ASTM E6-02a

Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers the principal terms relating to methods of mechanical testing of solids. The general definitions are restricted and interpreted, when necessary, to make them particularly applicable and practicable for use in standards requiring or relating to mechanical tests. These definitions are published to encourage uniformity of terminology in product specifications.
1.2 Terms relating to fatigue and fracture testing are defined in Terminology E 1823.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Aug-2002
• ICS: 01.040.19 - Testing (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 19.060 - Mechanical testing
• Technical Committee: E28 - Mechanical Testing
• Drafting Committee: E28.91 - Terminology

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E6-02 - Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2002
• Replaced By: ASTM E6-03 - Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E1875-20a - Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young's Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson's Ratio by Sonic Resonance
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D3479/D3479M-19(2023) - Standard Test Method for Tension-Tension Fatigue of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E2448-22 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Superplastic Properties of Metallic Sheet Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E2860-20 - Standard Test Method for Residual Stress Measurement by X-Ray Diffraction for Bearing Steels
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D7846-21 - Standard Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data and Estimating Weibull Distribution Parameters for Advanced Graphites
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D2343-17(2023) - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Glass Fiber Strands, Yarns, and Rovings Used in Reinforced Plastics
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E1685-20 - Standard Practice for Measuring the Change in Length of Bolts Using the Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Technique
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E517-19 - Standard Test Method for Plastic Strain Ratio <emph type="bdit">r</emph> for Sheet Metal
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C1360-17 - Standard Practice for Constant-Amplitude, Axial, Tension-Tension Cyclic Fatigue of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperatures
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2002
• Referred By: ASTM A931-18 - Standard Test Method for Tension Testing of Wire Ropes and Strand
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C773-88(2020) - Standard Test Method for Compressive (Crushing) Strength of Fired Whiteware Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E2954-15(2022) - Standard Test Method for Axial Compression Test of Reinforced Plastic and Polymer Matrix Composite Vertical Members
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D2344/D2344M-22 - Standard Test Method for Short-Beam Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials and Their Laminates
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
An American National Standard
Designation:E6–02a
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Methods of Mechanical Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 6; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope Brinell hardness number C
Brinell hardness test C
1.1 This terminology covers the principal terms relating to
calibration G
methods of mechanical testing of solids. The general defini-
calibration factor G
chord modulus see modulus of elasticity
tions are restricted and interpreted, when necessary, to make
compressive strength B
them particularly applicable and practicable for use in stan-
compressive stress see stress
dards requiring or relating to mechanical tests. These defini- compressometer G
constraint A
tions are published to encourage uniformity of terminology in
creep E
product specifications.
creep recovery E
1.2 Terms relating to fatigue and fracture testing are defined
creep rupture strength E
creep strength E
in Terminology E 1823.
deflectometer G
discontinuous yielding B
2. Referenced Documents
ductility A
edge distance F
2.1 ASTM Standards:
edge distance ratio F
2
E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
elastic constants see modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s
E 8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Mate- ratio
2
elastic limit A
rials [Metric]
elastic true strain A
2
E 796 Test Method for Ductility Testing of Metallic Foil
elongation B
E 1823 Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Test- engineering strain see strain
2
engineering stress see stress
ing
extensometer G
extensometer system G
3. Index of Terms
fatigue ductility B
fatigue ductility exponent B
3.1 The definitions of the following terms, which are listed
fatigue life B
alphabetically, appear in the indicated sections of 4.1.
fracture ductility A
Term Section fracture strength A
fracture stress see stress
angle of bend D
free bend D
angle of twist B
angular strain see strain force A
gage length G
axial strain see strain
bearing area F guided bend D
hardness C
bearing force F
bearing strain F indentation hardness C
initial recovery E
bearing strength F
bearing stress F initial strain E
initial stress E
bearing yield strength F
Knoop hardness number C
bend test D
break elongation see maximum elongation Knoop hardness test C
linear (tensile or compressive) strain see strain
breaking load B
load A
lower yield strength B
macrostrain see strain
malleability see ductility
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on mandrel (in bend testing) D
maximum elongation B
Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.91 on
mechanical hysteresis A
Editorial and Terminology except where designated otherwise. A subcommittee
mechanical properties A
designation in parentheses following a definition indicates the subcommittee with
mechanical testing A
responsibility for that definition.
microstrain see strain
Current edition approved August 10, 2002. Published October 2002. Originally
modulus of elasticity A
published as E6–23T. Last previous edition E6–02.
2 modulus of rigidity see modulus of elasticity
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
E6–02a
elongation or reduction of area from a tension test, (2) the depth of cup
modulus of rupture in bending D
from a cupping test, (3) the radius or angle of bend from the bend test,
modulus of rupture in torsion B
necking B
or (4) the fatigue ductility from the fatigue ductility test (see Test
nominal stress see stress
Method E 796).
normal stress see stress
DISCUSSION—Malleability is the ability to deform plastically under
physical properties see mechanical properties
repetitive compressive forces.
pin see mandrel (in bend testing)
–2
plastic true strain A
elastic limit [FL ], n—the greatest stress which a material is
plunger see mandrel (in bend testing)
capable of sustaining without any permanent strain remain-
principal stress see stress
Poisson’s ratio A ing upon complete release of the stress.
proportional limit A
radius of bend D DISCUSSION—Due to practical considerations in determining the
rate of creep E
elastic limit, measurements of strain, using a small force rathe
...