EN 1436:2018

Road marking materials - Road marking performance for road users and test methods

This European Standard specifies the performance for road users of white and yellow road markings, as expressed by their reflection in daylight or under road lighting, retroreflection in vehicle headlamp illumination, colour and skid resistance. Furthermore, the standard specifies test methods and conditions.

Straßenmarkierungsmaterialien - Anforderungen an Markierungen auf Straßen und Prüfverfahren

Diese Europäische Norm legt die straßennutzerbezogenen Anforderungen an weiße und gelbe Straßen-markierungen im Hinblick auf deren Reflexion bei Tageslicht oder bei Straßenbeleuchtung, auf deren Retroreflexion bei Anleuchtung durch Fahrzeugscheinwerfer sowie auf deren Farbe und Griffigkeit fest. Außerdem legt die Norm Prüfverfahren und Prüfbedingungen fest.

Produits de marquage routier - Performances des marquages appliqués sur la route et methodes d'essai

La présente Norme européenne définit les performances, pour les usagers de la route, des marquages routiers blancs et jaunes quant à leur réflexion à la lumière du jour ou sous un éclairage public, à leur rétroréflexion lorsqu’ils sont éclairés par des projecteurs automobiles, à leur couleur et à leur adhérence. Elle décrit en outre les méthodes et conditions d'essai.

Materiali za označevanje vozišča - Lastnosti označb in preskusne metode

Ta evropski standard določa lastnosti belih in rumenih cestnih označb za cestne uporabnike, kot so izražene s svojim odsevom pri dnevni svetlobi ali pod cestnimi lučmi, retrorefleksijo v žarometih vozila, barvo in torno sposobnostjo. Standard nadalje opisuje preskusne metode in pogoje.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 16-Jan-2018
• Withdrawal Date: 30-Jul-2018
• ICS: 93.080.30 - Road equipment and installations
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 226 - Road equipment
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 226/WG 2 - Horizontal road signs
• Current Stage: 9060 - Closure of 2 Year Review Enquiry - Review Enquiry
• Start Date: 02-Sep-2023
• Completion Date: 02-Sep-2023
• Ref Project: SIST EN 1436:2018 - Road marking materials - Road marking performance for road users and test methods

Relations

• Replaces: EN 1436:2007+A1:2008 - Road marking materials - Road marking performance for road users
• Effective Date: 24-Jan-2018

Overview

EN 1436:2018 - published by CEN - defines performance criteria and test methods for road marking materials used by road users. The standard covers white and yellow road markings and specifies how to assess their visibility and safety performance by measuring daytime/road-light reflection, retroreflection under vehicle headlights, colour (chromaticity x,y) and skid resistance. EN 1436:2018 also supplies measurement conditions and annexed test methods to ensure repeatable, comparable results across sites and laboratories.

Key Topics and Requirements

• Reflection in daylight and under road lighting - measured as luminance coefficient under diffuse illumination (Qd) or luminance factor; sets classes for required reflection performance during the marking’s functional life.
• Retroreflection (RL) - quantifies the luminance returned to drivers from vehicle headlamp illumination; includes measurement conditions for dry and wet/rainy states and options for enhanced performance (type II markings).
• Colour / Chromaticity - specifies chromaticity coordinates (CIE 1931 x,y) for white and yellow markings in daylight and retroreflected light to ensure correct colour perception.
• Skid resistance - references test methods (now by EN 13036-4 pendulum test) and defines when skid resistance measurements are applicable.
• Test methods and measurement annexes - normative Annex A (Qd), Annex B (RL), Annex C (chromaticity) detail instrument spectral match, calibration, permitted geometries and measurement uncertainty; Annex D (former skid method) has been replaced by EN 13036-4.
• Classification and types - includes performance classes (e.g., options added for Q5 and R5) and definitions for type I (standard) and type II (wet-reflective) markings.

Practical Applications

• Create performance-based technical specifications for road marking materials and systems.
• Guide laboratory and field testing protocols to verify conformity with visibility and safety criteria.
• Inform product development for paints, thermoplastics, preformed tapes, glass-beaded systems, and structured surface markings designed to improve night and wet-weather visibility.
• Support maintenance planning by defining performance thresholds tied to the marking’s functional life and replacement timing.

