prEN ISO/ASTM 52938-1
(Main)Additive manufacturing of metals - Environment, health and safety - Part 1: Safety requirements for PBF-LB machines (ISO/ASTM DIS 52938-1:2023)
Additive manufacturing of metals - Environment, health and safety - Part 1: Safety requirements for PBF-LB machines (ISO/ASTM DIS 52938-1:2023)
This document deals with the technical requirements and the means for their verification for AM machines using a bed of metallic powder and a laser herein designed as machine.
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events during all phases of the life of the machine (ISO 12100:2010, 5.4), as listed in Annex A, relevant to the applicable machine when it is used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable
by the manufacturer.
This document does not deal with hazards which can occur:
— during construction;
— operating in potentially explosive atmospheres.
This document is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication
Additive Fertigung von Metallen - Umwelt, Gesundheit und Sicherheit - Teil 1: Sicherheitsanforderungen für PBF-LB-Maschinen (ISO/ASTM DIS 52938-1:2023)
Dieses Dokument behandelt die technischen Anforderungen und die Mittel zu deren Verifizierung für Maschinen zur Additiven Fertigung (AM), die ein Metallpulverbett, unter Ausschluss pyrophorer Ausgangsmaterialien, und einen Laser verwenden und im Folgenden als Maschine bezeichnet werden.
Dieses Dokument behandelt alle in Anhang A aufgeführten signifikanten Gefährdungen, Gefährdungssituationen oder Gefährdungsereignisse während aller Phasen der Maschinen-Lebensdauer (ISO 12100:2010, 5.4), die bei vorgesehener Nutzung der AM-Maschinen, die ein Metallpulverbett und einen Laser verwenden, unter normalen Bedingungen oder bei durch den Hersteller vorhersehbaren Fehlanwendungen relevant sind.
Dieses Dokument behandelt keine Gefahren, die im Folgenden auftreten können:
während des Baus;
beim Betrieb in explosionsgefährdeter Umgebung.
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Maschinen, die vor dem Veröffentlichungsdatum dieses Dokuments hergestellt wurden.
Fabrication additive de métaux - Environnement, hygiène et sécurité - Partie 1: Exigences de sécurité pour les machines PBF-LB (ISO/ASTM DIS 52938-1:2023)
Aditivna proizvodnja kovin - Okolje, zdravje in varnost - 1. del: Varnostne zahteve za stroje za lasersko spajanje prahu v postelji (PBF-LB) (ISO/ASTM DIS 52938-1:2023)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2023
01-junij-2023
Aditivna proizvodnja kovin - Okolje, zdravje in varnost - 1. del: Varnostne zahteve
za stroje za lasersko spajanje prahu v postelji (PBF-LB) (ISO/ASTM DIS 52938-
1:2023)
Additive manufacturing of metals - Environment, health and safety - Part 1: Safety
requirements for PBF-LB machines (ISO/ASTM DIS 52938-1:2023)
Additive Fertigung von Metallen - Umwelt, Gesundheit und Sicherheit - Teil 1:
Sicherheitsanforderungen für PBF-LB-Maschinen (ISO/ASTM DIS 52938-1:2023)
Fabrication additive de métaux - Environnement, hygiène et sécurité - Partie 1:
Exigences de sécurité pour les machines PBF-LB (ISO/ASTM DIS 52938-1:2023)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO/ASTM 52938-1
ICS:
13.100 Varnost pri delu. Industrijska Occupational safety.
higiena Industrial hygiene
13.110 Varnost strojev Safety of machinery
25.030 3D-tiskanje Additive manufacturing
oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2023
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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2023
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/ASTM DIS 52938-1
ISO/TC 261 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2023-04-27 2023-07-20
Additive manufacturing of metals — Environment, health
and safety —
Part 1:
Safety requirements for PBF-LB machines
Fabrication additive de métaux — Environnement, hygiène et sécurité —
Partie 1: Exigences de sécurité pour les machines PBF-LB
ICS: 13.110; 13.100; 25.030
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/ASTM DIS 52938-1:2023(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. © ISO/ASTM International 2023
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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2023
ISO/ASTM DIS 52938-1:2023(E)
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/ASTM DIS 52938-1
ISO/TC 261 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
Additive manufacturing of metals — Environment, health
and safety —
Part 1:
Safety requirements for PBF-LB machines
Fabrication additive de métaux — Environnement, hygiène et sécurité —
Partie 1: Exigences de sécurité pour les machines PBF-LB
ICS: 13.110; 13.100; 25.030
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO/ASTM International 2023 THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
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or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester. In the United States, such requests should be sent to ASTM International.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
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POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
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Reference number
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NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Website: www.iso.org Website: www.astm.org ISO/ASTM DIS 52938-1:2023(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
Published in Switzerland
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
ii
© ISO/ASTM International 2023 – All rights reserved
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. © ISO/ASTM International 2023
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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2023
ISO/ASTM DIS 52938-1:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 3
4 Safety requirements and measures.3
4.1 General . 3
4.2 Protective measures . 3
4.2.1 General . 3
4.2.2 Safeguards . 3
4.2.3 Control devices. 4
4.2.4 Control systems . 4
4.3 Protection against mechanical hazards. 8
4.3.1 Stability . 8
4.3.2 Moving parts . 8
4.3.3 Protection against slipping, tripping or falling . 9
4.4 Protection against electrical hazards . 9
4.4.1 General . 9
4.4.2 Protection from electrostatic phenomena . 9
4.5 Protection against thermal hazards . 9
4.6 Protection against vibration hazards . 9
4.7 Protection against Noise. 9
4.8 Protection against laser radiation hazards . 10
4.9 Protection against pneumatic hazards . 10
4.10 Protection against hydraulic hazards. 10
4.11 Protection against hazards generated by materials and substances . 10
4.11.1 Metal particulate handling and recovery. 10
4.11.2 Build object recovery and post-processing particulate . 11
4.11.3 Explosion and fire hazards. 11
4.11.4 Hazards generated by inert gases .12
4.12 Protection against ergonomic hazards . 13
4.13 Hazards generated by overpressure . 13
4.14 Hazards generated by failure of power supply . 13
5 Verification of safety requirements and/or measures .13
5.1 General .13
5.2 Verification based on noise emission values . 15
6 Information for use .15
6.1 General . 15
6.2 Cleaning and maintenance . 16
6.3 Handling . 17
7 Marking . .17
Annex A (informative) List of significant hazards .18
Annex B (normative) Overview of required performance level (PLr) .23
Annex C (normative) Noise test code .24
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered .29
Bibliography .32
iii
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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2023
ISO/ASTM DIS 52938-1:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 261, Additive manufacturing, in cooperation
with ASTM Committee F42, Additive Manufacturing Technologies, on the basis of a partnership
agreement between ISO and ASTM International with the aim to create a common set of ISO/ASTM
standards on Additive Manufacturing.
iv
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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2023
ISO/ASTM DIS 52938-1:2023(E)
Introduction
The ISO/ASTM 52938 series provides technical safety requirements for the design and manufacturing of
Additive Manufacturing (AM) machinery for use in the industry. It concerns designers, manufacturers,
suppliers and importers of the machines specified in the Scope. It also includes a list of informative
items that the manufacturer will need to give to the user.
Environment, health and safety requirements for use of AM machines using metallic feedstocks are
addressed in ISO/ASTM 52931:2023.
This document is a type-C standard as stated in ISO 12100:2010.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events
are covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or
type-B standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of
the other standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of
this type-C standard.
v
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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2023
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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2023
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/ASTM DIS 52938-1:2023(E)
Additive manufacturing of metals — Environment, health
and safety —
Part 1:
Safety requirements for PBF-LB machines
1 Scope
This document deals with the technical requirements and the means for their verification for Additive
Manufacturing (AM) machines using a bed of metallic powder, pyrophoric feedstock excluded, and a
laser herein designated as machine.
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events during all
phases of the life of the machine (ISO 12100:2010, 5.4), as listed in Annex A, caused by AM machines
using a bed of metallic powder and a laser when used as intended and under conditions of misuse which
are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer.
This document does not deal with hazards which can occur:
— during construction;
— operating in potentially explosive atmospheres.
