EN 1993-4-1:2007
(Main)Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 4-1: Silos
Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 4-1: Silos
Complementary to Part 1. Varied general rules and additional detailed rules for the structural design of free standing or supported steel silos of circular or rectangular plan for storing bulk granular solids.
Eurocode 3 - Bemessung und Konstruktion von Stahlbauten - Teil 4-1: Silos
Eurocode 3 - Calcul des structures en acier - Partie 4-1: Silos
Les Etats Membres de l'UE et de l'AELE reconnaissent que les Eurocodes servent de documents de référence pour les usages suivants :
comme moyen de prouver la conformité des bâtiments et des ouvrages de génie civil aux exigences essentielles de la Directive du Conseil 89/106/CEE, en particulier à l'Exigence Essentielle N°1 Stabilité et résistance mécanique et à l'Exigence Essentielle N°2 Sécurité en cas d'incendie ;
comme base de spécification des contrats pour les travaux de construction et les services techniques associés ;
comme cadre d'établissement de spécifications techniques harmonisées pour les produits de construction (EN et ATE).
Les Eurocodes, dans la mesure où ils concernent les ouvrages eux-mêmes, ont une relation directe avec les Documents Interprétatifs ) bien qu'ils soient d'une nature différente de celle des normes harmonisées de produits ). En conséquence, les aspects techniques résultant des travaux effectués pour les Eurocodes nécessitent d'être pris en considération de façon adéquate par les Comités techniques du CEN et/ou les groupes de travail de l'EOTA travaillant sur les normes de produits en vue de parvenir à une complète compatibilité de ces spécifications techniques avec les Eurocodes.
Les normes Eurocodes fournissent des règles de conception structurale communes d’usage quotidien pour le calcul des structures entières et des produits composants de nature traditionnelle ou innovatrice. Les formes de construction ou les conceptions inhabituelles ne sont pas spécifiquement couvertes, et il appartiendra en ces cas au concepteur de se procurer des bases spécialisées supplémentaires.
Evrokod 3: Projektiranje jeklenih konstrukcij - 4-1.del: Silosi
Dodatek k delu 1. Različna splošna pravila in dodatna podrobna pravila za konstrukcijsko zasnovo prosto stoječih ali podprtih jeklenih silosov z okroglim ali pravokotnim tlorisom za shranjevanje surovih razsutih snovi v zrnih.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 4-1: SilosEvrokod 3: Projektiranje jeklenih konstrukcij - 4-1.del: SilosiEurocode 3 - Calcul des structures en acier - Partie 4-1: SilosEurocode 3 - Bemessung und Konstruktion von Stahlbauten - Teil 4-1: SilosTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 1993-4-1:2007SIST EN 1993-4-1:2007en;de91.080.10Kovinske konstrukcijeMetal structures91.010.30Technical aspects65.040.20Buildings and installations for processing and storage of agricultural produceICS:SIST ENV 1993-4-1:20011DGRPHãþDSLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 1993-4-1:200701-julij-2007
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 1993-4-1February 2007ICS 65.040.20; 91.010.30; 91.080.10Supersedes ENV 1993-4-1:1999
English VersionEurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 4-1: SilosEurocode 3 - Calcul des structures en acier - Partie 4-1:SilosEurocode 3 - Bemessung und Konstruktion vonStahlbauten - Teil 4-1: SilosThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 June 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2007 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1993-4-1:2007: E
EN 1993-4-1: 2007 (E)
Contents
Foreword 4 1 General 9 1.1 Scope 9 1.2 Normative references 9 1.3 Assumptions 10 1.4 Distinction between principles and application rules 10 1.5 Terms and definitions 10 1.6 Symbols used in Part 4.1 of Eurocode 3 13 1.7 Sign conventions 15 1.8 Units 20 2
Basis of design 20 2.1 Requirements 20 2.2 Reliability differentiation 20 2.3 Limit states 21 2.4 Actions and environmental effects 22 2.5 Material properties 22 2.6 Geometrical data 22 2.7 Modelling of the silo for determining action effects 22 2.8 Design assisted by testing 22 2.9 Action effects for limit state verifications 23 2.10 Durability 24 2.11 Fire resistance 24 3
