ASTM D2196-18

Standard Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational Viscountess

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Test Method A is used for determining the apparent viscosity at a given rotational speed, although viscosities at two or more speeds give better characterization of a non-Newtonian material than does a single viscosity measurement.  
3.2 With Test Methods B and C, the extent of shear thinning is indicated by the drop in viscosity with increasing rotational speed. The degree of thixotropy is indicated by comparison of viscosities at increasing and decreasing rotational speeds (Test Method B), viscosity recovery (Test Method B), or viscosities before and after high shear (combination of Test Methods B and C). The high-shear treatment in Test Method C approximates shearing during paint application. The viscosity behavior measured after high shear is indicative of the characteristics of the paint soon after application.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the apparent viscosity and the shear thinning and thixotropic properties of non-Newtonian materials in the shear rate range from 0.1 to 50 s−1 using a rotational viscometer operating in a fluid contained in a 600 mL low form Griffin beaker.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2018
• ICS: 17.060 - Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.24 - Physical Properties of Liquid Paints & Paint Materials

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D2196-15 - Standard Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational Viscometer
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D4733-17 - Standard Test Methods for Solventless Electrical Insulating Varnishes
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D6577-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Testing Industrial Protective Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D1200-23 - Standard Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity Cup
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Referred By: ASTM F1607-95(2018) - Standard Guide for Reporting of Test Performance Data for Oil Spill Response Pumps
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D6083/D6083M-21 - Standard Specification for Liquid-Applied Acrylic Coating Used in Roofing
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D5125-10(2020)e1 - Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Paints and Related Materials by ISO Flow Cups
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Referred By: ASTM F2118-14(2020) - Standard Test Method for Constant Amplitude of Force Controlled Fatigue Testing of Acrylic Bone Cement Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D4212-16(2023) - Standard Test Method for Viscosity by Dip-Type Viscosity Cups
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D803-15(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Testing Tall Oil
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D2243-20 - Standard Test Method for Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Water-Borne Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D6694/D6694M-15(2023) - Standard Specification for Liquid-Applied Silicone Coating Used in Spray Polyurethane Foam Roofing Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Referred By: ASTM F2103-18 - Standard Guide for Characterization and Testing of Chitosan Salts as Starting Materials Intended for Use in Biomedical and Tissue-Engineered Medical Product Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D7394-18(2023) - Standard Practice for Rheological Characterization of Architectural Coatings using Three Rotational Bench Viscometers
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Referred By: ASTM F940-99(2019)e1 - Standard Practice for Quality Control Receipt Inspection Procedures for Protective Coatings (Paint), Used in Marine Construction and Shipbuilding
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D2196 −18
Standard Test Methods for
Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by
1
Rotational Viscountess
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2196; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope viscometer with a spindle operating in a fluid contained in a
600 mL low form Griffin beaker. The agitation of the material
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
immediately preceding the viscosity measurements is carefully
apparent viscosity and the shear thinning and thixotropic
controlled.
properties of non-Newtonian materials in the shear rate range
−1
from 0.1 to 50 s using a rotational viscometer operating in a
3. Significance and Use
fluid contained in a 600 mL low form Griffin beaker.
3.1 Test Method A is used for determining the apparent
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
viscosityatagivenrotationalspeed,althoughviscositiesattwo
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
ormorespeedsgivebettercharacterizationofanon-Newtonian
only.
material than does a single viscosity measurement.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 WithTestMethodsBandC,theextentofshearthinning
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
is indicated by the drop in viscosity with increasing rotational
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
speed. The degree of thixotropy is indicated by comparison of
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
viscosities at increasing and decreasing rotational speeds (Test
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Method B), viscosity recovery (Test Method B), or viscosities
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
before and after high shear (combination of Test Methods B
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
