CEN/TS 15940:2012
(Main)Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or hydrotreatment - Requirements and test methods
Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or hydrotreatment - Requirements and test methods
This Technical Specification describes requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered paraffinic diesel fuel blended with fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) up to a level 7 % (V/V), for use in diesel engine vehicles. It defines two classes of paraffinic diesel fuel: high cetane and normal cetane.
Paraffinic diesel fuel originates from synthesis or hydrotreatment processes.
This Technical Specification describes the quality for use as automotive fuel for diesel engines for captive fleets or dedicated vehicle usage. Captive fleets are in general considered as a group of vehicles that possess specific supply logistics, their own dedicated facilities for storage and distribution and adequate maintenance of the vehicles.
Kraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge - Paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff aus Synthese oder Hydrierungsverfahren - Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
Diese Technische Spezifikation legt Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren für paraffinischen Dieselkraftstoff, der mit einem Gehalt von bis zu 7 % (V/V) an Fettsäure-Methylester (FAME) für die Verwendung in Dieselkraftfahrzeugen gehandelt und ausgeliefert wird, fest. Sie definiert zwei Klassen von Dieselkraftstoff: eine Klasse mir hoher Cetanzahl und eine mit normaler Cetanzahl.
Paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff stammt aus Synthese- oder Hydrierungsverfahren.
Diese Technische Spezifikation beschreibt die Qualität für die Verwendung als Kraftstoff für Dieselmotoren geschlossener Flotten oder dafür vorgesehener Fahrzeuge. Geschlossene Flotten werden im Allgemeinen als eine Gruppe von Fahrzeugen angesehen, die spezifische Versorgungslogistik sowie ihre eigenen Lager-, Verteilungs- und entsprechende Wartungsvorrichtungen für die Fahrzeuge besitzen.
ANMERKUNG 1 Für eine allgemeine Dieselmotorengarantie kann für paraffinischen Dieselkraftstoff eine Validierung erforderlich sein, die bei einigen existierenden Motoren möglicherweise noch zu erledigen ist (siehe auch Einleitung zu diesem Dokument).
ANMERKUNG 2 Für den Zweck dieses Dokuments werden zur Angabe des Massenanteils einer Substanz der Ausdruck % (m/m) und für den Volumenanteil einer Substanz der Ausdruck % (V/V) verwendet.
Carburants automobiles - Gazoles paraffiniques de synthèses ou obtenus par hydrotraitement - Exigences et méthodes d'essais
Goriva za motorna vozila - Parafinsko dizelsko gorivo iz sinteze ali postopka s hidrogeniranjem - Zahteve in preskusne metode
Ta tehnična specifikacija opisuje zahteve in preskusne metode za prodajano in dobavljeno parafinsko dizelsko gorivo, ki vsebuje do 7 % (V/V) metilnega estra maščobnih kislin (FAME) in se uporablja v vozilih z dizelskim motorjem. Določa dva razreda parafinskega dizelskega goriva: visokooktansko in z običajnim oktanskim številom. Parafinsko dizelsko gorivo nastane iz sinteze ali postopka s hidrogeniranjem. Ta tehnična specifikacija opisuje kakovost goriva, ki se uporablja za vozila z dizelskimi motorji v območno omejenih voznih parkih ali vozilih za posebni namen. Območno omejeni vozni parki so na splošno skupina vozil s posebno dobavno logistiko, lastnimi namenskimi prostori za shranjevanje in distribucijo ter ustreznim vzdrževanjem vozil.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2012
Goriva za motorna vozila - Parafinsko dizelsko gorivo iz sinteze ali postopka s
hidrogeniranjem - Zahteve in preskusne metode
Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or hydrotreatment - Requirements
and test methods
Kraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge - Paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff aus Synthese oder
Hydrierungsverfahren - Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
Carburants automobiles - Gazoles paraffiniques de synthèses ou obtenus par
hydrotraitement - Exigences et méthodes d'essais
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 15940:2012
ICS:
75.160.20 7HNRþDJRULYD Liquid fuels
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 15940
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
September 2012
ICS 75.160.20 Supersedes CWA 15940:2009
English Version
Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or
hydrotreatment - Requirements and test methods
Carburants automobiles - Gazoles paraffiniques de Kraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge - Paraffinischer
synthèses ou obtenus par hydrotraitement - Exigences et Dieselkraftstoff aus Synthese oder Hydrierungsverfahren -
méthodes d'essais Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 9 July 2012 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 15940:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Sampling .6
4 Pump marking .6
5 Requirements and test methods .7
5.1 Dyes and markers .7
5.2 Additives .7
5.3 Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) .7
5.4 Cavitation prevention .7
5.5 Seizure protection.7
5.6 Generally applicable requirements and related test methods .7
5.7 Climate dependent requirements and related test methods .9
5.8 Precision and dispute .9
Annex A (informative) Seizure protection . 10
Bibliography . 11
Foreword
This document (CEN/TS 15940:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous
andliquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the secretariat of
which is held by NEN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CWA 15940:2009.
In this document all relevant characteristics, requirements and test methods are specified. These
specifications are relevant for the driveability of the vehicles and are currently known to prevent harm to the
vehicles and their powertrains. National adaptations of this document may choose differently based on local
conditions and / or updated knowledge. Climate dependent requirements of this document may vary according
to national adoptions of EN 590 and EN 14214, but should be indicated by a specific National Annex.