This document is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/ASTM 52900:2021, Additive manufacturing — General principles — Terminology
ISO 3744:2010, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources
using sound pressure — Engineering methods for an essentially free field over a reflecting plane
ISO 3746:2010, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources
using sound pressure — Survey method using an enveloping measurement surface over a reflecting plane
ISO 4413:2010, Hydraulic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components
ISO 4414:2010, Pneumatic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components
ISO 4871:1996, Acoustics — Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and
equipment
ISO 11553-1:2020, Safety of machinery — Laser processing machines — Part 1: Laser safety requirements
ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
ISO 11201:2010, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions in an essentially free field over a
reflecting plane with negligible environmental corrections
1
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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2023
ISO/ASTM DIS 52938-1:2023(E)
ISO 11202:2010, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions applying approximate environmental
corrections
ISO 13732-1:2006, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Methods for the assessment of human
responses to contact with surfaces — Part 1: Hot surfaces
ISO 13732-3:2005, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Methods for the assessment of human
responses to contact with surfaces — Part 3: Cold surfaces
ISO 13849-1:2015, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General
principles for design
ISO 13849-2:2012, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 2: Validation
ISO 13850:2015, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop function — Principles for design
ISO 13855:2022, Safety of machinery — Positioning of protective equipment with respect to the approach
speeds of parts of the human body
ISO 14118:2017, Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up
ISO 14119:2013, Safety of machinery — Interlocking devices associated with guards — Principles for
design and selection
ISO 14120:2015, Safety of machinery — Guards — General requirements for the design and construction of
fixed and movable guards
ISO 14122-1:2016, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 1: Choice of
fixed means and general requirements of access
ISO 20607:2019, Safety of machinery — Instruction handbook — General drafting principles
IEC 60204-1:2016, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements
IEC 60529:1989, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 60825-1:2014, Safety of laser products — Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements
IEC 60825-4:2022, Safety of laser products — Part 4: Laser guards
IEC 61310-1:2007, Safety of machinery — Indication, marking and actuation — Part 1: Requirements for
visual, acoustic and tactile signals
IEC 61496-1:2020, Safety of machinery — Electro-sensitive protective equipment — Part 1: General
requirements and tests
IEC 61496-2:2020, Safety of machinery — Electro-sensitive protective equipment — Part 2: Particular
requirements for equipment using active opto-electronic protective devices (AOPDs)
IEC 61496-3:2018, Safety of machinery — Electro-sensitive protective equipment — Part 3: Particular
requirements for active opto-electronic protective devices responsive to diffuse Reflection (AOPDDR)
IEC 61800-5-2:2017, Adjustable speed electrical power drive systems — Part 5-2: Safety requirements —
Functional
IEC 62477-1:2022, Safety requirements for power electronic converter systems and equipment — Part 1:
General
EN 614-1:2006+A1: 2009, Safety of machinery — Ergonomic design principles — Part 1: Terminology and
general principles
2
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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2023
ISO/ASTM DIS 52938-1:2023(E)
E N 8 9 4 -2:2008 +A 1: 2008 , Safety of machinery — Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and
control actuators — Part 2: Displays
E N 1005 -2:2003+A 1: 2008 , Safety of machinery — Human physical performance — Part 2: Manual handling
of machinery and component parts of machinery
E N 1005 -3:2002+A 1: 2008 , Safety of machinery — Human physical performance — Part 3: Recommended
force limits for machinery operation
EN ISO 11688-1:2009, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and
equipment — Part 1: planning
EN 14034-3:2006+A1: 2011, Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds — Part 3:
Determination of the lower explosion limit LEL of dust clouds
E N 14 03 4 - 4:20 0 4 +A 1: 2011, Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds — Part 4:
Determination of the limiting oxygen concentration LOC of dust clouds
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100:2010, ISO 13849-1:2015,
IEC 60825-1:2014 and ISO/ASTM 52900:2021 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Safety requirements and measures
4.1 General
For a list of significant hazards related to a machine see Annex A.
The machine shall comply with the protective and/or risk reduction requirements of this document. In
addition, equipment and systems shall be designed in accordance with the principles of ISO 12100:2010
for relevant, but non-significant, hazards which are not covered by this document.
Safety requirement and/or measures shall be verified according to Clause 5.
4.2 Protective measures
4.2.1 General
Machinery shall be designed and safeguarded in accordance with the specific requirements and/or
protective measures listed below.
Safeguards shall be positioned in accordance with ISO 13855:2022.
4.2.2 Safeguards
4.2.2.1 Fixed guards
Fixed guards shall be designed in accordance with ISO 12100:2010, 6.3.3.2.2 and ISO 14120:2015, 5.3.
Guards shall be chosen according to ISO 14120:2015, Clause 6, all further requirements for protective
measures are given in this clause.
