CEN/TS 14997:2006
(Main)Characterization of waste - Leaching behaviour tests - Influence of pH on leaching with continuous pH-control
Characterization of waste - Leaching behaviour tests - Influence of pH on leaching with continuous pH-control
This document specifies a test method for the determination of the influence of pH on the leachability of inorganic constituents from a waste material. Equilibrium condition as defined in the document is established by continuous adjustment of the pH by addition of acid or base to reach desired pH values. This test method produces eluates, which are subsequently characterized physically and chemically.
This document is a parameter specific test as specified in EN 12920. The application of this test method alone is not sufficient for the determination of the detailed leaching behaviour of a waste under specified conditions.
NOTE This generally requires the application of several test methods, behavioural modelling and model validation as specified in EN 12920.
Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Untersuchung des Auslaugungsverhaltens - Einfluss des pH-Wertes auf die Auslaugung bei kontinuierlicher pH-Wert-Kontrolle
Dieses Dokument legt ein Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung des Einflusses des pH Wertes auf die Auslaug¬barkeit von anorganischen Bestandteilen aus einem Abfall fest. Der Gleichgewichts¬zustand, wie er in diesem Dokument definiert ist, wird durch kontinuierliche Einstellung des pH-Wertes durch Zugabe von Säure oder Base hergestellt, um die gewünschten endgültigen pH Werte zu er¬reichen. Dieses Prüfverfahren führt zu Eluaten, die anschließend physikalisch und chemisch charakterisiert werden.
Dieses Dokument beinhaltet eine parameterspezifische Prüfung, wie in EN 12920 festgelegt. Die Anwen¬dung nur dieses Prüfverfahrens ist für die Bestimmung des genauen Auslaugungsverhaltens eines Abfalls unter festgelegten Bedingungen nicht ausreichend.
ANMERKUNG Das erfordert im Allgemeinen die Anwendung mehrerer Prüfverfahren, die Verhaltensmodellierung und Validierung von Modellen, wie in EN 12920 festgelegt.
Caractérisation des déchets - Essais de comportement à la lixiviation - Influence du pH sur la lixiviation avec contrôle continu du pH
Le présent document s’applique à la détermination de l’influence du pH sur la lixiviabilité des constituants inorganiques provenant de déchets. L’état d’équilibre tel que défini dans le document s’obtient par un ajustement permanent du pH en ajoutant un acide ou une base pour atteindre les valeurs de pH souhaitées. Cette méthode d’essai produit des éluats qui sont ensuite caractérisés du point de vue physico-chimique.
Le présent document est un essai paramétrique, tel que spécifié dans l’EN 12920. Cette méthode d’essai n’est pas suffisante, à elle seule, pour la détermination en détail du comportement à la lixiviation d’un déchet dans des conditions spécifiées.
NOTE En règle générale, ceci nécessite l’application de plusieurs méthodes d’essai, une modélisation du comportement, ainsi qu’une validation des modèles, comme spécifié dans l’EN 12920.
Karakterizacija odpadkov - Izluževalni preskusi - Vpliv pH na izluževanje z uravnavanjem pH
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-2007
Karakterizacija odpadkov - Izluževalni preskusi - Vpliv pH na izluževanje z
uravnavanjem pH
Characterization of waste - Leaching behaviour tests - Influence of pH on leaching with
continuous pH-control
Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Untersuchung des Auslaugungsverhaltens - Einfluss
des pH-Wertes auf die Auslaugung bei kontinuierlicher pH-Wert-Kontrolle
Caractérisation des déchets - Essais de comportement a la lixiviation - Influence du pH
sur la lixiviation avec contrôle continu du pH
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 14997:2006
ICS:
13.030.01 Odpadki na splošno Wastes in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 14997
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
November 2006
ICS 13.030.01
English Version
Characterization of waste - Leaching behaviour tests - Influence
of pH on leaching with continuous pH-control
Caractérisation des déchets - Essais de comportement à la Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Untersuchung des
lixiviation - Influence du pH sur la lixiviation avec contrôle Auslaugungsverhaltens - Einfluss des pH-Wertes auf die
continu du pH Auslaugung bei kontinuierlicher pH-Wert-Kontrolle
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 9 October 2006 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 14997:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Symbols and abbreviations .6
5 Principle.7
6 Reagents and laboratory devices .7
6.1 Reagents.7
6.2 Laboratory devices.7
7 Sampling.8
7.1 Laboratory sample.8
7.2 Test sample .8
7.3 Determination of dry residue of the sample .9
7.4 Test portion .9
8 Test procedure.9
8.1 Contact time .9
8.2 pH range .10
8.3 Leaching test.10
8.4 Natural pH.13
9 Eluate treatment, storage and analysis.13
10 Blank tests.13
11 Performance characteristics .14
12 Test report .14
Annex A (informative) Example of a data sheet .16
Annex B (informative) Operation and uses of the test: influence of pH on the leaching behaviour .17
Annex C (informative) Preliminary determination of the acid/base consumption.22
Annex D (informative) Examples of acid and base neutralisation capacities for waste, soil,
sediment and construction materials.26
Bibliography .29
Foreword
This document (CEN/TS 14997:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 292
“Characterization of waste”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, B, C or D, which is an integral part of this
document.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this CEN Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Introduction
This document has been developed primarily to support the requirements for leaching behaviour testing within
EU and EFTA countries. Tests to characterize the behaviour of waste materials can generally be divided into
three categories. The relationship between these tests is summarized below:
a) “Basic characterization“ tests are used to obtain information on the short and long term leaching behaviour
and characteristic properties of waste materials. Liquid/solid (L/S) ratios, leachant composition, factors
controlling leachability such as pH, redox potential, complexing capacity, ageing of waste and physical
parameters are addressed in these tests.