and C). The high-shear treatment in Test Method C approxi-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
matesshearingduringpaintapplication.Theviscositybehavior
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
measured after high shear is indicative of the characteristics of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
the paint soon after application.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Apparatus
2. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Rotational Viscometer—The essential instrument will
2.1 Test Method A consists of determining the apparent
have the following capabilities at a minimum:
viscosity of coatings and related materials by measuring the
4.1.1 A drive motor, to apply a unidirectional rotational
torque on a spindle rotating at a constant speed in a 600 mL
displacement to the spindle immersed in the specimen for
low form Griffin beaker.
rotationalspeedsbetween0.307and10.24rad/sec(0.3and100
2.2 Test Methods B and C consist of determining the shear rpm) constant to within 0.01%.
4.1.2 Aforce sensor to measure the torque required to drive
thinning and thixotropic (time-dependent) rheological proper-
2
ties of the materials. The viscosities of these materials are the spindle immersed in the specimen at each of the defined
speed settings to within 0.1%.
determined at a series of prescribed speeds of a rotational
4.1.3 A coupling shaft, or other means, to transmit the
rotational displacement from the motor to the spindle.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on 4.1.4 A rotational element, spindle, or tool, such as the
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
shapesshowninFig.1tofixthespecimenbetweenthespindle
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints &
andastationarysurface.Theprotectivebracket,whichattaches
Paint Materials.
to the viscometer and protects the spindle, provides the
Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originally
approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D2196–15. DOI:
stationary surface described in the preceding sentence.
10.1520/D2196-18.
2
NOTE 1—Each spindle can measure a range of almost four decades in
Pierce, P. E., “Measurement of Rheology of Thixotropic Organic Coatings and
Resins with the Brookfield Viscountess,” Journal of Paint Technology, Vol 43, No. viscosity for the speed settings specified in this method. The spindle is
557, 1971, pp. 35–43. selected so that the measured torque value is between 10% and 100%.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO B
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2196 − 15 D2196 − 18
Standard Test Methods for
Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by
1
Rotational ViscometerViscountess
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2196; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the apparent viscosity and the shear thinning and thixotropic properties of
−1
non-Newtonian materials in the shear rate range from 0.1 to 50 s using a rotational viscometer operating in a fluid of “infinite”
dimensions.contained in a 600 mL low form Griffin beaker.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Summary of Test Method
2.1 Test Method A consists of determining the apparent viscosity of coatings and related materials by measuring the torque on
a spindle rotating at a constant speed in the material.a 600 mL low form Griffin beaker.
2.2 Test Methods B and C consist of determining the shear thinning and thixotropic (time-dependent) rheological properties of
2
the materials. The viscosities of these materials are determined at a series of prescribed speeds of a rotational-type viscometer
rotational viscometer with a spindle operating in a fluid of “infinite” dimensions. contained in a 600 mL low form Griffin beaker.
The agitation of the material immediately preceding the viscosity measurements is carefully controlled.
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Test Method A is used for determining the apparent viscosity at a given rotational speed, although viscosities at two or more
speeds give better characterization of a non-Newtonian material than does a single viscosity measurement.
3.2 With Test Methods B and C, the extent of shear thinning is indicated by the drop in viscosity with increasing rotational
speed. The degree of thixotropy is indicated by comparison of viscosities at increasing and decreasing rotational speeds (Test
Method B), viscosity recovery (Test Method B), or viscosities before and after high shear (combination of Test Methods B and
C). The high-shear treatment in Test Method C approximates shearing during paint application. The viscosity behavior measured
after high shear is indicative of the characteristics of the paint soon after application.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Rotational Viscometer—The essential instrumentation required providing the minimum rotational viscometer analytical
capabilities for this method include:instrument will have the following capabilities at a minimum:
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints & Paint Materials.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2015June 1, 2018. Published April 2015August 2018. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 20102015 as
D2196 – 10.D2196 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/D2196-15.10.1520/D2196-18.
2
Pierce, P. E., “Measurement of Rheology of Thixotropic Organic Coatings and Resins with the Brookfield ViscometerViscountess,” Journal of Paint Technology, Vol 43,
No. 557, 1971, pp. 35–43.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D2196 − 18
4.1.1 A drive motor, to apply a unidirectional rotational displacement to the specimen at at least spindle immersed in the
specimen for rotational speeds between 0.05 and 6 rad/s (0.5 and 60 r/min)0.307 and 1
...