EN ISO 12156-1:2023

Diesel fuel - Assessment of lubricity using the high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) - Part 1: Test method (ISO 12156-1:2023)

This document specifies a test method using the high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) with a digital camera, for assessing the lubricating property of petroleum-based middle distillate fuels, paraffinic diesel fuels, and biodiesel blends, with or without lubricity enhancing additives, and with HFRR wear scar diameters (WSDs) of 350 μm to 700 μm.
This test method applies to fuels used in diesel engines.
NOTE       It is not known if this test method can predict the performance of all additive/fuel combinations.

Dieselkraftstoff - Bewertung der Schmierfähigkeit mit dem Hochfrequenz-Rundlaufprüfstand (HFRR) - Teil 1: Prüfverfahren (ISO 12156-1:2023)

Carburant diesel - Évaluation du pouvoir lubrifiant au banc alternatif à haute fréquence (HFRR) - Partie 1: Méthode d'essai (ISO 12156-1:2023)

Le présent document spécifie une méthode d'essai utilisant un banc alternatif à haute fréquence (HFRR) pour évaluer à l’aide d’un appareil photo numérique les propriétés lubrifiantes des carburants diesel, des carburants diesel paraffiniques et des mélanges biodiesel, avec ou sans additif améliorant de pouvoir lubrifiant, et avec des diamètres de marque d’usure (WSD) HFRR compris entre 350 μm et 700 μm.
Cette méthode d’essai est applicable aux carburants utilisés dans les moteurs diesel.
NOTE            Il n’est pas établi que cette méthode d’essai estimera la performance de toutes les combinaisons additifs/carburants.

Dizelsko gorivo - Ocenjevanje mazalne sposobnosti z visokofrekvenčnim merilnikom (HFRR) - 1. del: Preskusna metoda (ISO 12156-1:2023)

Ta dokument določa preskusno metodo z uporabo visokofrekvenčnega merilnika (HFRR) za ocenjevanje mazalne sposobnosti dizelskih goriv, vključno z gorivi, ki lahko vsebujejo dodatek za večanje mazalne sposobnosti. Opisuje dve metodi za merjenje obrabne ploskve, in sicer metodo A – digitalno snemanje in metodo B – opazovanje.
Ta preskusna metoda se uporablja za goriva v dizelskih motorjih.
OPOMBA: Ni znano, ali bo ta preskusna metoda napovedala lastnosti vseh kombinacij dodatkov/goriva, vključno s parafinskimi gorivi, za katera ni bilo opravljeno dodatno korelacijsko preskušanje. Kljub temu niso bili predstavljeni nobeni podatki, ki bi kazali, da takšna goriva niso zajeta.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 26-Sep-2023
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 19 - Petroleum products, lubricants and related products
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 19 - Petroleum products, lubricants and related products
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 27-Sep-2023
• Completion Date: 27-Sep-2023
• Ref Project: SIST EN ISO 12156-1:2023 - Diesel fuel - Assessment of lubricity using the high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) - Part 1: Test method (ISO 12156-1:2023)

Relations

• Replaces: EN ISO 12156-1:2018 - Diesel fuel - Assessment of lubricity using the high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) - Part 1: Test method (ISO 12156-1:2018)
• Effective Date: 05-Oct-2022

Overview

EN ISO 12156-1:2023 (ISO 12156-1:2023) defines a standardized laboratory test method using the high‑frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) with a digital camera to assess diesel fuel lubricity. The method covers petroleum‑based middle distillate fuels, paraffinic diesel fuels and biodiesel blends, with or without lubricity additives, for HFRR wear scar diameters (WSDs) in the range 350 µm to 700 µm. It applies to fuels used in diesel engines and supersedes the 2018 edition.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Test principle - HFRR reciprocating contact to generate and measure a wear scar; digital imaging to determine WSD.
• Scope limits - Applicable fuels: middle distillates, paraffinic diesel, biodiesel blends; WSD range 350–700 µm.
• Apparatus and materials - Specification of HFRR rig components, test balls/plates and required materials (normative references include ISO 3290‑1, ISO 683‑17).
• Sampling and preparation - Guidance on representative sampling and apparatus preparation prior to testing.
• Calibration and corrections - Mandatory checks for temperature, frequency, stroke length, test duration and overall rig performance before test execution.
• Test procedure - Stepwise instructions to perform HFRR runs, capture digital images and measure wear scars.
• Measurement and reporting - Methods for measuring WSD (see Annex A) and required data elements in the test report.
• Precision and quality control - Repeatability and reproducibility statements (precision updated using linear transformation per ISO 4259‑1).
• Safety and limitations - Warning on hazardous materials and a note that the method may not predict performance for all additive/fuel combinations.

Practical applications

• Fuel quality control - Routine batch testing to ensure diesel and biodiesel blends meet lubricity specifications.
• Additive evaluation - Screening and comparing lubricity‑enhancing additives and formulations.
• R&D and formulation - Supporting development of new fuels and biofuel blends with acceptable lubricating properties.
• Component protection - Informing selection of fuels to reduce wear in injection pumps and injectors (with the caveat that correlation depends on specific fuel/hardware combinations).
• Regulatory and procurement - Evidence for compliance with lubricity requirements in fuel specifications and contracts.

