velocity.
granulation, n —the production of coarse metal particles by pouring the molten metal through a screen into water (shotting) or
by violent agitation of the molten metal while solidifying.
milling, n—the mechanical treatment of metal powder, or metal powder mixtures, as in a ball mill, to alter the size or shape of
the individual particles or to coat one component of the mixture with another.
pulverization, n —the reduction in particle size of metal powder by mechanical means, a specific type of disintegration.
reduced metal powder, n—metal pow
...
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