Properties of materials 25 3.1 General 25 3.2 Structural steels 25 3.3 Stainless steels 25 3.4 Special alloy steels 25 3.5 Toughness requirements 26 4 Basis for structural analysis 27 4.1 Ultimate limit states 27 4.2 Analysis of the structure of a shell silo 28 4.3 Analysis of the box structure of a rectangular silo 31 4.4 Equivalent orthotropic properties of corrugated sheeting 32 5 Design of cylindrical walls 35 5.1 Basis 35 5.2 Distinctions between cylindrical shell forms 35 5.3 Resistance of silo cylindrical walls 36 5.4 Special support conditions for cylindrical walls 59 5.5 Detailing for openings in cylindrical walls 64 5.6 Serviceability limit states 65 6 Design of conical hoppers 66 6.1 Basis 66 6.2 Distinctions between hopper shell forms 66 6.3 Resistance of conical hoppers 67 6.4 Considerations for special hopper structures 72 6.5 Serviceability limit states 73
EN 1993-4-1: 2007 (E)
7 Design of circular conical roof structures 75 7.1 Basis 75 7.2 Distinctions between roof structural forms 75 7.3 Resistance of circular conical silo roofs 75 8 Design of transition junctions and supporting ring girders 77 8.1 Basis 77 8.2 Analysis of the junction 80 8.3 Structural resistances 86 8.4 Limit state verifications 90 8.5 Considerations concerning support arrangements for the junction 92 9 Design of rectangular and planar-sided silos 94 9.1 Basis 94 9.2 Classification of structural forms 94 9.3 Resistance of unstiffened vertical walls 95 9.4 Resistance of silo walls composed of stiffened and corrugated plates 95 9.5 Silos with internal ties 100 9.6 Strength of pyramidal hoppers 100 9.7 Vertical stiffeners on box walls 102 9.8 Serviceability limit states 102 Annex A: [Informative] 104 Simplified rules for circular silos in Consequence Class 1 104 A.1 Action combinations for Consequence Class 1 104 A.2 Action effect assessment 104 A.3 Ultimate limit state assessment 104 Annex B: [Informative] 111 Expressions for membrane stresses in conical hoppers 111 Annex C: [Informative] 113 Distribution of wind pressure around circular silo structures 113
EN 1993-4-1: 2007 (E)
Foreword This European Standard EN 1993-4-1, “Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures – Part 4-1: Silos”, has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC250 « Structural Eurocodes », the Secretariat of which is held by BSI. CEN/TC250 is responsible for all Structural Eurocodes.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a National Standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2007 and conflicting National Standards shall be withdrawn at latest by March 2010.
This Eurocode supersedes ENV 1993-4-1:1999.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the National Standard Organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Background of the Eurocode programme In 1975, the Commission of the European Community decided on an action programme in the field of construction, based on article 95 of the Treaty. The objective of the programme was the elimination of technical obstacles to trade and the harmonisation of technical specifications. Within this action programme, the Commission took the initiative to establish a set of harmonised technical rules for the design of construction works which, in a first stage, would serve as an alternative to the national rules in force in the Member States and, ultimately, would replace them.
For fifteen years, the Commission, with the help of a Steering Committee with Representatives of Member States, conducted the development of the Eurocodes programme, which led to the first generation of European codes in the 1980’s.
In 1989, the Commission and the Member States of the EU and EFTA decided, on the basis of an agreement1)
between the Commission and CEN, to transfer the preparation and the publication of the Eurocodes to the CEN through a series of Mandates, in order to provide them with a future status of European Standard (EN). This links de facto the Eurocodes with the provisions of all the Council’s Directives and/or Commission’s Decisions dealing with European standards (e.g. the Council Directive 89/106/EEC on construction products - CPD - and Council Directives 93/37/EEC, 92/50/EEC and 89/440/EEC on public works and services and equivalent EFTA Directives initiated in pursuit of setting up the internal market). The Structural Eurocode programme comprises the following standards generally consisting of a number of Parts: EN1990 Eurocode: Basis of structural design EN1991 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures EN1992 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures EN1993 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures EN1994 Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures EN1995 Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures
1) Agreement between the Commission of the European Communities and the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN) concerning the work on EUROCODES for the design of building and civil engineering works (BC/CEN/03/89).