Significant technical changes between this document and CWA 15940:2009 are:
a) Provision is made for a maximum of 7 % (V/V) of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) to be included in
paraffinic diesel fuel;
b) Further precision of the recommended pump marking;
c) The prevention of cavitation and the protection against seizure are included;
d) The maximum for cetane number in Class B has been removed as the original gap between 70 and 66
was insufficient distinction from the test method precision perspective, so the middle ground was
removed;
e) PAH's and total olefin requirement have been removed, because these are captured by the total
aromatics limit;
f) Updated test methods have been introduced.
This document is based on current knowledge at the time of publishing, but will require revision when the
specification for regular automotive diesel fuel, EN 590, or FAME, EN 14214, has been determined (revised)
by CEN/TC 19 or based on further experiences with the use of paraffinic diesel fuel according to this
document. Further background can be found in CEN/TR 16389 [3].
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following
countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
This document has been laid down to define a specification for diesel fuel on the basis of synthesis gas (from
natural gas, coal or biomass) or of hydrotreated vegetable or animal oils. Its main use is as diesel fuel in
dedicated diesel vehicle fleets. Paraffinic diesel fuel does not meet the current diesel fuel specification,
EN 590. The main differences between paraffinic diesel fuel and automotive diesel fuel are in the areas of
distillation, density, sulfur, aromatics and cetane. Its density can be outside the regular diesel specification,
and the described class A type fuel has a higher cetane number.
Paraffinic diesel is a high quality, clean burning fuel with virtually no sulphur and aromatics. Paraffinic diesel
fuel can be used in diesel engines (see NOTE 1 under Clause 1), reducing regulated emissions. In order to
have the greatest possible emissions reduction, a specific calibration may be necessary. Paraffinic diesel fuel
will also offer a meaningful contribution to the target of increased non-petroleum and/or renewable content in
transportation fuel pool.
As some production processes result in a fuel containing cyclo-paraffins, next to n-paraffins and iso-paraffins,
they show different cetane number compared to other paraffinic diesel fuels. Hence, in this Technical
Specification, two classes have been defined, one class showing improved ignition quality compared to
regular diesel fuel. Both the normal cetane fuel and the high cetane fuel class are intended for use in
dedicated diesel vehicle fleets.
Blending of paraffinic diesel with biodiesel (FAME) is covered in this document. Against the background of the
EU Renewable Energy Directive (RED, 2009/28/EC, [1]) and also the latest developments regarding
European regular diesel specification, there is now a pressing requirement to allow for FAME blend variations
of those paraffinic fuels, which are not already classified as being from renewable resources.
This new activity allows for a paraffinic diesel specification other than CWA 15940, to “mirror” the current
EN 590 specification. That is, allowing a blend variant of paraffinic diesel in the same way that CEN diesel
quality specifications allow for refinery diesel up to 7 % (V/V) FAME blend percentage.
Paraffinic diesel may also be used as a blending component for automotive diesel fuel, but this is also not
covered in this document.
The document will be usable on a voluntary basis for engine clearance, fuel acceptance and fuelling station
allowance, supporting both local regulations and international trade. In the longer term, further work in this
area, including moves towards a more formal standard is envisaged.
1 Scope
This Technical Specification describes requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered paraffinic
diesel fuel containing up to a level 7 % (V/V) fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), for use in diesel engine vehicles.
It defines two classes of paraffinic diesel fuel: high cetane and normal cetane.
Paraffinic diesel fuel originates from synthesis or hydrotreatment processes.
This Technical Specification describes the quality for use as automotive fuel for diesel engines for captive fleets
or dedicated vehicle usage. Captive fleets are in general considered as a group of vehicles that possess
specific supply logistics, their own dedicated facilities for storage and distribution and adequate maintenance
of the vehicles.
NOTE 1 For general diesel engine warranty, paraffinic automotive diesel fuel might need a validation step, which for
some existing engines might still need to be done (see also the Introduction to this document).
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the
mass fraction and the volume fraction.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 590:2009+A1:2010, Automotive fuels — Diesel — Requirements and test methods
EN 12662, Liquid petroleum products – Determination of contamination in middle distillates
EN 12916, Petroleum products – Determination of aromatic hydrocarbon types in middle distillates – High
performance liquid chromatography method with refractive index detection
EN 14078, Liquid petroleum products – Determination of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content in middle
distillates – Infrared spectrometry method
EN 14214, Liquid petroleum products – Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for use in diesel engines and heating
applications – Requirements and test methods
EN 15195, Liquid petroleum products — Determination of ignition delay and derived cetane number (DCN) of
middle distillate fuels by combustion in a constant volume chamber
EN 15751, Automotive fuels — Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) fuel and blends with diesel fuel —
Determination of oxidation stability by accelerated oxidation method
EN ISO 2160, Petroleum products — Corrosiveness to copper — Copper strip test (ISO 2160)
EN ISO 2719, Determination of flash point — Pensky-Martens closed cup method (ISO 2719)
EN ISO 3104, Petroleum products — Transparent and opaque liquids — Determination of kinematic viscosity
and calculation of dynamic viscosity (ISO 3104)
EN ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids — Manual sampling (ISO 3170)
EN ISO 3171, Petroleum liquids — Automatic pipeline sampling (ISO 3171)
EN ISO 3405, Petroleum products — Determination of distillation characteristics at atmospheric pressure
(ISO 3405)
EN ISO 3675, Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products — Laboratory determination of density or
relative density — Hydrometer method (ISO 3675)
EN ISO 4259, Petroleum products — Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of
test (ISO 4259)
EN ISO 5165, Petroleum products — Determination of the ignition quality of diesel fuels — Cetane engine
method (ISO 5165)
EN ISO 6245, Petroleum products — Determination of ash (ISO 6245)
EN ISO 10370
...
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