EN ISO 8611-1:2012
(Main)Pallets for materials handling - Flat pallets - Part 1: Test methods (ISO 8611-1:2011)
Pallets for materials handling - Flat pallets - Part 1: Test methods (ISO 8611-1:2011)
ISO 8611-1:2011 specifies the test methods available for evaluating new flat pallets for materials handling.
The test methods are split into groups for nominal load testing, maximum working load testing and durability comparison testing.
It is not intended to apply to pallets with a fixed superstructure or a rigid, self-supporting container that can be mechanically attached to the pallet and which contributes to the strength of the pallet.
Paletten für den Gütertransport - Flachpaletten - Teil 1: Prüfverfahren (ISO 8611-1:2011)
Dieser Teil von ISO 8611 legt die zur Verfügung stehenden Prüfverfahren für die Bewertung neuer Flachpaletten für den Gütertransport fest.
Die Prüfverfahren sind in folgende Gruppen unterteilt:
- Bestimmung der Nennlast;
- Bestimmung der maximalen Nutzlast;
- Vergleichende Prüfungen zur Belastbarkeit.
Dieser Teil von ISO 8611 gilt weder für Paletten mit festen Aufbauten noch für formstabile, selbsttragende Behälter, die mechanisch an den Paletten befestigt werden können und zur Festigkeit der Paletten beitragen.
ANMERKUNG Spezifische Prüfungen zur Bestimmung der Tragfähigkeit ersetzen nicht den Wert von Feldversuchen an speziellen Palettenausführungen.
Palettes pour la manutention - Palettes plates - Partie 1: Méthodes d'essai (ISO 8611-1:2011)
L'ISO 8611-1:2011 spécifie les méthodes d'essai disponibles pour l'évaluation de palettes plates neuves pour la manutention.
Les méthodes d'essai sont réparties en groupes selon les essais de la charge nominale, les essais de la charge maximale en service et les essais comparatifs en termes de durabilité.
Elle ne s'étend pas aux palettes à superstructure fixe ou à conteneur autoportant rigide pouvant être fixés mécaniquement à la palette et contribuant à sa résistance.
Palete za ravnanje z materiali - Ravne palete - 1. del: Preskusne metode (ISO 8611-1:2011)
Ta del standarda ISO 8611 navaja preskusne metode, ki so na voljo za ocenjevanje novih ravnih palet za ravnanje z materiali. Preskusne metode so razdeljene v skupine za: – preskušanje nazivne obremenitve; – preskušanje največje delovne obremenitve; – preskušanje primerjave trajnosti. Ni namenjen za palete s fiksno nadgradnjo ali za trdne, samonosilne posode, ki se lahko mehanično pritrdijo na paleto in pripomorejo k trdnosti palete.
General Information
Relations
Frequently Asked Questions
EN ISO 8611-1:2012 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Pallets for materials handling - Flat pallets - Part 1: Test methods (ISO 8611-1:2011)". This standard covers: ISO 8611-1:2011 specifies the test methods available for evaluating new flat pallets for materials handling. The test methods are split into groups for nominal load testing, maximum working load testing and durability comparison testing. It is not intended to apply to pallets with a fixed superstructure or a rigid, self-supporting container that can be mechanically attached to the pallet and which contributes to the strength of the pallet.
ISO 8611-1:2011 specifies the test methods available for evaluating new flat pallets for materials handling. The test methods are split into groups for nominal load testing, maximum working load testing and durability comparison testing. It is not intended to apply to pallets with a fixed superstructure or a rigid, self-supporting container that can be mechanically attached to the pallet and which contributes to the strength of the pallet.
