ASTM D4631-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Transmissivity and Storativity of Low Permeability Rocks by In Situ Measurements Using Pressure Pulse Technique
Standard Test Method for Determining Transmissivity and Storativity of Low Permeability Rocks by In Situ Measurements Using Pressure Pulse Technique
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method—The pulse test method is used to determine the transmissivity and storativity of low-permeability formations surrounding the packed-off intervals. This test method is considerably shorter in duration than the pumping and slug tests used in more permeable rocks. To obtain results to the desired accuracy, pumping and slug tests in low-permeability formations are too time consuming, as indicated in Fig. 1 (from Bredehoeft and Papadopulos (1)).4
5.2 transmissivity, T—the transmissivity of a formation of thickness, b, is defined as follows:
where:
K = equivalent formation hydraulic conductivity (efhc).
The efhc is the hydraulic conductivity of a material if it were homogeneous and porous over the entire interval. The hydraulic conductivity, K, is related to the equivalent formation, k, as follows:
where:
ρ = fluid density, μ = fluid viscosity, and g = acceleration due to gravity.
5.3 storativity, S—the storativity (or storage coefficient) of a formation of thickness, b, is defined as follows:
where:
Ss = equivalent bulk rock specific storage (ebrss).
The ebrss is defined as the specific storage of a material if it were homogeneous and porous over the entire interval. The specific storage is given as follows:
where:
Cb = bulk rock compressibility, Cw = fluid compressibility, and n = formation porosity.
5.4 Analysis—The transient pressure data obtained using the suggested method are evaluated by the curve-matching technique described by Bredehoeft and Papadopulos (1), or by an analytical technique proposed by Wang et al (2). The latter is particularly useful for interpreting pulse tests when only the early-time transient pressure decay data are available.
5.5 Units:
5.5.1 Conversions—The permeability of a formation is often expressed in terms of the unit darcy. A porous medium has a permeability of 1 darcy when a fluid of viscosity ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a field procedure for determining the transmissivity and storativity of geological formations having permeabilities lower than 10−3 μm2 (1 millidarcy) using the pressure pulse technique.
1.2 The transmissivity and storativity values determined by this test method provide a good approximation of the capacity of the zone of interest to transmit water, if the test intervals are representative of the entire zone and the surrounding rock is fully water saturated.
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are mathematical conversions provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.
1.4.1 For purposes of comparing a measured or calculated value(s) with specified limits, the measured or calculated value(s) shall be rounded to the nearest decimal or significant digits in the specified limits.
1.4.2 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these conditions. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It i...
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4631 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Determining Transmissivity and Storativity of Low
Permeability Rocks by In Situ Measurements Using
1
Pressure Pulse Technique
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4631; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method covers a field procedure for determin-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ing the transmissivity and storativity of geological formations
−3 2 priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
havingpermeabilitieslowerthan10 µm (1millidarcy)using
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the pressure pulse technique.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.2 The transmissivity and storativity values determined by
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
this test method provide a good approximation of the capacity
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
of the zone of interest to transmit water, if the test intervals are
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
representative of the entire zone and the surrounding rock is
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
fully water saturated.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
2. Referenced Documents
as the standard. The values in parentheses are mathematical
2
conversions provided for information only and are not consid-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
Fluids
D2113Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
Rock for Site Exploration
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
1.4.1 For purposes of comparing a measured or calculated
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
value(s) with specified limits, the measured or calculated
D5717Guide for Design of Ground-Water Monitoring Sys-
value(s) shall be rounded to the nearest decimal or significant
tems in Karst and Fractured-Rock Aquifers (Withdrawn
digits in the specified limits.
3
2005)
1.4.2 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
D6026Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the
Data
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
F2070 Specification for Transducers, Pressure and
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
Differential, Pressure, Electrical and Fiber-Optic
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
3. Terminology
ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be 3.1 Definitions:
commensurate with these conditions. It is beyond the scope of 3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms in this
this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis standard, refer to Terminology D653.
methods for engineering design.
3.2 Symbols:
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
2
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Vadose Zone Investigations. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved July 15, 2018. Published August 2018. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4631–95(2008), the ASTM website.
3
whichwaswithdrawnJanuary2017andreinstatedJuly2018.DOI:10.1520/D4631- The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
18. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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