EN 1948-2:2006
(Main)Stationary source emissions - Determination of the mass concentration of PCDDs/PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs - Part 2: Extraction and clean-up of PCDDs/PCDFs
Stationary source emissions - Determination of the mass concentration of PCDDs/PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs - Part 2: Extraction and clean-up of PCDDs/PCDFs
This European Standard specifies the extraction and clean-up procedures of the sampled PCDDs/PCDFs. It is integral part of the complete measurement procedure. The use of the other two parts prEN 1948-1:2005 and prEN 1948-3:2005 describing sampling or identification and quantification, respectively, is necessary for the determination of the PCDDs/PCDFs.
This European Standard has been designed to measure PCDD/PCDF concentrations at about
0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 in stationary source emissions.
This European Standard specifies both method validation and a framework of quality control requirements which shall be fulfilled by any PCDD/PCDF extraction and clean-up methods to be applied. Some methods are described in detail in Annex A as examples of proven procedures.
Each of the three sampling methods (Part 1) can be combined with the extraction and clean-up (Part 2) and the identification and quantification (Part 3) to complete the measurement procedure.
During comparison measurements of the three sampling methods on municipal waste incinerators at the level of about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 these methods have been deemed comparable within the expected range of uncertainty. Validation trials were performed on the flue gas of municipal waste incinerators at the level of about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 and a dust loading of from 1 mg/m3 to 15 mg/m3. Although this European Standard is primarily developed and validated for gaseous streams emitted by waste incinerators, the practical experience shows that it can be applied for wide concentration ranges and various emission sources.
The procedure described in the three parts of prEN 1948:2005 specifies requirements which shall be met in order to measure the 17 congeners necessary to calculate the total I-TEQ (see Table A.1 of
prEN 1948-1:2005).
Besides the determination of PCDDs/PCDFs the described measurement methods are suitable for determination of other low-volatile substances, e.g. of dioxin-like PCBs (details for sampling and analyses se
Emissionen aus stationären Quellen - Bestimmung der Massenkonzentration von PCDD/PCDF und dioxin-ähnlichen PCB - Teil 2: Extraktion und Reinigung von PCDD/PCDF
Emissions de sources fixes - Détermination de la concentration massique en PCDD/PCDF et PCB de type dioxine - Partie 2: Extraction et purification des PCDD/PCDF
Cette partie de la norme spécifie les modes opératoires d'extraction et de purification des échantillons de PCDD/PCDF. Elle fait partie intégrante du mode opératoire complet de mesurage. L'utilisation des deux autres parties de la présente Norme (EN 1948-1:2003 et EN 1948-3:2003), décrivant d'une part le prélèvement et d'autre part l'identification et la quantification, est nécessaire pour déterminer les PCDD et les PCDF.
Cette norme a été élaborée pour mesurer des concentrations en PCDD/PCDF d'un niveau approximatif de 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 dans les émissions de sources fixes.
Cette norme spécifie à la fois les exigences de validation de la méthode et un ensemble d'exigences de contrôle qualité qui doivent être respectées dans toute méthode d'extraction et de purification des PCDD/PCDF utilisée. L'Annexe A présente quelques méthodes détaillées à titre d'exemples de modes opératoires validés.
Chacune des trois méthodes de prélèvement (Partie 1) peut être combinée avec les méthodes d'extraction et de purification (Partie 2) et d'identification et de quantification (Partie 3) afin de compléter le mode opératoire de mesurage.
À la suite de mesurages comparatifs effectués sur les fumées d'un incinérateur d'ordures ménagères à un niveau d'émission d'environ 0,1 ng l-TEQ/m3, ces trois méthodes ont été jugées comparables dans la plage d'incertitude attendue. Des essais de validation ont été effectués sur les fumées d'incinérateurs d'ordures ménagères à un niveau d'émission d'environ 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m3 et à une concentration en poussières allant de 1 mg/m3 à 15 mg/m3.