EN ISO 8611-1:2012 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 55.180.20 - General purpose pallets. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN ISO 8611-1:2012 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN ISO 8611-1:2004, EN ISO 8611-1:2022. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
You can purchase EN ISO 8611-1:2012 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of CEN standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2013
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 8611-1:2004
Palete za ravnanje z materiali - Ravne palete - 1. del: Preskusne metode (ISO 8611-
1:2011)
Pallets for materials handling - Flat pallets - Part 1: Test methods (ISO 8611-1:2011)
Paletten für den Gütertransport - Flachpaletten - Teil 1: Prüfverfahren (ISO 8611-1:2011)
Palettes pour la manutention - Palettes plates - Partie 1: Méthodes d'essai (ISO 8611-
1:2011)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 8611-1:2012
ICS:
55.180.20 9HþQDPHQVNHSDOHWH General purpose pallets
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 8611-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2012
ICS 55.180.20 Supersedes EN ISO 8611-1:2004
English Version
Pallets for materials handling - Flat pallets - Part 1: Test
methods (ISO 8611-1:2011)
Palettes pour la manutention - Palettes plates - Partie 1: Paletten für den Gütertransport - Flachpaletten - Teil 1:
Méthodes d'essai (ISO 8611-1:2011) Prüfverfahren (ISO 8611-1:2011)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 July 2012.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 8611-1:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Foreword
The text of ISO 8611-1:2011 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 51 “Pallets for unit load
methods of materials handling” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken
over as EN ISO 8611-1:2012 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 261 “Packaging” the secretariat of which is
held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by February 2013.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 8611-1:2004.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 8611-1:2011 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 8611-1:2012 without any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 8611-1
Second edition
2011-05-15
Pallets for materials handling —
Flat pallets —
Part 1:
Test methods
Palettes pour la manutention — Palettes plates —
Partie 1: Méthodes d'essai
Reference number
ISO 8611-1:2011(E)
©
ISO 2011
ISO 8611-1:2011(E)
© ISO 2011
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
ISO 8611-1:2011(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 Measurements .3
5 Precision and accuracy of tests and apparatus.4
6 Test load.4
7 List of tests .4
8 Tests .4
8.1 Test 1 — Bending tests.4
8.2 Test 2 — Forklifting tests.7
8.3 Test 3 — Compression tests for blocks or stringers.9
8.4 Test 4 — Stacking test .11
8.5 Test 5 — Bottom deck bending tests .12
8.6 Test 6 — Wing pallet bending tests.14
8.7 Test 7 — Airbag bending tests.16
8.8 Test 8 — Static shear test.18
8.9 Test 9 — Corner drop test .19
8.10 Test 10 — Shear impact tests .20
8.11 Test 11 — Top deck edge impact test .22
8.12 Test 12 — Block impact test.24
8.13 Test 13 — Static coefficient of friction test.26
8.14 Test 14 — Slip angle test .26
9 Test report.27
9.1 General information — All materials .27
9.2 Information for wooden and wood-based composite pallets .28
9.3 Information for plastics pallets .28
9.4 Information for pallets made of other materials.28
Bibliography.29
ISO 8611-1:2011(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 8611-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 51, Pallets for unit load method of materials
handling.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 8611-1:2004), which has been technically
revised.
ISO 8611 consists of the following parts, under the general title Pallets for materials handling — Flat pallets:
⎯ Part 1: Test methods
⎯ Part 2: Performance requirements and selection of tests
⎯ Part 3: Maximum working loads
iv © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
ISO 8611-1:2011(E)
Introduction
The forces to which pallets are exposed during use vary significantly. The test procedures described in this
part of ISO 8611 are approximate simulations of pallet use. These tests help the pallet designer to establish
an initial acceptable balance between the cost and the performance of a pallet design. It is intended that all
results of tests performed using this protocol be confirmed and verified using field trials before publication of
performance or the commercial implementation of a new pallet design.
The nominal load, determined according to this test protocol, does not represent a payload and cannot be
verified using field trials. The nominal load is a minimum payload level for use in determining maximum
working load according to the procedures in ISO 8611-3. The maximum working load can be verified for a
specified payload and intended use, using field trials. It is intended that the publication of the maximum
working load include a description of the payload and the intended modes of use of the pallet.
It is essential to exercise care when comparing the results of tests with historic experience using existing
pallet designs. User expectations of pallet performance vary. Some require greater and some accept lower
levels of performance. Users are accepting different levels of risk when using pallets. Because of the varied
performance expectations of pallet users, the results of tests might not always reflect the user's perception of
pallet performance in use.
The nominal load might not reflect users' perception of pallet performance because the nominal load does not
represent a payload. It is intended that maximum working loads be used to compare with the historic
performance of existing pallet designs.