EN 1993-4-1: 2007 (E)
EN1996 Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures EN1997 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design EN1998 Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance EN1999 Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures Eurocode standards recognise the responsibility of regulatory authorities in each Member State and have safeguarded their right to determine values related to regulatory safety matters at national level where these continue to vary from State to State. Status and field of application of Eurocodes The Member States of the EU and EFTA recognise that EUROCODES serve as reference documents for the following purposes:
as a means to prove compliance of building and civil engineering works with the essential requirements of Council Directive 89/106/EEC, particularly Essential Requirement N°1 - Mechanical resistance and stability - and Essential Requirement N°2 - Safety in case of fire ; - as a basis for specifying contracts for construction works and related engineering services ; - as a framework for drawing up harmonised technical specifications for construction products (ENs and ETAs) The Eurocodes, as far as they concern the construction works themselves, have a direct relationship with the Interpretative Documents2) referred to in Article 12 of the CPD, although they are of a different nature from harmonised product standards3). Therefore, technical aspects arising from the Eurocodes work need to be adequately considered by CEN Technical Committees and/or EOTA Working Groups working on product standards with a view to achieving full compatibility of these technical specifications with the Eurocodes. The Eurocode standards provide common structural design rules for everyday use for the design of whole structures and component products of both a traditional and an innovative nature. Unusual forms of construction or design conditions are not specifically covered and additional expert consideration will be required by the designer in such cases. National Standards implementing Eurocodes The National Standards implementing Eurocodes will comprise the full text of the Eurocode (including any annexes), as published by CEN, which may be preceded by a National title page and National foreword, and may be followed by a National Annex. The National Annex may only contain information on those parameters which are left open in the Eurocode for national choice, known as Nationally Determined Parameters, to be used for the design of buildings and civil engineering works to be constructed in the country concerned, i.e. :
2) According to Art. 3.3 of the CPD, the essential requirements (ERs) shall be given concrete form in interpretative documents for the creation of the necessary links between the essential requirements and the mandates for harmonised ENs and ETAGs/ETAs. 3) According to Art. 12 of the CPD the interpretative documents shall : a) give concrete form to the essential requirements by harmonising the terminology and the technical bases and indicating classes or levels for each requirement where necessary ; b) indicate methods of correlating these classes or levels of requirement with the technical specifications, e.g. methods of calculation and of proof, technical rules for project design, etc. ; c) serve as a reference for the establishment of harmonised standards and guidelines for European technical approvals.
The Eurocodes, de facto, play a similar role in the field of the ER 1 and a part of ER 2.
EN 1993-4-1: 2007 (E)
- values and/or classes where alternatives are given in the Eurocode, - values to be used where a symbol only is given in the Eurocode, - country specific data (geographical, climatic, etc), e.g. snow map, - the procedure to be used where alternative procedures are given in the Eurocode. It may also contain:
decisions on the application of informative annexes, - references to non-contradictory complementary information to assist the user to apply the Eurocode. Links between Eurocodes and harmonised technical specifications (ENs and ETAs) for products There is a need for consistency between the harmonised technical specifications for construction products and the technical rules for works4). Furthermore, all the information accompanying the CE Marking of the construction products which refer to Eurocodes should clearly mention which Nationally Determined Parameters have been taken into account. Additional information specific to EN1993-4-1 EN 1993-4-1 gives design guidance for the structural design of silos. EN 1993-4-1 gives design rules that supplement the generic rules in the many parts of EN 1993-1. EN 1993-4-1 is intended for clients, designers, contractors and relevant authorities. EN 1993-4-1 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1990, with EN 1991-4, with the other Parts of EN 1991, with EN 1993-1-6 and EN 1993-4-2, with the other Parts of EN 1993, with EN 1992 and with the other Parts of EN 1994 to EN 1999 relevant to the design of silos.
Matters that are already covered in those documents are not repeated. Numerical values for partial factors and other reliability parameters are recommended as basic values that provide an acceptable level of reliability. They have been selected assuming that an appropriate level of workmanship and quality management applies. Safety factors for ‘product type’ silos (factory production) can be specified by the appropriate authorities.
When applied to ‘product type’ silos, the factors in 2.10 are for guidance purposes only.
They are provided to show the likely levels needed to achieve consistent reliability with other designs. National Annex for EN1993-4-1 This standard gives alternative procedures, values and recommendations for classes with notes indicating where national choices may have to be made. Therefore the National Standard implementing EN 1993-4-1 should have a National Annex containing all Nationally Determined Parameters to be used for the design of buildings and civil engineering works to be constructed in the relevant country. National choice is allowed in EN 1993-4-1 through:
2.2 (1)
- 2.2 (3)
4) see Art.3.3 and Art.12 of the CPD, as well as clauses 4.2, 4.3.1, 4.3.2 and 5.2 of ID 1.
EN 1993-4-1: 2007 (E)
- 2.9.2.2 (3) - 3.4 (1)
- 4.1.4 (2) and (4)
- 4.2.2.3 (6)
- 4.3.1 (6) and (8) - 5.3.2.3 (3)
- 5.3.2.4 (10), (12) and (15)
- 5.3.2.5 (10) and (14) - 5.3.2.6 (3) and (6) - 5.3.2.8 (2)
- 5.3.3.5 (1) and (2) - 5.3.4.3.2 (2)
- 5.3.4.3.3 (2) and (5) - 5.3.4.3.4 (5) - 5.3.4.5 (3)
- 5.4.4 (2), (3) and (4)
- 5.4.7 (3)
- 5.5.2 (3)
- 5.6.2 (1) and (2)
- 6.1.2 (4)
- 6.3.2.3 (2) and (4)
- 6.3.2.7 (3)
- 7.3.1 (4)
- 8.3.3 (4)
-
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