Emisije nepremičnih virov – Določevanje masne koncentracije PCDD/PCDF in dioksinu podobnih PCB – 2. del: Ekstrakcija in čiščenje PCDD/PCDF
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2006
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 1948-2:1999
(PLVLMHQHSUHPLþQLKYLURY±'RORþHYDQMHPDVQHNRQFHQWUDFLMH3&''3&')LQ
GLRNVLQXSRGREQLK3&%±GHO (NVWUDNFLMDLQþLãþHQMH3&''3&')
Stationary source emissions - Determination of the mass concentration of
PCDDs/PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs - Part 2: Extraction and clean-up of PCDDs/PCDFs
Emissionen aus stationären Quellen - Bestimmung der Massenkonzentration von
PCDD/PCDF und dioxin-ähnlichen PCB - Teil 2: Extraktion und Reinigung von
PCDD/PCDF
Emissions de sources fixes - Détermination de la concentration massique en
PCDD/PCDF et PCB de type dioxine - Partie 2: Extraction et purification des
PCDD/PCDF
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 1948-2:2006
ICS:
13.040.40 (PLVLMHQHSUHPLþQLKYLURY Stationary source emissions
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 1948-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2006
ICS 13.040.40 Supersedes EN 1948-2:1996
English Version
Stationary source emissions - Determination of the mass
concentration of PCDDs/PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs - Part 2:
Extraction and clean-up of PCDDs/PCDFs
Emissions de sources fixes - Détermination de la Emissionen aus stationären Quellen - Bestimmung der
concentration massique en PCDD/PCDF et PCB de type Massenkonzentration von PCDD/PCDF und dioxin-
dioxine - Partie 2: Extraction et purification de PCDD/PCDF ähnlichen PCB - Teil 2: Extraktion und Reinigung von
PCDD/PCDF
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 January 2006.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1948-2:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Introduction.6
1 Scope .7
2 Normative references .7
3 Terms and definitions.7
4 Symbols and abbreviations.10
5 Principle of the extraction and clean-up procedure.11
6 Device, materials and C -labelled standards .12
7 Method validation and quality control requirements .13
8 Sample pre-treatment and extraction.14
9 Report .16
Annex A (informative) Examples of operation of extraction and clean-up methods.17
Annex B (informative) Relations to EU Directives.35
Bibliography.36
Foreword
This European Standard (EN 1948-2:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air
quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by September 2006.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This European Standard supersedes EN 1948-2:1996.
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association to support Essential Requirements of EU Directive 94/67/EC of
16 December 1994 [i] on the incineration of hazardous waste. This directive is now replaced by EU Directive
2000/76/EC of 4 December 2000 on the incineration of waste [ii] and this European Standard also supports
the Essential Requirements of the new EU Directive 2000/76/EC (see also Annex B).
The precision and the performance characteristics were determined between 1992 and 1995 in four
comparative and validation trials at waste incinerators sponsored by the European Commission, the European
Free Trade Association and the German Federal Environment Agency.
The revision of this EN between 2001 and 2004 only refers to the normative part. The information given in the
informative annexes as examples of operation are kept unchanged, as they represent the state of the art at
time of the validation measurements of EN 1948:1996 between 1992 and 1995.
This European Standard EN 1948:2006 consists of three parts dealing with the determination of the mass
concentration of PCDDs and PCDFs in stationary source emissions:
Part 1: Sampling of PCDDs/PCDFs;
Part 2: Extraction and clean-up of PCDDs/PCDFs;
Part 3: Identification and quantification of PCDDs/PCDFs.
All three parts are necessary for the performance of the dioxin measurements.
In addition for the sampling, extraction and analyses of dioxin-like PCBs the Technical Specification
CEN/TS 1948-4 is developed and will be transferred to a European Standard after corresponding validation
measurements or after an approval time of three years respectively.
Important changes made in the revision of EN 1948-2:
1. Title: Broadening of the title with regard to the future EN 1948-4 for the determination of dioxin-like
PCBs
2. Foreword:
) To be published.