Regarding the use of the ISO 8611 series,
⎯ this part of ISO 8611 describes the test methods,
⎯ ISO 8611-2 describes the performance requirements and selection of tests, and
⎯ ISO 8611-3 describes tests for determining maximum working loads for known payloads.
This part of ISO 8611 and ISO 8611-2 are required for determining nominal load. The nominal load is the
lowest safe load value for the specified support conditions, independent of the type of load (excluding
concentrated loads).
This part of ISO 8611, ISO 8611-2 and ISO 8611-3 are required for determining maximum working loads for
known payloads.
The nominal load for the intended use is established by the selection of tests in this part of ISO 8611 and the
performance requirement is established from criteria in ISO 8611-2.
The following three types of intended use with specified support conditions are defined:
⎯ handling of loaded pallets with racking and stacking;
⎯ handling of loaded pallets without racking;
⎯ handling of loaded pallets without racking or stacking.
To determine the maximum working load through testing given in ISO 8611-3, the deflection under the known
payload cannot exceed the limiting deflection (see 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4 of ISO 8611-3:2011) established in this
part of ISO 8611 and ISO 8611-2. The maximum working load is the greatest payload that a pallet can be
permitted to carry in a specific loading and support condition.
ISO 8611-1:2011(E)
Guidance is given in Annex A of ISO 8611-3:2011 as to the general effect on performance of different load
types and stabilization methods. These can only give guidance as to the likely result from tests with the known
payload.
Other tests for durability evaluation are specified in this part of ISO 8611.
vi © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8611-1:2011(E)
Pallets for materials handling — Flat pallets —
Part 1:
Test methods
1 Scope
This part of ISO 8611 specifies the test methods available for evaluating new flat pallets for materials handling.
The test methods are split into groups for:
⎯ nominal load testing;
⎯ maximum working load testing;
⎯ durability comparison testing.
It is not intended to apply to pallets with a fixed superstructure or a rigid, self-supporting container that can be
mechanically attached to the pallet and which contributes to the strength of the pallet.
NOTE Specific tests for determining load capacity do not replace the value of conducting field tests on specific pallet
designs.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 445, Pallets for materials handling — Vocabulary
ISO 2244, Packaging — Complete, filled transport packages and unit loads — Horizontal impact tests
ISO 8611-2, Pallets for materials handling — Flat pallets — Part 2: Performance requirements and selection
of tests
ISO 12777-1, Methods of test for pallet joints — Part 1: Determination of bending resistance of pallet nails,
other dowel-type fasteners and staples
EN 13183-2, Moisture content of a piece of sawn timber — Part 2: Estimation by electrical resistance method
ISO 8611-1:2011(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 445 and the following apply.
3.1
breaking of one component
fracture of a structural element which significantly affects the strength, stiffness or functionality of a pallet
3.2
concentrated load
load concentrated over an area of less than 50 % of the pallet top deck
[ISO 445:2008, definition 2.3]
3.3
maximum working load
greatest payload that a pallet is permitted to carry in a specific loading and support condition
NOTE 1 This varies according to the type, distribution, arrangement and means of stabilization of the load and the
system of support, and can be lower or higher than the nominal load (see ISO 8611-2 and ISO 8611-3).
NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 445:2008, definition 2.7.
3.4
nominal load
R
lowest safe load value for the specified support conditions, independent of the type of load (excluding
concentrated loads)
NOTE 1 “Specified support conditions” refers to the range of conditions of use in 7.1 of ISO 8611-2:2011.
NOTE 2 Nominal load does not represent an actual payload on a pallet in use. The nominal load is used for comparing
the performance of different pallets.
NOTE 3 Adapted from ISO 445:2008, definition 2.2.
3.5
payload
Q
load carried by the pallet in use
[ISO 445:2008, definition 2.8]
NOTE This can be above, identical to or below the nominal load.
3.6
platen
solid, rigid surface on a test machine used for applying a load to test a sample pallet
3.7
racking
storage of unit loads in drive-in or beam racks with free, unsupported spans
[ISO 445:2008, definition A.3.1]
3.8
safety factor
ratio of the ultimate load to the nominal load
NOTE In ISO 8611 (all parts), this ratio is at least 2,0.