Who should use this standard

• Road authorities and highway agencies setting safety and procurement requirements
• Manufacturers and suppliers of road marking materials and accessories
• Testing laboratories, independent inspectors and certification bodies
• Contractors and specifiers preparing tenders and acceptance criteria (note: EN 1436:2018 should be supplemented with tender-specific acceptance limits and measurement uncertainty clauses)

Related Standards

• EN 13036-4 (skid resistance - pendulum test)
• IEC 60050-845 (lighting vocabulary)
• ISO 11664-2 (CIE standard illuminants / colourimetry)

EN 1436:2018 is essential for consistent, measurable road marking quality and contributes directly to road safety, night-time legibility and wet-weather performance.

Standards Content (Sample)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.PHWRGHStraßenmarkierungsmaterialien - Anforderungen an Markierungen auf Straßen und MessmethodenProduits de marque routier - Performances des marquages appliqués sur la routeRoad marking materials - Road marking performance for road users and test methods93.080.30Cestna oprema in pomožne napraveRoad equipment and installationsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 1436:2018SIST EN 1436:2018en,fr,de01-marec-2018SIST EN 1436:2018SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 1436:2007+A1:20091DGRPHãþD

EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 1436
January
t r s z ICS
{ uä r z rä u r Supersedes EN
s v u xã t r r y ªA sã t r r zEnglish Version
Road marking materials æ Road marking performance for road users and test methods Produits de marque routier æ Performances des marquages appliqußs sur la route
Straßenmarkierungsmaterialien æ Anforderungen an Markierungen auf Straßen und Messmethoden This European Standard was approved by CEN on
t t October
t r s yä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Serbiaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey and United Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Rue de la Science 23,
B-1040 Brussels
t r s z CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
s v u xã t r s z ESIST EN 1436:2018

European foreword . 4 Introduction . 6 1 Scope . 7 2 Normative references . 7 3 Terms and definitions . 7 4 Requirements . 8 4.1 General . 8 4.2 Reflection in daylight or under road lighting . 9 4.2.1 General . 9 4.2.2 Luminance coefficient under diffuse illumination Qd . 9 4.2.3
...................................................................................................................................... 10 4.3 Retroreflection under vehicle headlamp illumination .................................................................. 10 4.4 Colour ............................................................................................................................................................... 12 4.4.1 Chromaticity in daylight ............................................................................................................................ 12 4.4.2 Chromaticity of retroreflected light ...................................................................................................... 13 4.5 Skid resistance .............................................................................................................................................. 14 Annex A (normative)
Measurement method for the luminance coefficient under diffuse illumination Qd . 15 A.1 Introduction . 15 A.2 Spectral match . 16 A.3 Standard measuring condition of measuring equipment . 16 A.4 Practical applications of measuring equipment . 17 A.5 Calibration of measuring equipment . 18 A.6 Uncertainty of measurement . 18 Annex B (normative)
Measurement method for the coefficient of retroreflected luminance RL . 20 B.1 Introduction . 20 B.2 Spectral match of measuring equipment . 21 B.3 Standard measuring condition of measuring equipment . 21 B.4 Practical applications of measuring equipment . 22 B.4.1 General . 22 B.4.2 Portable instruments . 22 B.4.3 Vehicle mounted instruments . 23 B.5 Calibration of measuring equipment . 25 B.6 Condition of wetness . 25 B.7 Condition of rain . 26 B.8 Uncertainty of measurement . 26 SIST EN 1436:2018

-ordinates x and y . 28 C.1 the chromaticity co-ordinates x and y in daylight . 28 C.2 Standard measuring condition for the measurement of the chromaticity co-ordinates x and y of retroreflected light . 28 C.3 Measuring equipment . 28 C.4 Uncertainty of measurement . 28 Bibliography . 29
Additionally, the normative reference to ISO 10526 is replaced by a normative reference to ISO 11664-2; — in 3.6, the definition of structured road marking
is simplified; — in 3.7, the definition of type I and II road markings is split into two separate definitions in 3.7 and 3.8; — in 3.9, a definition of chromaticity coordinates x,y is inserted as 3.9; — in Table 1, an option for class Q5 is added for white road markings on asphaltic road surfaces; — in Table 3, an option for class R5 is added for permanent yellow road markings; — in 4.2.1 General, the reference to 3.6 is deleted in view of the simplification of this definition; — in 4.4 Colour, this clause is split into subclause 4.4.1 with existing classes for chromaticity in daylight and a new subclause 4.4.2 with classes for chromaticity of retroreflected light of yellow road markings; — in 4.5 Skid resistance, the reference to 3.6 is deleted in view of the simplification of this definition and precautions for when this test is valid are added; — in A.3 Standard measuring condition of measuring equipment, a new paragraph is inserted at the end regarding permissible side angles; — in A.4 Practical applications of measuring equipment, the words “For fixed aim instruments” in the 7th paragraph are deleted as all instruments available on the market have fixed aim. Additionally, a paragraph regarding allowances for vehicle mounted equipment is added at the end; — in B.2 Spectral match of measuring equipment, a new paragraph is inserted after the 6th paragraph describing an alternative and more simple test of the spectral match for vehicle mounted instruments; — in B.3 Standard measuring condition of measuring equipment, a new paragraph is inserted after the 6th paragraph regarding permissible side angles; SIST EN 1436:2018

