ASTM D3888-07e1
(Terminology)Standard Terminology for Yarn Spinning Systems
Standard Terminology for Yarn Spinning Systems
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Terminology D3888 was originally developed as a terminology standard for rotor spinning when it evolved as a new yarn spinning technology in the 1980’s. Ring spinning production had been the traditional spinning since the early 1800's when hand spinning became mechanized. Rotor spinning and other spinning technologies increased yarn production rates and formed yarns by different mechanical means that generated yarns with characteristics unlike traditional ring-spun yarns. The revision of this document is intended to compile terminology for current yarn spinning systems into one standard rather than individual standards, in that all yarn formation is generated by processing raw fiber into a spun yarn by using common preparation steps, such as opening, cleaning, carding, roving formation, and sometimes combing. Terminology in this standard is grouped by the type of spinning system and in chronological order of their development and production usage. It should be noted that the higher end of yarn number ranges cited with each spinning system are possible but are rare in actual production.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers terms related to ring, rotor, and air jet yarn spinning systems.
1.1.1 This standard formerly only included terminology related to open-end spinning. It has been expanded to include terms relating to ring and air jet spinning systems.
1.1.2 While the term rotor spinning is technically correct, the terms rotor and open-end are used interchangeably in the textile industry.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation:D3888–07
Standard Terminology for
1
Yarn Spinning Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3888; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—This terminology was updated editorially with terms from Subcommittee D13.58 standards in September 2011.
1. Scope 1800’s when hand spinning became mechanized. Rotor spin-
ningandotherspinningtechnologiesincreasedyarnproduction
1.1 This terminology covers terms related to ring, rotor, and
rates and formed yarns by different mechanical means that
air jet yarn spinning systems.
generated yarns with characteristics unlike traditional ring-
1.1.1 This standard formerly only included terminology
spun yarns. The revision of this document is intended to
related to open-end spinning. It has been expanded to include
compile terminology for current yarn spinning systems into
terms relating to ring and air jet spinning systems.
one standard rather than individual standards, in that all yarn
1.1.2 While the term rotor spinning is technically correct,
formation is generated by processing raw fiber into a spun yarn
the terms rotor and open-end are used interchangeably in the
by using common preparation steps, such as opening, cleaning,
textile industry.
carding, roving formation, and sometimes combing. Terminol-
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ogy in this standard is grouped by the type of spinning system
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
andinchronologicalorderoftheirdevelopmentandproduction
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
usage. It should be noted that the higher end of yarn number
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
rangescitedwitheachspinningsystemarepossiblebutarerare
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
in actual production.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Terminology
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 Ring Spinning—Ring spinning is the oldest spinning
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
system in use, therefore ring-spun yarns are the basis for
D861 Practice for Use of the Tex System to Designate
comparing yarns produced from other spinning systems. Pro-
Linear Density of Fibers, Yarn Intermediates, and Yarns
duction rates are low when compared to new spinning systems.
D1244 Practice for Designation of Yarn Construction
The production delivery capability of ring spinning is limited
D2255 TestMethodforGradingSpunYarnsforAppearance
by traveler velocity and the twist limits of the yarn number
D2260 Tables of Conversion Factors and Equivalent Yarn
being made; the speed may range between 10 and 20 m/min.
Numbers Measured in Various Numbering Systems
Ring spinning allows for the production of the widest range of
D3888 Terminology for Yarn Spinning Systems
yarn numbers from 200 to 2 tex (Ne 3/1 to 300/1). Ring-spun
D3990 Terminology Relating to Fabric Defects c
yarnsareproducedbydraftingrovingsbetweenpairsofrollers,
3. Significance and Use twisting the drafted roving by passing it under a traveler that
rotates around a fixed ring on the frame of the spinning
3.1 Terminology D3888 was originally developed as a
machine, and winding the twisted strand on a removable
terminology standard for rotor spinning when it evolved as a
bobbin mounted on a rotating spindle. Ring spun yarns are
new yarn spinning technology in the 1980’s. Ring spinning
characterized by a uniform fiber orientation around the yarn
production had been the traditional spinning since the early
axis. See Fig. 1.
1 bobbin, n—a slightly tapered plastic cylinder, mounted on a
ThisterminologyisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers. spindle of a ring spinning frame on which yarn produced
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally
from drafting and twisting is wound.
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D3888 – 95 (2001).
DOI: 10.1520/D3888-07E01.
DISCUSSION—Yarn from several ring frame bobbins is wound onto a
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
cone or cheese to create a larger package from which it can be easily
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
unwound for use in weaving, knitting, or other processes.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.