2 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
ISO 8611-1:2011(E)
3.9
solid load
single, compact, rigid, homogeneous load, supported by all the blocks and/or stringers (bearers) of the pallet
NOTE Adapted from ISO 445:2008, definition 2.6.
3.10
stacking
placing of pallets with unit loads one upon the other without recourse to intermediate shelves or racking
NOTE Adapted from ISO 445:2008, definition A.2.1.
3.11
stiffness
relative deformation of a pallet or component under load
NOTE High stiffness means small displacement, deflection or deformation for a given load.
3.12
test load
P
load applicators, the load board or load box and the applied load itself
3.13
ultimate load
U
load at which compression, displacement or deflection is no longer contained, resulting in the destruction of
the specimen or breaking of one component, or when displacement, deformation or deflection becomes
excessive
NOTE See Table 1 of ISO 8611-2:2011.
3.14
uniformly distributed bonded load
load spread evenly across the full surface of the pallet top deck, where the pattern of each single layer
changes, so that the packages are interlocked
3.15
uniformly distributed unbonded load
load spread evenly across the full surface of the pallet top deck where the packages are not interlocked,
bound or connected
4 Measurements
Pallets selected for testing shall be measured to ensure that materials, construction and dimensions conform
to their associated written specification.
The mass and the material of each pallet shall be determined and recorded at the time of testing.
The moisture content of wooden pallets shall be measured and recorded in accordance with EN 13183-2 at
the time of testing.
Clause 9 gives further details on what should be recorded during testing and in the written report.
ISO 8611-1:2011(E)
5 Precision and accuracy of tests and apparatus
Test apparatus shall satisfy the following requirements.
a) In the design of the test equipment, the tolerances on all dimensions shall be ±2 %.
b) The accuracy of measuring equipment for tests shall be ±0,5 mm.
c) The accuracy of positioning of every component, excluding the test load, shall be ±2 mm; measurement
gauges shall be positioned to ±4 mm.
d) The accuracy of positioning of the centre of application of test load (where used) shall be ±10 mm.
e) The total mass of the test load applied shall be within ±3 % of the prescribed value.
No part of any test rig shall distort an amount greater than ±3 mm when under maximum test load. Distortion
of the test rig shall be taken into account in measuring deflections of the pallet.
NOTE 1 Using heavy duty steel box sections in the construction of fixtures in tests 1 and 6 (see Table 1) normally
results in central distortions approaching the 3 mm given limit.
The inclined plane apparatus shall be constructed as specified in ISO 2244 and shall permit inclined travel
distance to change by 250 mm increments from 250 mm to 1 250 mm, each increment to within ±5 mm.
NOTE 2 Experience suggests that the interlaboratory test precision for conducting tests 1a and 7a is 16,7 %; and
19,8 % when conducting tests 1b and 7b.
6 Test load
A general value for the test load is not fixed. The test load for each test shall be determined in accordance
with ISO 8611-2.
The test load shall be applied with a testing machine, hydraulic or air pressure, or with dead load and shall
increase continuously or in steps to the failure (for determination of ultimate load) or up to the fixed value (for
qualification tests).
7 List of tests
Table 1 provides a matrix of the tests (in this part of ISO 8611) that shall be performed on flat pallets. Tests
numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 shall be performed with new pallets.
NOTE 1 Tests 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7 can be carried out on one test sample (first stiffness, then strength, when there is a
declared nominal load) or on two separate samples.
NOTE 2 The tests are grouped into the three sections shown in Table 1. The selection of tests and evaluation of pallet
performance are set out in ISO 8611-2 and ISO 8611-3.
8 Tests
8.1 Test 1 — Bending tests
8.1.1 Purpose
The purpose of these tests is to determine the bending strength (test 1a) and bending stiffness (test 1b) of the
pallet in racking situations.
4 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
ISO 8611-1:2011(E)
Table 1 — List of tests
Handling activity or purpose (Sub)clause
Test no. Test measurement Characteristic
of the test ref.
