ASTM D459-00

Standard Terminology Relating to Soaps and Other Detergents

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jun-2000
• ICS: 01.040.71 - Chemical technology (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 71.100.40 - Surface active agents
• Technical Committee: D12 - Soaps and Other Detergents
• Drafting Committee: D12.32 - Nomenclature and Definitions

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D459-00(2007) - Standard Terminology Relating to Soaps and Other Detergents
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2007
• Referred By: ASTM D4252-89(2017) - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Alcohol Ethoxylates and Alkylphenol Ethoxylates
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D3048-89(2016) - Standard Test Method of Assay for Alkaline Protease
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D4251-89(2016) - Standard Test Method for Active Matter in Anionic Surfactants by Potentiometric Titration
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D1331-20 - Standard Test Methods for Surface and Interfacial Tension of Solutions of Paints, Solvents, Solutions of Surface-Active Agents, and Related Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2000
• Referred By: ASTM E1519-16(2020) - Standard Terminology Relating to Agricultural Tank Mix Adjuvants
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D820-93(2023) - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Soaps Containing Synthetic Detergents
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D2180-17 - Standard Test Method for Active Oxygen in Bleaching Compounds
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D2281-10(2016) - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Wetting Agents by the Skein Test
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D501-03(2023) - Standard Test Methods of Sampling and Chemical Analysis of Alkaline Detergents
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D5548-13(2020) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Color Transfer or Color Loss of Dyed Fabrics in Laundering (Not Suitable for Detergent or Washing Machine Rankings)
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D1173-23 - Standard Test Method for Foaming Properties of Surface-Active Agents
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D2330-20 - Standard Test Method for Methylene Blue Active Substances
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D5806-95(2017) - Standard Test Method for Disinfectant Quaternary Ammonium Salts by Potentiometric Titration
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D8179-18 - Standard Guide for Characterizing Detergents for the Cleaning of Clinically-used Medical Devices
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2000

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 459 – 00
Standard Terminology Relating to
,
1 2
Soaps and Other Detergents
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 459; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope active ingredient of a synthetic detergent—the organic
surface-active material present in the detergent.
1.1 This terminology covers soaps and other detergents.
active oxygen—in cleaning compounds, the oxidizing power
2. Referenced Documents of oxygen present as peroxide or other active oxygen-
3
containingmoietiesinsolutionexpressedasoxygen(equiva-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
lent weight 8.00).
D460 Test Methods for Sampling and Chemical Analysis
alkaline detergent—under detergent, see inorganic alkaline
of Soaps and Soap Products
detergent.
D820 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Soaps Con-
alkyl benzene sulfonate (in the context of soaps and
taining Synthetic Detergents
detergents)—the detergent produced by sulfonating deter-
D2330 Test Method for Methylene BlueActive Substances
gent alkylate; any surface-active substance having the mo-
D2667 Test Method for Biodegradability of Alkylbenzene
lecular structure of a benzene sulfonic acid having as a ring
Sulfonates
substituent(s) an alkyl group(s) sufficiently large to confer
D2960 Guide for Controlled Laundering Test Using Natu-
detergent properties.
rally Soiled Fabrics and Household Appliances
ampholytic surfactant or amphoteric surfactant—see surface-
D4265 Guide for Evaluating Stain Removal Performance
active agent.
in Home Laundering
anhydrous soap—under soap, see anhydrous soap.
D5548 Guide for Evaluating Color Transfer or Color Loss
anionic detergent—under detergent, see anionic detergent.
of Dyed Fabrics in Laundering
artificially soiled cloth (sometimes called “standard soiled
3. Terms and Definitions
cloth”)—clothsoiledwithoneormorematerialsandusedto
evaluate the effectiveness of detergents or washing equip-
ABS—an abbreviation for alkyl benzene sulfonate. Although
ment.
strictly speaking this might apply to any such compound,
available chlorine in cleaning compounds—the oxidizing
present practice is to use it for those containing branched
power of chlorine present as hypochlorite or other oxidizing
chains. (See LAS).
chlorine moieties in solution, expressed as chlorine of
acid-wash color—the color developed in the separated acid
equivalent weight 35.45, and as determined by thiosulfate
when a sample of detergent alkylate is agitated with sulfuric
titration.
acid under the conditions prescribed by the method.
bathroom soil—the soil composed of water insoluble, or
practically insoluble, materials or a mixture of these mate-
rials, present on typical bathroom surfaces other than those
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D12 on Soaps
of floors and toilets. A major component of this soil is the
and Other Detergents and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D12.32 on
insoluble precipitate, commonly referred to as “soap scum,”
Nomenclature and Definitions.
Current edition approved June 10, 2000. Published July 2000. Originally that is deposited when soap is used in hard water.
published as D459–37T. Last previous edition D459–98.
blended soap—under soap, see blended soap.
2
A “Handbook of Industry Terms” is available from the Soap and Detergent
brightener—see fluorescent whitening agents (FWA).
Association, 475 Park Ave. S., New York, NY 10016. This is an essentially
brightening agent—see fluorescent whitening agents (FWA).
nontechnical list of definitions of interest to the soap and detergent industry. It is
referenced here for information purposes only.
buffer action—the resistance of a solution to change in pH.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
builder—a material added to a soap or synthetic detergent
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
formulation that enhances or maintains the cleaning effi-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. ciency of the surfactant, principally by inactivating water
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D459–00
hardness either by sequestration, precipitation, or ion ex- phases in the cleaning tank, namely, a solvent layer and an
change. Other functions, depending on the performance aqueous layer, which cleans by solvent action and emulsifi-
capability of the builder compound used, include supplying cation.
alkalinity, bufferin
...