ASTM F1789-04
(Terminology)Standard Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners
Standard Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners
SCOPE
1.1This terminology standard provides a compilation of definitions for terminology used for mechanical fasteners.
1.2 Terms in this terminology are organized alphabetically. In Appendix X1 they are listed under fastener characteristic.
1.3 Additional definitions are shown in ANSI/ASME B18.12; IFI Glossary of Terms, IFI-139 and IFI-140; and SAE J412.
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Designation: F 1789 – 04
Standard Terminology for
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F16 Mechanical Fasteners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1789; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope stainless steel bolts, hex cap screws, studs and nuts.
alloy steel—steel is considered to be alloy when the maximum
1.1 This terminology standard provides a compilation of
range given for manganese exceeds 1.65 % or a definite
definitions for terminology used for mechanical fasteners.
minimum quantity for any of the following elements is
1.2 Terms in this terminology are organized alphabetically.
specified or required within the limits of the recognized field
In Appendix X1 they are listed under fastener characteristic.
of constructional alloy steels: chromium, molybdenum,
1.3 Additional definitions are shown in ANSI/ASME
nickel, or any other alloying element added to obtain a
B18.12; IFI Glossary of Terms, IFI-139 and IFI-140; and SAE
desired alloying effect.
J412.
alter—to change fastener properties such as hardness, tensile
2. Referenced Documents strength, surface finish, length, or other characteristics of the
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fastener through such processes as heat treatment, plating,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
and machining.
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
anchor bolt—a steel rod or bar, one end of which is intended
of Steel Products
to be cast in concrete while the opposite end is threaded and
A 563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
projects from the concrete for anchoring other material to the
E 456 Terminology for Relating to Quality and Statistics
concrete. The end cast in concrete may be either straight or
2.2 ANSI/ASME Standard:
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provided with an anchor, such as a bent hook, forged head,
B18.12 Glossary of Terms for Mechanical Fasteners
or a tapped or welded attachment to resist forces imposed on
2.3 IFI Standards:
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the anchor bolt as required.
Glossary of Terms Relating to Aerospace Fasteners
annealing—a general term applied to a variety of thermal
IFI-139 Quality Assurance Requirements for Fastener Test-
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treatments applied to fasteners for the purpose of softening
ing Laboratories
or homogenizing material properties. The specific types of
IFI-140 Carbon and Alloy Steel Wire, Rods, and Bars for
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annealing are:
Mechanical Fasteners
full annealing—heating steel above the upper critical transfor-
2.4 SAE Standard:
mation temperature, holding it there long enough to fully
SAE J412 General Characteristics and Heat Treatments of
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transform the steel to austenite, and then cooling it at a
Steels
controlled rate, in a furnace, to below a specified tempera-
3. Mechanical Fastener Definitions
ture. A full anneal refines grain structure and provides a
relatively soft, ductile material that is free of internal
alloy groups—an alloy group includes alloys considered to be
stresses.
chemically equivalent for general purpose use in specifying
intercritical annealing/isothermal annealing—heating a steel
above the lower critical transformation temperature, but
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This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on below the upper-critical transformation temperature, to dis-
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.94 on Terminology.
solve all the iron carbides, but not transform all the ferrite to
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2004. Published February 2004. Originally
austenite. Cooling slowly from this temperature, through the
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F 1789 – 03a.
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lower critical temperature, produces a structure of ferrite and
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
pearlite that is free of internal stresses. In intercritical
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
annealing, the steel continues to cool slowly in the furnace,
the ASTM website.
3 similarly to full annealing. In isothermal annealing, cooling
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036. is stopped just below the lower critical, assuring complete
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Available from Industrial Fasteners Institute, 1717 E. 9th Street, Suite 1105,
transformation to ferrite and coarse pearlite, and eliminating
Cleveland, OH 44114.
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Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
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