Further, the reference to ISO 10526 is replaced by a reference to ISO 11664-2; — in C.2 Standard measuring condition for the measurement of the chromaticity coordinates x and y of retroreflected light, this new clause is inserted in view of the new subclause 4.4.2. The clauses thereafter are renumbered accordingly; — in C.3 Measuring equipment (previously C.2), the words “of the luminance factor and the chromaticity co-ordinates x, y” at the end of the 1st paragraph are deleted. Additionally, a Note 2 regarding equipment for the measurement of the x, y chromaticity co-ordinates of retroreflected light has been inserted; — the Annex D (normative) Measuring method for skid resistance has been deleted, being essentially replaced by a reference to EN 13036-4 in subclause 4.5. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 1436:2018

IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp 3.1 luminance coefficient under diffuse illumination Qd quotient of the luminance of a field of the road marking in a given direction by the illuminance on the -2blx-1) 3.2 luminance factor
ratio of the luminance of a field of the road marking in a given direction to that of a perfect reflecting diffuser identically illuminated 3.3 coefficient of retroreflected luminance RL quotient of the luminance L of a field of the road marking in a direction of observation by the illuminance Ec at the field perpendicular to the direction of the incident light (unit: mcdbm-2blx-1)
1) CIE Publication 17.4 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary is identical to IEC 60050-845. SIST EN 1436:2018

measured in accordance with Annex C. NOTE Both of the above-mentioned parameters measure the brightness of a road marking as seen in typical or average daylight or under road lighting. The main difference lies in the viewing directions, which for the luminance coefficient under diffuse illumination Qd corresponds to a fairly long viewing distance and for the
To assess the visibility in daylight or under road lighting for such road markings, the measurement of Qd may be a more suitable method of test. 4.2.2 Luminance coefficient under diffuse illumination Qd The luminance coefficient under diffuse illumination Qd shall conform to Table 1 for road markings in dry conditions. Table 1 — Classes of Qd for dry road markings Road marking Colour Road surface Type Class Minimum luminance coefficient under diffuse illumination Qd in mcdbm-2blx-1 White Asphaltic Q0 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 No value requested Qd
·
s r r Qd
·
s u r Qd
·
s x r Qd
·
t r r Cement concrete Q0 Q3 Q4 Q5 No value requested Qd
·
s u r Qd
·
s x r Qd
·
t r r Yellow
Q0 Q1 Q2 Q3 No value requested Qd
·
z r Qd
·
s r r Qd
·
s u r SIST EN 1436:2018
Road marking colour Road surface type Class
White Asphaltic B0 B2 B3 B4 B5 No value requested
Cement concrete B0 B3 B4 B5 No value requested
Yellow
B0 B1 B2 B3 No value requested
4.3 Retroreflection under vehicle headlamp illumination For the measurement of reflection under vehicle headlamp illumination, the coefficient of retroreflected luminance RL is used. It shall be measured in the direction of traffic in accordance with Annex B and expressed in mcdbm-2blx-1. Road markings in the dry condition shall conform to Table 3; and shall conform to Table 4 during wetness and to Table 5 during rain. NOTE The coefficient of retroreflected luminance represents the brightness of a road marking as seen by drivers of vehicles under the illumination by the driver’s own headlamps. SIST EN 1436:2018

