ASTM D6785-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Lead in Workplace Air Using Flame or Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Standard Test Method for Determination of Lead in Workplace Air Using Flame or Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The health of workers in many industries, for example, mining, metal refining, battery manufacture, construction, etc., is at risk through exposure by inhalation of particulate lead and lead compounds. Industrial hygienists and other public health professionals need to determine the effectiveness of measures taken to control workers' exposure, and this is generally achieved by making workplace air measurements. This standard has been published in order to make available a method for making valid exposure measurements for lead. It will be of benefit to: agencies concerned with health and safety at work; industrial hygienists and other public health professionals; analytical laboratories; industrial users of metals and metalloids and their workers, etc. It has been assumed in the drafting of this standard that the execution of its provisions, and the interpretation of the results obtained, is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people.
The measuring procedure shall comply with any relevant International, European or National Standard that specifies performance requirements for procedures for measuring chemical agents in workplace air (for example, EN 482).
SCOPE
1.1 This standard specifies flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric methods for the determination of the time-weighted average mass concentration of particulate lead and lead compounds in workplace air.
1.2 The method is applicable to personal sampling of the inhalable fraction of airborne particles, as defined in ISO 7708, and to static (area) sampling.
1.3 The sample dissolution procedure specifies hot plate or microwave digestion, or ultrasonic extraction (11.2). The sample dissolution procedure is not effective for all lead compounds (see Section 5). The use of an alternative, more vigorous dissolution procedure is necessary when it is desired to extract lead from compounds present in the test atmosphere that are insoluble using the dissolution procedures described herein. For example if it is desired to determine silicate lead, a hydrofluoric acid dissolution procedure is required.
1.4 The flame atomic absorption method is applicable to the determination of masses of approximately 1 to 200 μg of lead per sample, without dilution (1). The graphite furnace atomic absorption method is applicable to the determination of masses of approximately 0.01 to 0.5 μg of lead per sample, without dilution (1).
1.5 The ultrasonic extraction procedure has been validated for the determination of masses of approximately 20 to 100 μg of lead per sample, for laboratory-generated lead fume air filter samples (2).
1.6 The concentration range for lead in air for which this procedure is applicable is determined in part by the sampling procedure selected by the user (see Section 10).
1.7 Anions that form precipitates with lead may interfere, but this potential interference is overcome by the addition of the disodium salt of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) when necessary.
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D6785 − 08
StandardTest Method for
Determination of Lead in Workplace Air Using Flame or
1
Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6785; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.7 Anions that form precipitates with lead may interfere,
but this potential interference is overcome by the addition of
1.1 This standard specifies flame and graphite furnace
the disodium salt of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)
atomic absorption spectrometric methods for the determination
when necessary.
of the time-weighted average mass concentration of particulate
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
lead and lead compounds in workplace air.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
1.2 The method is applicable to personal sampling of the
standard.
inhalable fraction of airborne particles, as defined in ISO 7708,
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and to static (area) sampling.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.3 The sample dissolution procedure specifies hot plate or
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
microwave digestion, or ultrasonic extraction (11.2). The
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sample dissolution procedure is not effective for all lead
compounds (see Section 5). The use of an alternative, more
2. Referenced Documents
vigorous dissolution procedure is necessary when it is desired
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
to extract lead from compounds present in the test atmosphere
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
that are insoluble using the dissolution procedures described
Atmospheres
herein. For example if it is desired to determine silicate lead, a
D3195 Practice for Rotameter Calibration
hydrofluoric acid dissolution procedure is required.
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
1.4 The flame atomic absorption method is applicable to the
E882 Guide for Accountability and Quality Control in the
determination of masses of approximately 1 to 200 µg of lead
Chemical Analysis Laboratory
2
per sample, without dilution (1). The graphite furnace atomic
E1370 Guide for Air Sampling Strategies for Worker and
absorption method is applicable to the determination of masses
Workplace Protection
of approximately 0.01 to 0.5 µg of lead per sample, without
E1792 Specification for Wipe Sampling Materials for Lead
dilution (1). in Surface Dust
4
2.2 Other Standards:
1.5 The ultrasonic extraction procedure has been validated
ISO 648 Laboratory Glassware—One-Mark Pipettes
for the determination of masses of approximately 20 to 100 µg
ISO 1042 Laboratory Glassware—One-Mark Volumetric
of lead per sample, for laboratory-generated lead fume air filter
Flasks
samples (2).
ISO 3585 Glass Plant, Pipelines and Fittings—Properties of
1.6 The concentration range for lead in air for which this Borosilicate Glass 3.3
procedure is applicable is determined in part by the sampling ISO 3696 Water for Laboratory Use—Specifications and
procedure selected by the user (see Section 10). Test Methods
ISO 6879 Air Quality—Performance Characteristics and
Related Concepts For Air Quality Methods
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air
Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on Workplace Air
3
Quality. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D6785 - 02. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D6785-08. the ASTM website.
