ASTM F1789-04a

Standard Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners

SCOPE
1.1This terminology standard provides a compilation of definitions for terminology used for mechanical fasteners.  
1.2 Terms in this terminology are organized alphabetically. In Appendix X1 they are listed under fastener characteristic.  
1.3 Additional definitions are shown in ANSI/ASME B18.12; IFI Glossary of Terms, IFI-139 and IFI-140; and SAE J412.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2004
• ICS: 01.040.21 - Mechanical systems and components for general use (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 21.060.01 - Fasteners in general
• Technical Committee: F16 - Fasteners

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F1789-04 - Standard Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Replaced By: ASTM F1789-04b - Standard Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM F959/F959M-17a - Standard Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension Indicators for Use with Structural Fasteners, Inch and Metric Series
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM F2832-11(2021) - Standard Guide for Accelerated Corrosion Testing for Mechanical Fasteners
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM F2833-11(2017) - Standard Specification for Corrosion Protective Fastener Coatings with Zinc Rich Base Coat and Aluminum Organic/Inorganic Type
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM F1554-20 - Standard Specification for Anchor Bolts, Steel, 36, 55, and 105-ksi Yield Strength
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM F3043-15 - Standard Specification for “Twist Off” Type Tension Control Structural Bolt/Nut/Washer Assemblies, Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, 200 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM A394-08(2015) - Standard Specification for Steel Transmission Tower Bolts, Zinc-Coated and Bare
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM F1470-19 - Standard Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechanical Properties and Performance Inspection
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM F3394/F3394M-20 - Standard Specification for Hardened Steel Backup and Reaction Washers Inch and Metric Dimensions<rangeref></rangeref >
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM F2482/F2482M-21 - Standard Specification for Load-Indicating Externally Threaded Fasteners
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM F2660-20 - Standard Test Method for Qualifying Coatings for Use on F3125 Grade A490 Structural Bolts Relative to Environmental Hydrogen Embrittlement
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM F3111-16 - Standard Specification for Heavy Hex Structural Bolt/Nut/Washer Assemblies, Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, 200 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM A574-21 - Standard Specification for Alloy Steel Socket-Head Cap Screws
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM A449-14(2020) - Standard Specification for Hex Cap Screws, Bolts and Studs, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105/90 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength, General Use
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F1789–04a
Standard Terminology for
1
F16 Mechanical Fasteners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1789; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope alloy steel—steel is considered to be alloy when the maximum
range given for manganese exceeds 1.65 % or a definite
1.1 This terminology standard provides a compilation of
minimum quantity for any of the following elements is
definitions for terminology used for mechanical fasteners.
specified or required within the limits of the recognized field
1.2 Terms in this terminology are organized alphabetically.
of constructional alloy steels: chromium, molybdenum,
In Appendix X1 they are listed under fastener characteristic.
nickel, or any other alloying element added to obtain a
1.3 Additional definitions are shown in ANSI/ASME
desired alloying effect.
B18.12; IFI Glossary of Terms, IFI-139 and IFI-140; and SAE
alter—to change fastener properties such as hardness, tensile
J412.
strength, surface finish, length, or other characteristics of the
2. Referenced Documents fastener through such processes as heat treatment, plating,
2
and machining.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
alteration distributor—distributor of fasteners who alters a
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for MechanicalTesting
fastener prior to sale and assumes the full responsibilities of
of Steel Products
the alteration and its affected mechanical and performance
A 563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
characteristics.
E 456 Terminology for Relating to Quality and Statistics
anchor bolt—steel rod or bar, one end of which is intended to
2.2 ANSI/ASME Standard:
3
be cast in concrete while the opposite end is threaded and
B18.12 Glossary of Terms for Mechanical Fasteners
projectsfromtheconcreteforanchoringothermaterialtothe
2.3 IFI Standards:
4
concrete. The end cast in concrete may be either straight or
Glossary of Terms Relating to Aerospace Fasteners
provided with an anchor, such as a bent hook, forged head,
IFI-139 Quality Assurance Requirements for Fastener Test-
4
or a tapped or welded attachment to resist forces imposed on
ing Laboratories
the anchor bolt as required.
IFI-140 Carbon and Alloy Steel Wire, Rods, and Bars for
4
annealing—general term applied to a variety of thermal
Mechanical Fasteners
treatments applied to fasteners for the purpose of softening
2.4 SAE Standard:
or homogenizing material properties. The specific types of
SAE J412 General Characteristics and Heat Treatments of
5
annealing are:
Steels
full annealing—heating steel above the upper critical transfor-
3. Mechanical Fastener Definitions
mation temperature, holding it there long enough to fully
transform the steel to austenite, and then cooling it at a
alloy groups—alloy group includes alloys considered to be
controlled rate, in a furnace, to below a specified tempera-
chemically equivalent for general purpose use in specifying
ture. A full anneal refines grain structure and provides a
stainless steel bolts, hex cap screws, studs and nuts.
relatively soft, ductile material that is free of internal
stresses.
1
intercritical annealing/isothermal annealing—heating a steel
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.94 on Terminology.
above the lower critical transformation temperature, but
Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published July 2004. Originally approved
below the upper-critical transformation temperature, to dis-
in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as F 1789 – 04.
2 solve all the iron carbides, but not transform all the ferrite to
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM austenite. Cooling slowly from this temperature, through the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
lowercriticaltemperature,producesastructureofferriteand
the ASTM website.
pearlite that is free of internal stresses. In intercritical
3
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
annealing, the steel continues to cool slowly in the furnace,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
4
Available from Industrial Fasteners Institute, 1717 E. 9th Street, Suite 1105, similarly to full annealing. In isothermal annealing, cooling
Cleveland, OH 44114.
is stopped just below the lower critical, assuring complete
5
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
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