·
s r r RL
·
s w r RL
·
t r r RL
·
u r r Yellow R0 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 No value requested RL
·
z r RL
·
s r r RL
·
s w r RL
·
t r r RL
·
u r r Temporary
R0 R2 R3 R4 R5 No value requested RL
·
s r r RL
·
s w r RL
·
t r r RL
·
u r r Table 4 — Classes of RL for road markings during wetness Conditions of wetness Class Minimum coefficient of retroreflected luminance RL in mcdbm-2blx-1 As obtained 1 min after flooding the surface in accordance with B.6 RW0 No value requested RW1 RL
·
t w RW2 RL
·
u w RW3 RL
·
w r RW4 RL
·
y w RW5 RL
·
s r r RW6 RL
·
s w r Table 5 — Classes of RL for road markings during rain Conditions of rain Class Minimum coefficient of retroreflected luminance RL in mcdbm-2blx-1 As obtained after at least 5 min exposure in accordance with B.7 during uniform rainfall of 20 mm/h RR0 No value requested RR1 RL
·
t w RR2 RL
·
u w RR3 RL
·
w r RR4 RL
·
y w RR5 RL
·
s r r RR6 RL
·
s w r SIST EN 1436:2018
Key 1 yellow class Y1 2 yellow class Y2 3 white Figure 1 — Chromaticity regions of white and yellow road markings in daylight SIST EN 1436:2018

Key 1 yellow class RC1 Figure 2 — Chromaticity regions of retroreflected light for yellow road markings class RC1 It is an experience that some yellow road markings of classes Y1 or Y2 may appear as white in retroreflected light. Class yellow RC1 should be applied if visual distinction between white and yellow road markings in retroreflected light is important. SIST EN 1436:2018

·
v w S2 SRT
·
w r S3 SRT
·
w w S4 SRT
·
x r S5 SRT
·
x w NOTE 2 The Class S0 is also for when SRT value cannot be measured. NOTE 3 The "International PIARC experiment to compare and harmonize texture and skid resistance measurements", PIARC - 01.04T - 1995, gives information about different skid resistance test methods and equipment, as well as their repeatability and correlation to SRT. NOTE 4 In the case that "in situ" inspections are requested (taking into account its high degree of incertitude), other equipment more practical and safer than the skid resistance tester presents advantages. SIST EN 1436:2018

Measurement method for the luminance coefficient under diffuse illumination Qd A.1 Introduction Equipment for the measurement of the luminance coefficient under diffuse illumination Qd of a field of a road marking includes an illumination system, a photometer and means to define a horizontal reference plane with a reference centre. Laboratory measurements are used to establish Qd values for samples, which are to be used to test or calibrate in situ equipment. The reference plane and the reference centre are defined by means of a sample holder and an alignment procedure. The diffuse illumination can be provided in a photometric sphere. A light source is mounted in the sphere in such a way, that direct illumination falls only on the lower half of the sphere. By reflection and inter-reflection, the upper half of the sphere has a close approximation to a uniform luminance. The reference plane is the horizontal plane through the centre of the sphere and the reference centre is the centre of the sphere. In some cases, samples can be as short as 20 cm. Samples used to test or calibrate portable instruments need to be at least 40 cm long, while samples used to test or calibrate vehicle mounted equipment need to be longer. For some structured road markings, fairly long samples are required. A practical width of samples is often 20 cm. A sample should be backed by a substrate to assist handling and should show a non-deformed surface of the road marking. The sample can either be laid directly onto the substrate, or it can be taken from a road and adhered to the substrate. Portable instruments are intended for the measurement of Qd values of road markings on the road, but may be used to measure Qd values of road marking materials on sample panels before placing them on the road. A portable instrument integrates the photometer and the illumination system. The reference plane and the reference centre is defined by feet of the instrument. When measuring a structured road marking with a portable instrument, it is necessary to establish if the instrument in question is able to measure the structured road marking with the actual height of structures and gaps between these. The Qd value is established as the average of a number of readings taken with shifts of the instrument in steps along the marking, in total covering one or more spacing of structures. Vehicle mounted instruments are used to measure Qd values of road markings while moving at traffic speed, and can be used for longer stretches of road than portable instruments and in cases where the use of portable instruments requires extensive precautions, in particular on motorways. SIST EN 1436:2018