2 4
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
this standard. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D6785 − 08
ISO 6955 Analytical Spectroscopic Methods—Flame 3.1.6 measuring procedure—procedure for sampling and
Emission, Atomic Absorption, and Atomic analyzing one or more chemical agents in the air and including
storage and transportation of the sample.
Fluorescence—Vocabulary
ISO 7708 Particle Size
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6785–02 Designation:D6785–08
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Lead in Workplace Air Using Flame or
1
Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6785; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This standard specifies flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric methods for the determination of the
time-weighted average mass concentration of particulate lead and lead compounds in workplace air.
1.2 The method is applicable to personal sampling of the inhalable fraction of airborne particles, as defined in ISO 7708, and
to static (area) sampling.
1.3 The sample dissolution procedure specifies hot plate or microwave digestion, or ultrasonic extraction (11.2). The sample
dissolution procedure is not effective for all lead compounds (see Section 5). The use of an alternative, more vigorous dissolution
procedure is necessary when it is desired to extract lead from compounds present in the test atmosphere that are insoluble using
the dissolution procedures described herein. For example if it is desired to determine silicate lead, a hydrofluoric acid dissolution
procedure is required.
1.4 The flame atomic absorption method is applicable to the determination of masses of approximately 1 to 200 µg of lead per
2
sample, without dilution (1). The graphite furnace atomic absorption method is applicable to the determination of masses of
approximately 0.01 to 0.5 µg of lead per sample, without dilution (1).
1.5 The ultrasonic extraction procedure has been validated for the determination of masses of approximately 20 to 100 µg of
lead per sample, for laboratory-generated lead fume air filter samples (2).
1.6 Theconcentrationrangeforleadinairforwhichthisprocedureisapplicableisdeterminedinpartbythesamplingprocedure
selected by the user (see Section 10).
1.7 Anions that form precipitates with lead may interfere, but this potential interference is overcome by the addition of the
disodium salt of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) when necessary.
1.8
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards: ASTM Standards:
D 1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D 3195 Practice for Rotameter Calibration
D 4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
E 882 Guide for Accountability and Quality Control in the Chemical Analysis Laboratory
E 1370 Guide forAir Sampling Strategies for Worker and Workplace Protection Guide forAir Sampling Strategies for Worker
and Workplace Protection
E 1792 Specification for Wipe Sampling Materials for Lead in Surface Dust
4
2.2 Other Standards:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D22 on Sampling andAnalysis ofAtmospheres and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04
on Workplace Atmospheres.
Current edition approved April 10, 2002. Published June 2002.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on Workplace Air Quality
.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 6785 - 02.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6785–08
ISO 648:1977,ISO 648 Laboratory Glassware—One-
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6785–02 Designation:D6785–08
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Lead in Workplace Air Using Flame or
1
Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6785; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This standard specifies flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric methods for the determination of the
time-weighted average mass concentration of particulate lead and lead compounds in workplace air.
1.2 The method is applicable to personal sampling of the inhalable fraction of airborne particles, as defined in ISO 7708, and
to static (area) sampling.
1.3 The sample dissolution procedure specifies hot plate or microwave digestion, or ultrasonic extraction (11.2). The sample
dissolution procedure is not effective for all lead compounds (see Section 5). The use of an alternative, more vigorous dissolution
procedure is necessary when it is desired to extract lead from compounds present in the test atmosphere that are insoluble using
the dissolution procedures described herein. For example if it is desired to determine silicate lead, a hydrofluoric acid dissolution
procedure is required.
1.4 The flame atomic absorption method is applicable to the determination of masses of approximately 1 to 200 µg of lead per
2
sample, without dilution (1). The graphite furnace atomic absorption method is applicable to the determination of masses of
approximately 0.01 to 0.5 µg of lead per sample, without dilution (1).
1.5 The ultrasonic extraction procedure has been validated for the determination of masses of approximately 20 to 100 µg of
lead per sample, for laboratory-generated lead fume air filter samples (2).
1.6 Theconcentrationrangeforleadinairforwhichthisprocedureisapplicableisdeterminedinpartbythesamplingprocedure
selected by the user (see Section 10).
1.7 Anions that form precipitates with lead may interfere, but this potential interference is overcome by the addition of the
disodium salt of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) when necessary.
1.8
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards: ASTM Standards:
D 1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D 3195 Practice for Rotameter Calibration
D 4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
E 882 Guide for Accountability and Quality Control in the Chemical Analysis Laboratory
E 1370 Guide forAir Sampling Strategies for Worker and Workplace Protection Guide forAir Sampling Strategies for Worker
and Workplace Protection
E 1792 Specification for Wipe Sampling Materials for Lead in Surface Dust
4
2.2 Other Standards:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D22 on Sampling andAnalysis ofAtmospheres and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04
on Workplace Atmospheres.
Current edition approved April 10, 2002. Published June 2002.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on Workplace Air Quality
.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 6785 - 02.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6785–08
ISO 648:1977,ISO 648 Laboratory Glassware—One-
...
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