• Deletion of all precursor documents which were basis for elaboration of EN 1948 as well as the
names of the standardisation bodies involved in the elaboration of EN 1948
• Update of the hint regarding mandate of the standardisation project and regarding fulfilment of
the Essential Requirements of EU Directives 94/67/EC and 2000/76/EC
• Addition of a hint, that the revision only refers to the normative parts of the standard. The
Informative Annex A “Examples of operation” is kept unchanged and represents the state of the
art at time of the validation measurements of EN 1948:1996 between 1992 and 1995
• Addition of hint with regard to the future document EN 1948-4 dealing with the analyses of dioxin-
like PCBs
3. Scope:
• Addition of a hint, that EN 1948 can be applied for wide concentration ranges and various
emission sources
• Addition of a hint, that the described measurement methods are suitable for determination of
other low-volatile substances, e.g. of dioxin-like PCBs
4. Normative references:
• Update of the references to EN 1948-1:2006, EN 1948-3:2006
5. Clause 3 Terms and definitions:
• Distinction between Clause 3 "Terms and definitions" and Clause 4 "Symbols and abbreviations"
resulting in a different numbering of the following chapters
• Corrected definition of "field blank" for clarification
• Corrected definition of "analytical blank" for clarification
• Corrected definition of "sampling standard": only furans
• "Syringe standard" renamed to read "recovery standard"
• Corrected definition of "recovery standard": only dioxins
• Additional definition of "dioxin-like PCBs"
• "Sampling volume" renamed to read "volume of the sampling extract"
• Corrected definition and requirement of isokinetic sampling according to EN 13284-1:2001
• Additional definition and calculation of limit of detection
• Additional definition and calculation of limit of quantification
• Additional definition of WHO-TEF/WHO-TEQ
6. Clause 5 Principle of the extraction and clean-up procedure: Additional subclause 5.2 "Minimum
information prior to analyses"
7. Clause 7.2 Sample pre-treatment: Correction of the requirements regarding sample pre-treatment
for better comprehensibility
8. Clause 8.1 Addition of extraction standards: Correction for better comprehensibility
9. Clause 8.2 Sample storage: Requirement to store the samples < 4 °C was deleted and replaced by
"in the dark not higher than room temperature (approximately 25 °C)."
10. Clause 8.3 Extraction: Requirement to carry out principally a sample pre-treatment with HCL was
placed at first position.
11. Correction of title "Check of adsorbent activity"
Annex A.2.1.4.4:
12. Annex A.4.3: Correction: the dioxin-like (not the planar) PCB are separated from PCDD/F
13. Figure A.4 Caption: Correction: dioxin-like PCB (not planar PCB) are adsorbed
14. Annex B: Update of the hint regarding mandate of the standardisation project and regarding fulfilment
of basic requirements of EU Directives 94/67/EC and 2000/76/EC
15. Bibliography: Update
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
Two groups of related chlorinated aromatic ethers are known as polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and
polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs); they consist of a total of 210 individual substances (congeners):
75 PCDDs and 135 PCDFs.
PCDDs and PCDFs can form in the combustion of organic materials; they also may occur as undesirable by-
products in the manufacture or further processing of chlorinated organic chemicals. PCDDs/PCDFs enter the
environment via these emission paths and through the use of contaminated materials. In fact, they are
universally present in very small concentrations. The 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted congeners are toxicologically
significant. Toxicologically much less significant than the tetrachlorinated to octachlorinated
dibenzodioxins/dibenzofurans are the 74 monochlorinated to trichlorinated dibenzodioxins/dibenzofurans (for
toxicity equivalent factors, see Annex A of EN 1948-1:2006).
Only skilled operators who are trained in handling highly toxic compounds should apply the method described
in this European Standard.
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies the extraction and clean-up procedures of the sampled PCDDs/PCDFs. It is
an integral part of the complete measurement procedure. The use of the other two parts EN 1948-1:2006 and
EN 1948-3:2006 describing sampling or identification and quantification, respectively, is necessary for the
determination of the PCDDs/PCDFs.
This European Standard has been designed to measure PCDD/PCDF concentrations at about
0,1 ng I-TEQ/m in stationary source emissions.
This European Standard specifies both method validation and a framework of quality control requirements
which shall be fulfilled by any PCDD/PCDF extraction and clean-up methods to be applied. Some methods
are described in detail in Annex A as examples of proven procedures.
Each of the three sampling methods (Part 1) can be combined with the extraction and clean-up (Part 2) and
the identification and quantification (Part 3) to complete the measurement procedure.
During comparison measurements of the three sampling methods on municipal waste incinerators at the level
of about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m these methods have been deemed comparable within the expected range of
uncertainty. Validation trials were performed on the flue gas of municipal waste incinerators at the level of
3 3 3
about 0,1 ng I-TEQ/m and a dust loading of from 1 mg/m to 15 mg/m . Although this European Standard is
primarily developed and validated for gaseous streams emitted by waste incinerators, the practical experience
shows that it can be applied for wide concentration ranges and various emission sources.
The procedure described in the three parts of EN 1948:2006 specifies requirements which shall be met in
order to measure the 17 congeners necessary to calculate the total I-TEQ (see Table A.1 of
EN 1948-1:2006).
Besides the determination of PCDDs/PCDFs the described measurement methods are suitable for
determination of other low-volatile substances, e.g. of dioxin-like PCBs (de
...
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