Nominal load tests 8
1 Bending tests 8.1
Pallet length, width Racking
1a Bending strength 8.1.3.1
1b Bending stiffness 8.1.3.2
2 Forklifting tests 8.2
Lifting with forklift and pallet
2a Bending strength Top deck 8.2.3.1
trucks
2b Bending stiffness 8.2.3.2
3 Compression tests for blocks
8.3
Any activity that compresses
or stringers
Height of blocks,
blocks or stringers, including
stringers
3a Block or stringer strength 8.3.3.1
stacking
3b Block or stringer stiffness 8.3.3.2
4 Stacking tests 8.4
4a Deck strength test Top and bottom deck Stacking 8.4.3.1
4b Deck stiffness test 8.4.3.2
5 Bottom deck bending tests 8.5
Bottom deck Twin track conveyors
5a Bending strength 8.5.3.1
5b Bending stiffness 8.5.3.2
6 Wing pallet bending tests 8.6
Pallet length, width Lifting with slings
6a Bending strength 8.6.3.1
6b Bending stiffness 8.6.3.2
Maximum working load tests — With payload or airbag
1 Bending test 8.1
Pallet length, width Racking
1b Bending stiffness 8.1.3.2
7 Airbag bending tests 8.7
Pallet length, width Racking
7a Bending strength 8.7.3.1
7b Bending stiffness 8.7.3.2
2 Forklifting tests 8.2
Lifting with forklift and pallet
Top deck
trucks
2b Bending stiffness 8.2.3.2
4 Stacking tests 8.4
Top and bottom deck Stacking
4b Deck stiffness test 8.4.3.2
5 Bottom deck bending tests Twin track 8.5
Bottom deck
Conveyors and narrow span
5b Bending stiffness 8.5.3.2
beam racking
6 Wing pallet bending tests 8.6
Pallet length, width Lifting with slings
6b Bending stiffness 8.6.3.2
Durability tests
8 Static shear test Decks, blocks, stringers Distortion resistance 8.8
9 Corner drop test Diagonal rigidity Resistance to impacts 8.9
10 Shear impact test Decks, blocks, stringers Distortion resistance 8.10
11 Top deck edge impact test Top leading deckboard Resistance to fork arms 8.11
12 Block impact test Corner block, stringer Resistance to fork tip 8.12
13 Static coefficient of friction test Under deck/fork arms Slip resistance on fork arms 8.13
14 Slip angle test Top deck/payload Slip resistance of loads 8.14
ISO 8611-1:2011(E)
8.1.2 Procedure
8.1.2.1 In order to establish the weakest pallet support dimension, test one pallet across the length of the
pallet and then a second pallet across the width of the pallet. There is no requirement for further tests on the
stronger dimension unless the result is within 15 % of the weaker.
8.1.2.2 This having been established, place a fresh pallet across its weakest side, top deck uppermost,
on pallet supports positioned with their inside edges 75 mm from the outer edges of the pallet. The load
applicators shall be positioned at 0,18 L or 0,18 L , where measured as shown, where L or L is the
1 2 1 2
distance between the pallet supports (see Figure 1).
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 test load
2 load board
3 safety stop
4 load applicator
5 support
6 wing
y deflection
Figure 1 — Bending test
8.1.2.3 Load applicators and supports shall be flush with or project beyond the edges of the pallet. Edges
shall be relieved with (2 ± 1) mm radii. Where load applicators coincide with gaps between deckboards, in-fill
pieces of equal thickness to deckboards with 3 mm to 6 mm overall clearance on each shall be used. Place on
the pallet deck, the load applicators and the load board, then apply the rest of the test load.
6 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
ISO 8611-1:2011(E)
8.1.3 Measurements
8.1.3.1 Test 1a — Determination of bending strength
Place a load on the load board until breakage of one of the components of the pallet or until reaching an
excessive deflection or deformation. Record the ultimate load.
8.1.3.2 Test 1b — Determination of bending stiffness
Apply a datum load of (1,5 ± 0,5) % of the ultimate load determined in test 1a. Depending on the support
location, the deflection, y, shall be measured at points A [maximum of y at A (B ), A (B )A B ]:
1 1 2 2 3 3
a) after positioning of datum load;
b) immediately after full test load is applied;
c) at end of the full test load period;
d) after the relaxation period.
8.2 Test 2 — Forklifting tests
8.2.1 Purpose
The limiting condition of use for non-rackable and non-stackable single or double-deck pallets is the bending
of the pallet on fork arm supports under the top deck of the pallet.