Who should use this standard

• Fuel producers and blenders
• Additive manufacturers and formulators
• Independent and in‑house testing laboratories
• Engine and injector manufacturers (for compatibility assessments)
• Standards bodies and regulatory agencies

Related standards

• ISO 12156 series (other parts)
• ISO 3170 / ISO 3171 (sampling)
• ISO 3290‑1, ISO 683‑17 (balls/steel specifications)
• ISO 6507‑1 / ISO 6508‑1 (hardness testing)

EN ISO 12156-1:2023 is the authoritative reference for HFRR diesel lubricity testing-use it for reproducible, comparable lubricity data while noting its stated limitations for some additive/fuel combinations.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2023
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 12156-1:2019
Dizelsko gorivo - Ocenjevanje mazalne sposobnosti z visokofrekvenčnim
merilnikom (HFRR) - 1. del: Preskusna metoda (ISO 12156-1:2023)
Diesel fuel - Assessment of lubricity using the high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) -
Part 1: Test method (ISO 12156-1:2023)
Dieselkraftstoff - Bewertung der Schmierfähigkeit mit dem Hochfrequenz-
Rundlaufprüfstand (HFRR) - Teil 1: Prüfverfahren (ISO 12156-1:2023)
Carburant diesel - Évaluation du pouvoir lubrifiant au banc alternatif à haute fréquence
(HFRR) - Partie 1: Méthode d'essai (ISO 12156-1:2023)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 12156-1:2023
ICS:
75.160.20 Tekoča goriva Liquid fuels
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 12156-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2023
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 75.160.20 Supersedes EN ISO 12156-1:2018
English Version
Diesel fuel - Assessment of lubricity using the high-
frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) - Part 1: Test method
(ISO 12156-1:2023)
Carburant diesel - Évaluation du pouvoir lubrifiant au Dieselkraftstoff - Bewertung der Schmierfähigkeit mit
banc alternatif à haute fréquence (HFRR) - Partie 1: dem Hochfrequenz-Rundlaufprüfstand (HFRR) - Teil 1:
Méthode d'essai (ISO 12156-1:2023) Prüfverfahren (ISO 12156-1:2023)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 September 2023.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 12156-1:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 12156-1:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28
"Petroleum and related products, fuels and lubricants from natural or synthetic sources" in
collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and related
products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin” the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2024, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by March 2024.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 12156-1:2018.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 12156-1:2023 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 12156-1:2023 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12156-1
Fifth edition
2023-09
Diesel fuel — Assessment of
lubricity using the high-frequency
reciprocating rig (HFRR) —
Part 1:
Test method
Carburant diesel — Évaluation du pouvoir lubrifiant au banc
alternatif à haute fréquence (HFRR) —
Partie 1: Méthode d'essai
Reference number
ISO 12156-1:2023(E)
ISO 12156-1:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 12156-1:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Reagents and materials . 2
6 Apparatus . 3
7 Sampling . 5
8 Preparation and calibration . 6
8.1 Preparation of apparatus . 6
8.1.1 Test plates and balls . 6
8.1.2 Hardware . 6
8.2 Calibration and correction . 6
8.2.1 Temperature . 6
8.2.2 Frequency . 6
8.2.3 Stroke length . 6
8.2.4 Test duration . 6
8.2.5 Test rig performance . 6
9 Test procedure .7
10 Measurement of wear scar . 8
11 Test results . 8
12 Precision . 8
12.1 General . 8
12.2 Repeatability, r. 8
12.3 Reproducibility, R . 9
13 Test report . 9
Annex A (informative) Measurement of HFRR wear scars .10
Bibliography .13
iii
ISO 12156-1:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28, Petroleum and related products, fuels
and lubricants from natural or synthetic sources, in collaboration with the European Committee for
Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 19, Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and related
products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin, in accordance with the Agreement on technical
cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition (ISO 12156-1:2018), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— the scope has been broadened;
— a new precision statement has been added using linear transformation as required by ISO 4259-1;
— “Method B” Visual Observation has been removed.
A list of all parts in the ISO 12156 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
ISO 12156-1:2023(E)
Introduction
All diesel fuel injection equipment has some reliance on diesel fuel as a lubricant. Wear due to excessive
friction resulting in shortened life of engine components, such as diesel fuel injection pumps and
injectors, has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in the fuel.
The relationship of test results to diesel injection equipment component distress due to wear has been
demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the
operation of the component. Test results from fuels tested using this procedure have been found to
correlate with many fuel/hardware combinations and provide an adequate prediction of the lubricating
quality of the fuel. The correlation of biodiesel blends has been validated through 15 years of field
experience and anecdotal data.
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12156-1:2023(E)
Diesel fuel — Assessment of lubricity using the high-
frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) —
Part 1:
Test method
WARNING — Application of this document may involve the use of hazardous materials, operations,
and equipment. This document does not purport to address all the safety problems associated
with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety
and health practices, and to determine the applicability of any other restrictions for this
purpose.
1 Scope
This document specifies a test method using the high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) with a digital
camera, for assessing the lubricating property of petroleum-based middle distillate fuels, paraffinic
diesel fuels, and biodiesel blends, with or without lubricity enhancing additives, and with HFRR wear
scar diameters (WSDs) of 350 μm to 700 μm.
This test method applies to fuels used in diesel engines.
NOTE It is not known if this test method can predict the performance of all additive/fuel combinations.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 683-17, Heat-treated steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels — Part 17: Ball and roller bearing steels
ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids — Manual sampling
ISO 3171, Petroleum liquids — Automatic pipeline sampling
ISO 3290-1, Rolling bearings — Balls — Part 1: Steel balls
ISO 5272, Toluene for industrial use — Specifications
ISO 6507-1, Metallic materials — Vickers hardness test — Part 1: Test method
ISO 6508-1, Metallic materials — Rockwell hardness test — Part 1: Test method
ISO 21920-3, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Surface texture: Profile — Part 3: Specification
operators
ASTM D4306: 2020, Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO 12156-1:2023(E)
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
boundary lubrication
condition in which the friction and wear between two surfaces in relative motion are determined by
the properties of the surfaces and the properties of the contacting fluid, other than bulk viscosity
Note 1 to entry: Metal to metal contact occurs and the chemistry of t
...