ASTM C1114-06(2019)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Thin-Heater Apparatus
Standard Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Thin-Heater Apparatus
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Factors that may influence the thermal-transmission properties of a specimen of material are described in Practice C1045 and the Precision and Bias section of Test Method C177.
5.2 Because of the required test conditions prescribed by this test method, it shall be recognized that the thermal properties obtained will not necessarily apply without modification to all conditions of service. As an example, this test method normally provides that the thermal properties shall be obtained on specimens that do not contain moisture, although in service such conditions may not be realized. Even more basic is the dependence of the thermal properties on variables such as mean temperature and temperature difference.
5.3 When a new or modified design of apparatus is evolved, tests shall be made on at least two sets of differing material of known long-term thermal stability. Tests shall be made for each material at a minimum of two different mean temperatures within the operating range of each. Any differences in results should be carefully studied to determine the cause and then be removed by appropriate action. Only after a successful verification study on materials having known thermal properties traceable to a recognized national standards laboratory shall test results obtained with this apparatus be considered to conform with this test method. Periodic checks of apparatus performance are recommended.
5.4 The thermal transmission properties of many materials depend upon the prior thermal history. Care must be exercised when testing such specimens at a number of conditions so that tests are performed in a sequence that limits such effects on the results.
5.5 Typical uses for the thin-heater apparatus include the following:
5.5.1 Product development and quality control applications.
5.5.2 Measurement of thermal conductivity at desired mean temperatures.
5.5.3 Thermal properties of specimens that are moist or close to melting point or other critical tempe...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the steady-state thermal transmission properties of flat-slab specimens of thermal insulation using a thin heater of uniform power density having low lateral heat flow. A thin heater with low lateral thermal conductance can reduce unwanted lateral heat flow and avoid the need for active-edge guarding.
1.2 This primary test method of thermal-transmission measurement describes a principle, rather than a particular apparatus. The principle involves determination of the thermal flux across a specimen of known thickness and the temperatures of the hot and cold faces of the specimen.
1.3 Considerable latitude is given to the designer of the apparatus in this test method; since a variety of designs is possible, a procedure for qualifying an apparatus is given in 5.3.
1.4 The specimens must meet the following conditions if thermal resistance or thermal conductance of the specimen is to be determined by this test method2:
1.4.1 The portion of the specimen over the isothermal area of the heater must accurately represent the whole specimen.
1.4.2 The remainder of the specimen should not distort the heat flow in that part of the specimen defined in 1.4.1.
1.4.3 The specimen shall be thermally homogeneous such that the thermal conductivity is not a function of the position within the sample, but rather may be a function of direction, time, and temperature. The specimen shall be free of holes, of high-density volumes, and of thermal bridges between the test surfaces or the specimen edges.
1.4.4 Test Method C177 describes tests that can help ascertain whether conditions of 1.4 are satisfied. For the purposes of this test method, differences in the measurements of less than 2 % may be considered insignificant, and the requirements fulfilled.
1.5 The specimens shall meet one of the following requirements, in addition to those of 1.4.
1.5.1 If homogeneous material...
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1114 − 06 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
1
the Thin-Heater Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1114; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope this test method, differences in the measurements of less than
2% may be considered insignificant, and the requirements
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthesteady-
fulfilled.
state thermal transmission properties of flat-slab specimens of
1.5 The specimens shall meet one of the following
thermalinsulationusingathinheaterofuniformpowerdensity
requirements, in addition to those of 1.4.
having low lateral heat flow. A thin heater with low lateral
1.5.1 If homogeneous materials as defined in Terminology
thermalconductancecanreduceunwantedlateralheatflowand
C168 are tested, then the thermal resistivity and thermal
avoid the need for active-edge guarding.
conductivity can be determined by this test method.
1.2 This primary test method of thermal-transmission mea-
1.5.2 If materials which are layered or otherwise thermally
surement describes a principle, rather than a particular appa-
inhomogeneous are tested, thermal resistance and thermal
ratus. The principle involves determination of the thermal flux
conductance can be determined by this test method.
across a specimen of known thickness and the temperatures of
1.6 Two versions of thin-heater apparatus using the same
the hot and cold faces of the specimen.
principleofthestandardaredescribedinAnnexA1andAnnex
1.3 Considerable latitude is given to the designer of the
A2. They are similar in concept but differ in size and
apparatus in this test method; since a variety of designs is
construction, and hence warrant separate descriptions for each
possible, a procedure for qualifying an apparatus is given in
design. This test method in no way limits the size of the
5.3.
thin-heater element. One of the units described uses a thin
metal foil, while the other uses a metal screen as the heat
1.4 The specimens must meet the following conditions if
source. The smaller, foil apparatus is designed to make rapid
thermalresistanceorthermalconductanceofthespecimenisto
2
measurements of heat transmission through specimens as thin
be determined by this test method :
as 0.5 cm and as thick as 2 cm; however, an apparatus using a
1.4.1 The portion of the specimen over the isothermal area
foil heater could be designed to measure much thicker
of the heater must accurately represent the whole specimen.
materials,ifdesired.Thelarger,screenapparatusisdesignedto
1.4.2 The remainder of the specimen should not distort the
measure specimens with thicknesses between 3 and 15 cm,
heat flow in that part of the specimen defined in 1.4.1.
where the exact limits depend on the thermal resistance of the
1.4.3 The specimen shall be thermally homogeneous such
specimens. Both apparatuses use thermocouples for measuring
that the thermal conductivity is not a function of the position
temperature, but other temperature-sensing systems can be
within the sample, but rather may be a function of direction,
used.
time, and temperature. The specimen shall be free of holes, of
1.7 This test method covers the theory and principles of the
high-density volumes, and of thermal bridges between the test
measurementtechnique.Itdoesnotprovidedetailsofconstruc-
surfaces or the specimen edges.
tion other than those required to illustrate two devices which
1.4.4 Test Method C177 describes tests that can help ascer-
meet the prescribed requirements. Detailed information is
tainwhetherconditionsof1.4aresatisfied.Forthepurposesof
3
available in References (1-23) and the Adjunct.
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC16onThermal
Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.30 on Thermal standard.
Measurement.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Current edition approved March 1, 2019. Published April 2019. Originally
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as C1114–06 (2013).
DOI: 10.1520/C1114-06R19.
2
Further discussion on the definition of these limitations may be found in Tye,
3
R. P., “What Property Do We Measure?,” Heat Transmission Measurements in Theboldfac
...
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