8.2.2 Procedure
The forklifting test is shown schematically in Figure 2. The test method permits simulation of the forklifting
condition of use in each direction of pallet length and width. The supports shall conform to Figure 2. The
support distances may be either 570 mm or 690 mm (see Figure 2, footnote a). The shorter of the two
distances that occur during pallet use shall be used in the test. For pallets greater than 1 219 mm in length or
width, footnote a of Figure 2 may be adjusted according to the dimensions of the pallet.
Perform the test in both directions.
ISO 8611-1:2011(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 test load
2 load applicator
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The standard EN ISO 8611-1:2012 provides a comprehensive framework for assessing the performance of flat pallets used in materials handling. Its primary focus is on specifying the test methods required to evaluate new flat pallets, which is crucial for ensuring safety, reliability, and efficiency in material handling processes. One of the notable strengths of this standard is the detailed classification of test methods into distinct groups: nominal load testing, maximum working load testing, and durability comparison testing. This structured approach enables manufacturers and users to clearly understand the requirements and apply them effectively in their operations. By segmenting the testing procedures, the standard promotes thorough evaluations that enhance the longevity and reliability of flat pallets. The relevance of EN ISO 8611-1:2012 extends beyond manufacturers to encompass a wide range of stakeholders within the logistics and materials handling industry. As businesses increasingly prioritize safety and efficiency, adherence to this standard assists in meeting regulatory requirements and customer expectations. Furthermore, by providing clear guidelines on testing methods, this standard fosters continuous improvement in pallet design and manufacturing processes. Importantly, it clarifies the limitations of its application, explicitly stating that it does not pertain to pallets with fixed superstructures or rigid, self-supporting containers that may increase the pallet's strength. This specificity ensures that users understand the contexts in which the standard is applicable, thereby preventing misinterpretations and promoting compliance. In summary, EN ISO 8611-1:2012 stands out as a vital standard in the industry, offering a robust set of test methods that not only enhance the performance assessment of flat pallets but also ensure that these essential tools for materials handling meet the rigorous demands of modern logistical operations. Its well-defined scope, clear testing categories, and relevance to various stakeholders reaffirm its importance in the field.
EN ISO 8611-1:2012は、材料ハンドリング用のフラットパレットのテスト方法を規定する標準であり、その重要な役割を果たしています。この標準の範囲は、新しいフラットパレットの評価に関する様々なテスト方法を提供することにあります。具体的には、名目荷重試験、最大作業荷重試験、耐久性比較試験のためのテスト方法がグループ分けされています。 この標準の強みは、パレットの性能を評価するために必要な具体的かつ体系的なアプローチを提供する点にあります。これにより、製造業者やユーザーは、フラットパレットが適切に機能し、安全に使用できることを確認できます。また、標準はパレットに固定された上構造や剛性の自己支持コンテナーに適用されないため、評価が明確で一貫性があることが確保されています。これによって、特定の用途に適したパレットの選択が容易となります。 EN ISO 8611-1:2012の relevance（関連性）は、材料ハンドリングの効率と安全性を向上させることにあります。グローバルな物流や供給チェーンの運用において、パレットの品質と性能は極めて重要であり、この標準に従うことで、企業はより高い業務効率を実現できます。標準化されたテスト方法を採用することで、パレットの信頼性と耐久性を保証し、顧客満足度の向上にも寄与します。
Die Norm EN ISO 8611-1:2012 beschreibt umfassend die Prüfmethoden zur Bewertung neuer flacher Paletten für den Materialtransport. Der Anwendungsbereich dieser Norm ist klar definiert und konzentriert sich auf drei wesentliche Testkategorien: die Prüfung der Nennlast, die Prüfung der maximalen Betriebsbelastung und den Vergleich von Haltbarkeitstests. Diese strukturierte Aufteilung der Prüfmethoden ist ein wesentlicher Vorteil, da sie eine gezielte und effektive Analyse der Palettenleistung ermöglicht. Ein weiterer Stärke der EN ISO 8611-1:2012 ist die spezifische Ausgrenzung von Paletten mit fixierter Aufbauten oder starren, selbsttragenden Behältern. Diese Präzisierung verdeutlicht, dass die Norm exclusiv für flache Paletten gilt, die unter Standardbedingungen getestet werden. Dies erhöht die Relevanz der Norm für Hersteller und Nutzer, da sie klare und anwendbare Richtlinien zur Qualitätssicherung von Paletten liefert. In der heutigen Logistik- und Fertigungsbranche ist die Anwendung von standardisierten Testmethoden von entscheidender Bedeutung. Die EN ISO 8611-1:2012 gewährleistet, dass die getesteten flachen Paletten den industriellen Anforderungen entsprechen und somit eine sichere Handhabung und Transport ermöglichen. Der Sicherheit und Effizienz im Materialhandling wird durch die Einhaltung dieser Norm Rechnung getragen, was sie zu einem wichtigen Bestandteil der Qualitätsstandards im Bereich der Palettenherstellung macht.
