EN 16377:2013
(Main)Characterization of waste - Determination of brominated flame retardants (BFR) in solid waste
Characterization of waste - Determination of brominated flame retardants (BFR) in solid waste
This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of selected polybrominated flame retardants (BFR), chemically known as polybrominated diphenylethers (BDE), in waste materials using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the electron impact (EI) ionisation mode (GC-EI-MS).
When applying GC-EI-MS, the method is applicable to samples containing 100 µg/kg to 5 000 µg/kg of tetra- to octabromodiphenylether congeners and 100 µg/kg to 10 000 µg/kg of decabromo diphenylether (see Table 1). It is also possible to analyse other brominated flame retardants applying the method described in this European Standard, provided the method's applicability has been proven.
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Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Bestimmung bromierter Flammschutzmittel (BFR) in Feststoffabfall
Diese Europäische Norm legt ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung ausgewählter polybromierter Flammschutzmittel (BFR), die aus chemischer Sicht polybromierte Diphenylether (BDE) sind, in Abfällen durch gaschromatographische Trennung und massenspektrometrische Bestimmung (GC MS) nach Elektronenstoßionisation (EI) (GC EI MS) fest.
Bei der Anwendung von GC EI MS ist das Verfahren auf Proben anwendbar, die 100 µg/kg bis 5 000 µg/kg Congenere von Tetra bis Octabromdiphenylether bzw. 100 µg/kg bis 10 000 µg/kg Decabromdiphenylether enthalten (siehe Tabelle 1). Es ist außerdem möglich, unter Anwendung des in dieser Europäischen Norm beschriebenen Verfahrens andere bromierte Flammschutzmittel zu analysieren, vorausgesetzt, die Anwendbarkeit des Verfahrens wurde nachgewiesen.
Caractérisation des déchets - Détermination des retardateurs de flamme bromés (BFR) dans les déchets solides
La présente Norme européenne spécifie une méthode de détermination des retardateurs de flamme polybromés (BFR) sélectionnés, connus sous la dénomination chimique éthers diphényliques polybromés (BDE), dans les déchets, par chromatographie en phase gazeuse/spectrométrie de masse (CG-SM) avec ionisation par impact électronique (EI) (CG-EI-SM).
Dans le cas de la CG-EI-SM, la méthode s’applique à des échantillons contenant 100 µg/kg à 5 000 µg/kg de congénères d’éthers diphényliques tétra- à octabromés et 100 µg/kg à 10 000 µg/kg d’éthers diphényliques décabromés (voir le Tableau 1). Il est également possible d’analyser d’autres retardateurs de flamme bromés en appliquant la méthode décrite dans la présente Norme européenne, à condition que son applicabilité ait été démontrée.
Karakterizacija odpadkov - Določevanje bromiranih zaviralcev gorenja (BFR) v trdnih odpadkih
General Information
Overview
EN 16377:2013 - Characterization of waste - Determination of brominated flame retardants (BFR) in solid waste - is a CEN method standard for the quantitative analysis of selected polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs) in solid waste using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with electron impact ionisation (GC‑EI‑MS). The method covers sample pretreatment, extraction, clean‑up and GC‑MS measurement and is applicable to typical BDE congeners from tetra‑ to decabromo BDE (including BDE‑47, BDE‑99, BDE‑100, BDE‑153, BDE‑154, BDE‑183 and BDE‑209).
Key Topics and Requirements
- Analytes and measurement range: Applicable to tetra–octabromodiphenyl ethers at ~100 µg/kg to 5 000 µg/kg and decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE‑209) at ~100 µg/kg to 10 000 µg/kg when using GC‑EI‑MS.
- Sample pretreatment: Homogenisation, freeze‑drying, cryo‑grinding for plastics, sieving and storage in the dark at ≈4 °C to prevent photodegradation and losses.
- Extraction techniques: Soxhlet, sonication or pressurised fluid extraction using recommended solvents (toluene highly recommended, acetone/hexane mixes, dichloromethane, etc.).
- Clean‑up: Multi‑layer column chromatography and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) to remove co‑extractives prior to GC‑MS (Annex A).