rá u u ¹ as seen from any point in the measured areaä SIST EN 1436:2018

¬ w ¹ä Howeverá for particular applicationsá for instance when it is desirable to measure road markings to both the left and the right of the vehicle simultaneouslyá the side angle may exceed
¬ w ¹á but due to additional uncertainty of measurement the side angle shall in no case exceed
¬ s r ¹ä A.4 Practical applications of measuring equipment The equipment shall have sufficient sensitivity and range to accommodate Qd values expected in use, typically
s to the maximum of approximately
u s z mcdbm-2blx-1 of Qd values shall be adequate for the purpose. The sensitivity, range and linearity of portable instruments may be tested by means of suitable samples. The equipment shall be able to cope with the conditions expected in use such as stray light entering from the surroundings. Portable instruments are used in conditions of full daylight and shall be constructed so that readings are not affected by ambient light in these conditions. Some instruments may need to inform the operators by warnings or error messages if necessary. Offset by stray light in daylight conditions may be tested by measurement in full daylight, where readings obtained without additional cover of an instrument are compared to readings obtained with additional cover by a black cloth or other obstructions about the instrument. Portable instruments may be tilted and shifted in height relative to the road marking surface because of texture and curve of road markings on the road, particles on the surface and structure of structured road markings. SIST EN 1436:2018

tá t { ¹
±
t w × H for method A; the sample is not to be moved for method B. Using a non-glossy surface, the measured Qd value shall not change by more than ± 15 %, when the height position is shifted from '0 mm' to -1 mm, 1 mm and 2 mm. Other height positions may be included to demonstrate the ability of an instrument to measure road markings with extreme texture, in particular structured road markings. NOTE When an instrument is able to perform at a height position H, it is able to measure structured road markings when the structure height is at most H or the gaps between structures is at most 25 × H. For vehicle mounted equipment, some allowances compared to the standard measuring condition of A.3 have to be accepted for technical reasons. These include: — the observation angle
cannot always stay within the tolerance indicated in A.3 as seen from any point within the measured area, — the angular spread of the measuring directions cannot always stay within the tolerance indicated in A.3 as seen from any point within the measured area, — for particular applications, for instance when it is desirable to measure road markings to both the left and the right of the vehicle simultaneouslyá the side angle may exceed
¬ w ¹á but due to additional uncertainty of measurement the side angle shall in no case exceed
¬ s r ¹ä A.5 Calibration of measuring equipment For laboratory measurement on road marking panels placed in a photometric sphere, direct calibration is obtained by mounting the photometer at the reference centre with an orientation towards the upper 318 mcdbm-2blx-1. The photometer can then be used to measure the Qd values of the road marking panels directly in mcdbm-2blx-1. Direct calibration is suitable, when the luminance of the upper part of the sphere is perfectly constant. Else, indirect calibration by means of a standard sample with a known Qd value, measured with direct calibration or with another traceable calibration technique may be preferable. The 'sample' may be a curved mirror or another optical system that gives a view to the upper part of the sphere. A portable instrument shall be calibrated by means of a traceable standard sample with a known Qd value. Independent calibration of the standard sample shall be possible. A transfer standard may be used for routine tests of the calibration in order to avoid frequent handling of the standard in road conditions. A.6 Uncertainty of measurement NOTE 1 The concept of 'uncertainty of measurement' is the overall concept that involves both, trueness (or bias) and precision (repeatability and reproducibility). Some level of trueness can be assured indirectly by use of measuring equipment, which complies with A.2 to A.5, when also limiting the use to the range of applicability of the particular equipment. Precision can be determined by conventional means according to the definitions. NOTE 2 Ideally, trueness could be established by means of road marking panels with accepted reference values measured in laboratory conditions. However, laboratory measurements are not presently sufficiently developed. SIST EN 1436:2018

Measurement method for the coefficient of retroreflected luminance RL B.1 Introduction Equipment for the measurement of the coefficient of retroreflected luminance RL of a field of a road marking includes an illumination system, a photometer and means to define a horizontal reference plane with a reference centre. Laboratory measurements are used to establish RL values for samples, which are to be used to test or calibrate in situ equipment. The reference plane and the reference centre are defined by means of a sample holder and an alignment procedure. In some cases, samples can be as short as 20 cm. Samples used to test or calibrate portable instruments need to be at least 40 cm long, while samples used to test or calibrate vehicle mounted equipment need to be longer. For some structured road markings, fairly long samples are required. A practical width of
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