SIST EN ISO 8611-1:2013 문서는 재료 취급을 위한 평형 팔레트를 평가하기 위해 사용되는 테스트 방법을 자세히 규명하고 있습니다. 이 표준은 신제품 평형 팔레트의 성능을 신뢰할 수 있게 평가할 수 있는 다양한 테스트 방법을 제공합니다. 테스트 방법은 명목 하중 테스트, 최대 작업 하중 테스트 및 내구성 비교 테스트 등 여러 그룹으로 나뉘어 있습니다. 이 표준의 강점 중 하나는 팔레트의 강도와 내구성을 종합적으로 평가할 수 있는 다양한 테스트를 포함한다는 점입니다. 명목 하중 테스트는 팔레트가 설계된 하중을 견딜 수 있는지를 평가하는 데 중점을 두고 있으며, 최대 작업 하중 테스트는 실제 운반 조건에서의 하중 지지 능력을 확인합니다. 또한 내구성 비교 테스트는 시간 경과에 따른 팔레트의 성능 변화와 신뢰성을 분석합니다. SIST EN ISO 8611-1:2013는 고정된 구조물이나 기계적으로 팔레트에 부착할 수 있는 경직된 자가 지지 용기를 포함하지 않는 규정을 명확히 하고 있으며, 이는 팔레트의 설계와 사용 용도를 명확히 구분해 줄 수 있습니다. 따라서 이 표준은 재료 취급 산업에 있어 매우 중요한 역할을 하며, 팔레트의 품질 관리를 위한 신뢰할 수 있는 기준으로 자리잡고 있습니다. 이 문서의 적용 범위는 팔레트 성능 평가뿐만 아니라, 향후 팔레트 설계 및 개선에 대한 기초 자료로도 활용될 수 있습니다.
La norme EN ISO 8611-1:2012, qui traite des méthodes d'essai pour les palettes plates destinées à la manutention des matériaux, se distingue par son approche systématique et exhaustive des tests à réaliser. Son champ d'application couvre spécifiquement les méthodes d'évaluation des nouvelles palettes plates, garantissant que ces dernières répondent aux exigences essentielles de performance et de sécurité dans le milieu professionnel. Les forces de cette norme résident dans la classification rigoureuse des méthodes d'essai, regroupées en trois catégories principales : les tests de charge nominale, les tests de charge de travail maximale et les tests de comparaison de durabilité. Cette structuration permet aux fabricants et utilisateurs de mettre en œuvre des processus de test appropriés et standardisés, facilitant ainsi une compréhension claire des capacités et des limitations des palettes. La pertinence de la norme EN ISO 8611-1:2012 s'étend au-delà des aspects techniques, en répondant efficacement aux besoins croissants du secteur de la logistique et de la manutention. En fournissant des méthodes d'essai fiables, cette norme contribue à l'optimisation des opérations de transport et de stockage, tout en assurant la sécurité des employés et l'intégrité des marchandises. De plus, en excluant les palettes à superstructure fixe ou les conteneurs rigides attachés, elle concentre ses critères sur les palettes autonomes, ce qui reflète la réalité du marché actuel. En somme, la norme SIST EN ISO 8611-1:2013 représente un cadre essentiel pour l'évaluation des palettes plates, alliant précision des méthodes d'essai et pertinence dans le contexte des exigences de manutention modernes.
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