b) “Compliance“ tests are used to determine whether the waste complies with a specific behaviour or with
specific reference values. The tests focus on key variables and leaching behaviour previously identified by
basic characterization tests.
c) “On-site verification“ tests are used as a rapid check to confirm that the waste is the same as that which
has been subjected to the compliance test(s). On-site verification tests are not necessarily leaching tests.
The test procedure specified in this document belongs to category (a): basic characterization tests.
In the test described in this standard an equilibrium condition is established as a result of continuous
adjustment of pH. Size reduction is performed to accelerate reaching of equilibrium condition.
This test is different from the "Influence of pH on leaching with initial acid/base addition " (see CEN/TS 14429)
in which the pH is controlled by addition of pre-determined amounts of acid or base to reach desired end pH
values. The test is aiming at approaching equilibrium at the end of the procedure.
NOTE In Annex B specific uses of both the pH dependence test with initial acid/ base addition and the pH
dependence test with continuous pH control are indicated.
1 Scope
This document specifies a test method for the determination of the influence of pH on the leachability of
inorganic constituents from a waste material. Equilibrium condition as defined in the document is established
by continuous adjustment of the pH by addition of acid or base to reach desired pH values. This test method
produces eluates, which are subsequently characterized physically and chemically.
This document is a parameter specific test as specified in EN 12920. The application of this test method alone
is not sufficient for the determination of the detailed leaching behaviour of a waste under specified conditions.
NOTE This generally requires the application of several test methods, behavioural modelling and model validation as
specified in EN 12920.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 12506, Characterization of waste – Analysis of eluates - Determination of pH, As, Ba, Cd, Cl, Co, Cr, Cr VI,
- 2-
Cu, Mo, Ni, NO , Pb, total S, SO , V and Zn
2 4
EN 13370, Characterization of waste – Analysis of eluates – Determination of Ammonium-N, AOX,
- -
conductivity, Hg, phenol index, TOC, CN , F
easily liberable
EN 14346, Characterization of waste – Calculation of dry matter by determination of dry residue or water
content
EN 14899, Characterisation of waste – Sampling of waste materials – Framework for the preparation and
application of a Sampling Plan
EN 15002, Characterization of waste – Preparation of test portions from the laboratory sample
EN ISO 5667-3, Water quality – Sampling – Part 3: Guidance on the preservation and handling of water
samples (ISO 5667-3:2003)
EN ISO 3696:1995 Water for analytical laboratory use – Specification and test methods (ISO 3696:1987)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
dry residue of the sample
w
dr
o
remaining mass fraction of a sample after a drying process at 105 C
[EN 14346]
3.2
eluate
solution obtained by a laboratory leaching test
3.3
equilibrium condition
condition achieved when the acid or base consumption during a checking period at the last 4 h of the test is
less than 2 % of the total acid or base consumption during the entire test
3.4
laboratory sample
sample or subsample(s) sent to or received by the laboratory
[IUPAC, 1997] [15]
3.5
liquid to solid-ratio
L/S
ratio between the amount of liquid (L) and of solid (S) in the test
NOTE L/S is expressed in l/kg dry matter.
3.6
leachant
liquid to be mixed with the test portion in the leaching procedure
3.7
suspension
mixture of leachant and test portion
3.8
test portion
amount or volume of the test sample taken for analysis, usually of known weight or volume
[IUPAC, 1997]
3.9
test sample
sample, prepared from the laboratory sample, from which test portions are removed for testing or for analysis
[IUPAC, 1997]
4 Symbols and abbreviations
ANC acid neutralization capacity
BNC base neutralization capacity
DOC dissolved organic carbon
L/S liquid to solid ratio
M dried mass of the test portion
d
m mass after drying
d
M un-dried mass of the test portion
w
m mass before drying
r
t time at the start of the leaching test
V volume of acid or base used in leachant
A/B
V volume of demineralised water used in leachant
demin
w dry residue of the sample
dr
5 Principle
Separate test portions are leached at a fixed L/S ratio with leachants where the pH is adjusted and controlled
at pre-set pH-values. At least 8 final pH values are required, covering at the minimum the range pH 4 - pH 12
(both included i.e. the lowest value ≤4 and the highest value ≥12). The amounts of acid or base needed to
cover the pH range can be derived from the results of a preliminary titration, from available experimental data
on the material to be tested or from an arbitrary division of the predetermined maximum consumption of acid
and base. The tests are carried out at a fixed contact time at the end of which equilibrium condition can be
assumed to be reached for most constituents in most waste materials to be characterized. The equilibrium
condition as defined in the
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