ASTM E1402-99

Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling

SCOPE
1.1 This standard includes those items related to statistical aspects of sampling.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Nov-1999
• ICS: 01.040.19 - Testing (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 19.020 - Test conditions and procedures in general
• Technical Committee: E11 - Quality and Statistics
• Drafting Committee: E11.10 - Sampling / Statistics

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM E1402-08 - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E1732-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999
• Referred By: ASTM E3264-21 - Standard Guide for Homogeneity of Samples and Reference Materials Used for Inter- and Intra-Laboratory Studies
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999
• Referred By: ASTM C1285-21 - Standard Test Methods for Determining Chemical Durability of Nuclear, Hazardous, and Mixed Waste Glasses and Multiphase Glass Ceramics: The Product Consistency Test (PCT)
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999
• Referred By: ASTM C1869-18(2023) - Standard Test Method for Open-Hole Tensile Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramic Composites
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999
• Referred By: ASTM E456-13a(2022) - Standard Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999
• Referred By: ASTM F3207-17 - Standard Guide for <emph type="bdit">in vivo</emph> Evaluation of Rabbit Lumbar Intertransverse Process Spinal Fusion Model
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999
• Referred By: ASTM E1367-03(2023) - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Estuarine and Marine Invertebrates
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999
• Referred By: ASTM E105-21 - Standard Guide for Probability Sampling of Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999
• Referred By: ASTM E141-10(2018) - Standard Practice for Acceptance of Evidence Based on the Results of Probability Sampling
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999
• Referred By: ASTM E1488-12(2023) - Standard Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Developing and Applying Test Methods
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999
• Referred By: ASTM F3295-18 - Standard Guide for Impingement Testing of Total Disc Prostheses
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999
• Referred By: ASTM E2334-09(2023) - Standard Practice for Setting an Upper Confidence Bound for a Fraction or Number of Non-Conforming items, or a Rate of Occurrence for Non-Conformities, Using Attribute Data, When There is a Zero Response in the Sample
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999
• Referred By: ASTM E2655-14(2020) - Standard Guide for Reporting Uncertainty of Test Results and Use of the Term Measurement Uncertainty in ASTM Test Methods
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999
• Referred By: ASTM F1089-18 - Standard Test Method for Corrosion of Surgical Instruments
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:E1402–99
Standard Terminology
Relating to Sampling
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1402; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
blocks as primary sampling units; selection of a household as a cluster
1. Scope
ofpeople(ofwhichonlyonemaybeinterviewed);selectionofabundle
1.1 This terminology covers those items related to statistical
of rods or pipe from a shipment; and selection, from a shipment of
aspects of sampling.
cartons that contain boxes or packages within them.
2. Referenced Documents
double sampling, n—a form of multi-phase sampling, in
which there are only two phases. See phase.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
draw, n—a term used in sample selection. See step.
E 105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
final sample, n—sample obtained at the final stage of multi-
E 456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
stage sampling.
3. Significance and Use
multi-stage sampling, nested sampling— sampling in which
the sample is selected by stages, the sampling units at each
3.1 This terminology standard is a subsidiary to Terminol-
stage being from the larger sampling units chosen at the
ogy E 456.
previous stage.
3.2 It provides definitions, descriptions, discussions, and
comparison of terms.
NOTE 1—Multi-stagesamplingisdifferentfrommultiplesampling.(see
acceptance sampling).
4. Terminology
primary sampling unit, psu, n—the element, increment,
acceptance quality limit (AQL), n— quality level that is the
segment or cluster selected at the first stage of the selection
worst tolerable process average when a continuing series of
procedure from a population or universe.
lots is submitted for acceptance sampling.
DISCUSSION—This concept requires that the universe (or population)
DISCUSSION—This concept only applies when a sampling scheme
has been divided into a discrete set of sampling units or can be so
with rules for switching and discontinuation such as in ISO 2859-1 or
divided in the process of selecting the sample. Examples are cartons of
ISO 3951 is used. Although individual lots with quality as bad as the
a lot or shipment, bales of wool or jute, and units created in moving a
acceptance quality limit may be accepted with fairly high probability,
bulk material such as coal or sand. These units are designated as the
the designation of an acceptance quality limit does not suggest that this
primary sampling units, which may be subsampled at further stages of
is a desirable quality level. Sampling schemes found in international
the sampling procedure.
standards such as ISO 2859-1, with their rules for switching and
discontinuation of sampling inspection, are designed to encourage probability sample, n—a sample of which the sampling units
suppliers to have process averages consistently better than AQL.
have been selected by a chance process such that, at each
Otherwise, there is a high risk that the inspection severity will be
step of selection, a specified probability of selection can be
switched to tightened inspection, under which the criteria for lot
attached to each sampling unit available for selection.
acceptance become more demanding. Once on tightened inspection,
unless action is taken to improve the process, it is very likely that the
DISCUSSION—Theseprobabilitiesofselectionneednotbeequal,Also,
rule requiring discontinuation of sampling inspection pending such
see Practice E 105 in this volume.
improvement will be invoked.
proportional sampling, n—a method of selection such that
cluster sampling, n— when the primary sampling unit com-
the proportion of the sampling units (usually, psu’s) selected
prises a bundle of elementary units or a group of subunits,
for the sample from each stratum is the same (except for
the term cluster sampling may be applied.
possible rounding effects).
DISCUSSION—Examples of cluster sampling are: selection of city
DISCUSSION—The procedure for proportional sampling is to select a
sample from each stratum of a stratified universe (or population) such
that (except for possible rounding effects):
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E11 on Quality
n sub 1/N sub 1 = n sub 2/N sub 2 = n sub g/N sub g,
and Statistics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E11.70 on Editorial/
Terminology.
where:
Current edition approved Nov. 16, 2001. Published February 2000. Originally
published as E 1402 – 91. Last previous edition E 1402 – 96.
n sub i = the sample size, and
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
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E1402–99
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