- Instrumental analysis: Capillary GC with a non‑polar, low‑bleed column and MS detection in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode with electron impact (EI) ionisation.
- Quality control: Use of calibration standards, 13C‑labelled internal standards (usually added after extraction for matrix effects), injection standards, blank determinations and multi‑point calibration (ISO 8466‑1 referenced).
- Contamination and interferences: Natural brominated organics and contaminated labware; baked glassware, solvent blanks and controlled handling are required to minimise background.
Applications and Users
- Who uses EN 16377:2013: Environmental and waste testing laboratories, regulatory agencies, waste management and recycling facilities, remediation consultants and researchers assessing BFRs in solid wastes and recycled materials.
- Practical uses:
- Compliance testing for waste classification and disposal restrictions.
- Characterization of electrical/electronic waste (WEEE), plastics and mixed municipal or industrial solid wastes.
- Screening prior to recycling or thermal treatment to manage BFR‑related risks.
- Research into BFR occurrence, fate and treatment effectiveness.
Related Standards
- EN 14346 - Calculation of dry matter (dry residue/water content)
- EN 15002 - Preparation of test portions from laboratory samples
- ISO 8466‑1 - Calibration and evaluation of analytical methods (statistical evaluation)
Keywords: EN 16377:2013, brominated flame retardants, BFR, BDE, GC‑EI‑MS, waste characterization, solid waste analysis, extraction, clean‑up, BDE‑209.
Frequently Asked Questions
EN 16377:2013 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Characterization of waste - Determination of brominated flame retardants (BFR) in solid waste". This standard covers: This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of selected polybrominated flame retardants (BFR), chemically known as polybrominated diphenylethers (BDE), in waste materials using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the electron impact (EI) ionisation mode (GC-EI-MS). When applying GC-EI-MS, the method is applicable to samples containing 100 µg/kg to 5 000 µg/kg of tetra- to octabromodiphenylether congeners and 100 µg/kg to 10 000 µg/kg of decabromo diphenylether (see Table 1). It is also possible to analyse other brominated flame retardants applying the method described in this European Standard, provided the method's applicability has been proven. (...)
This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of selected polybrominated flame retardants (BFR), chemically known as polybrominated diphenylethers (BDE), in waste materials using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the electron impact (EI) ionisation mode (GC-EI-MS). When applying GC-EI-MS, the method is applicable to samples containing 100 µg/kg to 5 000 µg/kg of tetra- to octabromodiphenylether congeners and 100 µg/kg to 10 000 µg/kg of decabromo diphenylether (see Table 1). It is also possible to analyse other brominated flame retardants applying the method described in this European Standard, provided the method's applicability has been proven. (...)
EN 16377:2013 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 13.030.10 - Solid wastes. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Bestimmung bromierter Flammschutzmittel (BFR) in FeststoffabfallCaractérisation des déchets - Détermination des retardateurs de flamme bromés (BFR) dans les déchets solidesCharacterization of waste - Determination of brominated flame retardants (BFR) in solid waste13.030.10Trdni odpadkiSolid wastesICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 16377:2013SIST EN 16377:2014en,fr,de01-april-2014SIST EN 16377:2014SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 16377
September 2013 ICS 13.030.10 English Version
Characterization of waste - Determination of brominated flame retardants (BFR) in solid waste
Caractérisation des déchets - Détermination des retardateurs de flamme bromés (BFR) dans les déchets solides
Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Bestimmung bromierter Flammschutzmittel (BFR) in Feststoffabfall This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 August 2013.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
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B-1000 Brussels © 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16377:2013: ESIST EN 16377:2014
Clean-up procedures . 16 A.1 Multi-layer column chromatography I (Al2O3), column size: 22 mm × 190 mm . 16 A.2 Multi-layer column chromatography II (Silica), column size: 22 mm × 190 mm . 16 A.3 Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) . 18 Annex B (informative)
Examples of separation conditions in gas chromatography and mass spectrometry . 20 Annex C (informative)
Typical ions and time windows for electron impact ionisation detection . 22 Annex D (informative)
Examples of chromatograms . 23 Annex E (informative)
Precision data . 25 Annex F (informative)
Summary of general requirements and recommendations . 27 Bibliography . 28
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