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ASTM D8198-18

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Hydraulically Applied 100 % Wood Fiber Mulches

Standard Specification for Hydraulically Applied 100 % Wood Fiber Mulches

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the physical properties and testing requirements for 100 % wood fiber Hydraulic Erosion Control Products (HECP) mulches.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard. The sieve designations are identified using the “alternative” system in accordance with Practice E11, such as 3-in. and No. 200, instead of the “standard” of 75-mm and 75-µm, respectively.  
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.  
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
14-Jul-2018
ICS
13.080.01 - Soil quality and pedology in general
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D18 - Soil and Rock
Drafting Committee
D18.25 - Erosion and Sediment Control Technology
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D653-14 - Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
Effective Date
01-Aug-2014
Refers
ASTM D7367-19 - Standard Test Method for Determining Water Holding Capacity of Fiber Mulches for Hydraulic Planting
Effective Date
15-Jun-2019
Refers
ASTM D7367-19e1 - Standard Test Method for Determining Water Holding Capacity of Fiber Mulches for Hydraulic Planting
Effective Date
15-Jun-2019
Refers
ASTM D3740-19 - Standard Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction
Effective Date
01-Oct-2019
Refers
ASTM D2974-14 - Standard Test Methods for Moisture, Ash, and Organic Matter of Peat and Other Organic Soils
Effective Date
01-Nov-2014
Refers
ASTM D2974-20e1 - Standard Test Methods for Determining the Water (Moisture) Content, Ash Content, and Organic Material of Peat and Other Organic Soils
Effective Date
15-Jan-2020
Refers
ASTM D2974-20 - Standard Test Methods for Determining the Water (Moisture) Content, Ash Content, and Organic Material of Peat and Other Organic Soils
Effective Date
15-Jan-2020
Referred By
ASTM D653-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
Effective Date
15-Jul-2018

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ASTM D8198-18 - Standard Specification for Hydraulically Applied 100 % Wood Fiber MulchesASTM D8198-18 - Standard Specification for Hydraulically Applied 100 % Wood Fiber Mulches
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ASTM D8198-18 - Standard Specification for Hydraulically Applied 100 % Wood Fiber Mulches
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D8198 −18
Standard Specification for
1
Hydraulically Applied 100% Wood Fiber Mulches
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8198; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This specification covers the physical properties and
testing requirements for 100 % wood fiber Hydraulic Erosion
2. Referenced Documents
Control Products (HECP) mulches.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Fluids
conversions to inch-pound units, which are provided for
D2974 Test Methods for Moisture,Ash, and Organic Matter
information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of
of Peat and Other Organic Soils
test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as
D2976 Test Method for pH of Peat Materials
nonconformance with this standard. The sieve designations are
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
identified using the “alternative” system in accordance with
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
Practice E11, such as 3-in. and No. 200, instead of the
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
“standard” of 75-mm and 75-µm, respectively.
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
Data
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
D7367 Test Method for Determining Water Holding Capac-
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
ity of Fiber Mulches for Hydraulic Planting
Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.
D7560 Test Method for Determination of Fiber Length
1.3.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
Percentages in Hydraulic Erosion Control Products
recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the
(HECPs)
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
Sieves
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
3. Terminology
ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
3.1 Definitions:
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms used in this
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
standard, refer to Terminology D653.
of these test methods to consider significant digits used in
3.1.2 hydraulic erosion control product, (HECP), n—a
analysis methods for engineering data.
manufactured,temporary,degradable,prepackagedfibrousma-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
terial that is mixed with water and hydraulically applied as a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
slurry designed to reduce soil erosion and assist in the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
establishment and growth of vegetation.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Materials
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.1 Wood fiber mulch shall be produced from wood chips
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
that are 100 % virgin, or recycled, or a combination of both.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
There are typically three types of wood fiber mulch based on
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
various levels of manufacturing technologies that impact the
water holding capacity of the fibers.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
2
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.25 on Erosion and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Sediment Control Technology. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved July 15, 2018. Published August 2018. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D8198-18. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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Standard Test Method for Airborne Asbestos Concentration in Ambient and Indoor Atmospheres as Determined by Transmission Electron Microscopy Direct Transfer (TEM)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is applicable to the measurement of airborne asbestos in a wide range of ambient air situations and for detailed evaluation of any atmosphere for asbestos structures. Most fibers in ambient atmospheres are not asbestos, and therefore, there is a requirement for fibers to be identified. Most of the airborne asbestos fibers in ambient atmospheres have diameters below the resolution limit of the light microscope. This test method is based on transmission electron microscopy, which has adequate resolution to allow detection of small thin fibers and is currently the only technique capable of unequivocal identification of the majority of individual fibers of asbestos. Asbestos is often found, not as single fibers, but as very complex, aggregated structures, which may or may not also be aggregated with other particles. The fibers found suspended in an ambient atmosphere can often be identified unequivocally if sufficient measurement effort is expended. However, if each fiber were to be identified in this way, the analysis would become prohibitively expensive. Because of instrumental deficiencies or because of the nature of the particulate matter, some fibers cannot be positively identified as asbestos even though the measurements all indicate that they could be asbestos. Therefore, subjective factors contribute to this measurement, and consequently, a very precise definition of the procedure for identification and enumeration of asbestos fibers is required. The method defined in this test method is designed to provide a description of the nature, numerical concentration, and sizes of asbestos-containing particles found in an air sample. The test method is necessarily complex because the structures observed are frequently very complex. The method of data recording specified in the test method is designed to allow reevaluation of the structure-counting data as new applications for measurements are developed. All of the feasible specimen preparation techn...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 is an analytical procedure using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for the determination of the concentration of asbestos structures in ambient atmospheres and includes measurement of the dimension of structures and of the asbestos fibers found in the structures from which aspect ratios are calculated.  
1.1.1 This test method allows determination of the type(s) of asbestos fibers present.  
1.1.2 This test method cannot always discriminate between individual fibers of the asbestos and non-asbestos analogues of the same amphibole mineral.  
1.2 This test method is suitable for determination of asbestos in both ambient (outdoor) and building atmospheres.  
1.2.1 This test method is defined for polycarbonate capillary-pore filters or cellulose ester (either mixed esters of cellulose or cellulose nitrate) filters through which a known volume of air has been drawn and for blank filters.  
1.3 The upper range of concentrations that can be determined by this test method is 7000 s/mm2. The air concentration represented by this value is a function of the volume of air sampled.  
1.3.1 There is no lower limit to the dimensions of asbestos fibers that can be detected. In practice, microscopists vary in their ability to detect very small asbestos fibers. Therefore, a minimum length of 0.5 μm has been defined as the shortest fiber to be incorporated in the reported results.  
1.4 The direct analytical method cannot be used if the general particulate matter loading of the sample collection filter as analyzed exceeds approximately 10 % coverage of the collection filter by particulate matter.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropri...

  • Standard
    33 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    33 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off