3
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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2023
ISO/ASTM DIS 52938-1:2023(E)
4.2.2.2 Interlocking movable guards
4.2.2.2.1 General
If fitted, movable guards shall be designed in accordance with ISO 14120:2015, 5.3.12, and shall be
interlocked.
4.2.2.2.2 Movable guards with interlocking without guard locking
Guard interlocking without guard locking shall fulfil the principles of ISO 14119:2013, 4.2.
4.2.2.2.3 Movable guards with interlocking with guard locking
Guard interlocking with guard locking shall fulfil the principles of ISO 14119:2013, 4.3.
Guard interlocking with manually operated guard locking according to ISO 14119:2013, F.5, may be
applied if the time necessary for the guard to be unlocked is greater than the time necessary for the
hazardous movement to cease.
4.2.2.3 Electro-sensitive protective equipment (ESPE)
Electro-sensitive protective equipment (ESPE) shall be designed and arranged according to:
a) IEC 61496-1:2020 and IEC 61496-2:2020 and as minimum type 2 as defined in IEC 61496-2:2020 for
active opto-electronic protective devices (AOPD), also known as light curtains or light barriers;
b) IEC 61496-3:2008 and as minimum type 3 as defined in IEC 61496-2:2020 for laser scanners
(AOPDDR).
4.2.3 Control devices
The electrical hand-operated control devices of the machine, i.e. for start, normal stop, and, if fitted, for
programmable end stop, panel pusher, shall be positioned on the front side of the main control panel
fixed to the front of the machine.
4.2.4 Control systems
4.2.4.1 General
For the design and implementation of any safety function, whether realized in electric, pneumatic,
hydraulic or mechanic technology, the appropriate requirements of ISO 13849-1:2015 apply.
Machine safety functions are implemented and assured through safety-related parts of the control
system (SRP/CS) that achieve a required performance level (PL ). This requirement is given in Annex B.
r
Wherever a performance level is mentioned in this document, the requirements for the performance
level (PL) refer to ISO 13849-1:2015.
For SRP/CS as part of a safety component or protective device for which there is an existing related
type-B safety standard, all requirements of that standard apply.
The safety-related embedded software (SRESW) of the SRP/CS shall be in accordance with
ISO 13849-1:2015, 4.6.1 and 4.6.2.
The safety-related application software (SRASW) of the SRP/CS shall be in accordance with
ISO 13849-1:2015, 4.6.1 and 4.6.3.
SRP/CS shall be validated according to ISO 13849-1:2015, Clause 8 (see also ISO 13849-2:2012).
4
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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52938-1:2023
ISO/ASTM DIS 52938-1:2023(E)
The environmental conditions to which SRP/CS are exposed, e.g. dust, fumes and/or gases, shall be
taken into account. The SRP/CS shall fulfil the environmental requirements of IEC 62477-1:2022.
4.2.4.2 Start and restart
Before start or restart of the machine, all relevant safeguards shall be in place and operational. Start
or restart shall only be possible by actuation of the start control device provided for that purpose.
Unintended actuation shall be impeded, e.g. by a control device with shroud.
The SRP/CS for prevention of unexpected start/restart and for interlocking arrangements shall meet
the requirements of ISO 14118:2017. For electrically operated machines, see IEC 60204-1:2016, 7.5 and
9.2.5.2.
4.2.4.3 Stop function
The stop function shall be realized according to IEC 60204-1:2016, 9.2.2.
4.2.4.4 Normal stop
The machine shall be fitted with a stop control which, when activated, brings all machine actuators and
any demountable power feed unit safely to a stop.
If no emergency stop control is necessary, all normal stop control devices shall protrude and have no
shroud.
For normal stop of PDS(SR) (power drive system, safety-related), IEC 61800-5-2:2017, 4.2.3.2 [safe
torque off (STO)] and IEC 61800-5-2:2017, 4.2.3.3 [safe stop 1 (SS1)] apply.
For machine actuators stopped in stop category 0, power shall be cut to these actuators (if fitted) unless
STO according to IEC 61800-5-2:2017 is used.
4.2.4.5 Operational stop
For operational stops, the stopping sequence shall be as follows.
a) Stop the machine actuators in stop category 2 according to IEC 60204-1:2016, 9.2.2, and keep
clamping effective (if fitted).
b)
...
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