CEN/TR 16365:2012
(Main)Characterization of waste - Sampling of waste from extractive industries
Characterization of waste - Sampling of waste from extractive industries
This Technical Report gives additional and specific information on sampling for testing of waste from the extractive industry to support the development of appropriate sampling plans. This supplementary guidance to EN 14899 is required because waste from the extractive industry differs considerably from the waste types and sampling scenarios covered in the existing technical reports (CEN/TR 15310-1 to -5) that support the Framework Standard. This guidance document should be used in conjunction with EN 14899 and its supporting technical reports CEN/TR 15310-1 to -5.
The approach to sampling described in this document is primarily focused on the requirements to undertake mineralogical and geochemical testing of the waste. Whilst much of the background information provided is also relevant to geotechnical investigations there may be important additional requirements or differences in approach for determining relevant physical parameters. For example, many geotechnical parameters are determined using field tests, which are not discussed in this document. References to alternative source documentation are provided.
The guidance provided in this document applies only to above-ground exposure to radio-nuclides present in the undisturbed earth crust and not to the production, processing, handling use, holding, storage, transport, or disposal of radioactive substances that are or have been processed for their radioactive, fissile or fertile properties.
This Technical Report provides some discussion of current best practice, but is not exhaustive. To clarify the text, the document provides a number of worked examples in the Annexes.
Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Probenahme von Abfällen der mineralgewinnenden Industrie
Caractérisation des déchets - Echantillonnage des déchets issus des industries extractives
Karakterizacija odpadkov - Vzorčenje odpadkov iz industrije bogatenja mineralnih surovin
To tehnično poročilo podaja dodatne in specifične informacije o vzorčenju za preskušanje odpadkov iz industrije bogatenja mineralnih surovin, da se podpre razvoj ustreznih načrtov vzorčenja. Ti dodatni napotki k standardu EN 14899 so potrebni zato, ker se odpadki iz industrije bogatenja mineralnih snovi znatno razlikujejo od vrst odpadkov in primerov vzorčenja, opisanih v obstoječih tehničnih poročilih (CEN/TR 15310-1 do -5), ki podpirajo okvirni standard. Ta dokument z napotki naj bi se uporabljal skupaj s standardom EN 14899 in z njegovimi podpornimi tehničnimi poročili CEN/TR 15310-1 do -5. Pristop k vzorčenju, opisan v tem dokumentu, se osredotoča predvsem na zahteve za izvajanje mineraloških in geokemičnih preskusov odpadkov. Velik del podanih dodatnih informacij velja tudi za geotehnične raziskave, vendar lahko obstajajo pomembne dodatne zahteve ali razlike v pristopu za ugotavljanje ustreznih fizičnih parametrov. Številni geotehnični parametri se na primer določijo s terenskimi preskusi, ki jih ta dokument ne obravnava. Podani so sklici na dokumentacijo iz drugih virov. Smernice iz tega dokumenta se uporabljajo samo za nadtalno izpostavljenost radionuklidom, ki so prisotni v nemoteni zemeljski skorji, ne pa tudi za proizvodnjo, predelavo, ravnanje, uporabo, zadrževanje, shranjevanje, prevoz ali odstranjevanje radioaktivnih snovi, ki se predelujejo ali so se predelovale zaradi svojih radioaktivnih, cepljivih ali oplodnih lastnosti. To tehnično poročilo vsebuje razpravo o sedanjih najboljših praksah, vendar ta razprava ni izčrpna. V dodatkih dokumenta so za pojasnitev besedila navedeni številni delujoči primeri.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2013
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Characterization of waste - Sampling of waste from extractive industries
Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Probenahme von Abfällen aus der mineralgewinnenden
Industrie
Caractérisation des déchets - Echantillonnage des déchets issus des industries
extractives
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 16365:2012
ICS:
13.030.10 Trdni odpadki Solid wastes
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN/TR 16365
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
October 2012
ICS 13.030.10; 73.020
English Version
Characterization of waste - Sampling of waste from extractive
industries
Caractérisation des déchets - Echantillonnage des déchets Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Probenahme von Abfällen
issus des industries extractives aus der mineralgewinnenden Industrie
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 13 May 2012. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 292.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 16365:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents
Foreword .3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .6
2 Key elements of a sampling plan .6
2.1 General .6
2.2 Identify involved parties (EN 14899:2005, 4.2.1) .6
2.3 Identify general objectives (EN 14899:2005, 4.2.2) .8
2.4 Collect background information and undertake field inspection (EN 14899:2005, 4.2.5) .8
2.4.1 General .8
2.4.2 Existing information .8
2.4.3 Field inspection .9
2.4.4 Analogous sites . 10
2.5 Determine specific objectives and corresponding level of testing (EN 14899, 4.2.3) . 10
2.5.1 Introduction . 10
2.5.2 Determine the level of testing . 11
2.5.3 Determine the required number and size of samples . 13
2.6 Identify constituents to be tested (EN 14899:2005, 4.2.4) . 14
2.7 Identify health and safety precautions (EN 14899:2005, 4.2.6) . 14
2.8 Select sampling approach (EN 14899:2005, 4.2.7, and CEN/TR 15310-1:2006, Clause 4) . 15
2.8.1 General . 15
2.8.2 Determine the practical instructions . 23
2.9 Identify the most appropriate sampling technique (EN 14899:2005, 4.2.8, and
CEN/TR 15310-2) . 29
3 Sample handling in the field . 33
3.1 General . 33
3.2 Sub-sampling . 34
3.3 Sample preparation and storage (CEN/TR 15310-4). 35
3.3.1 General . 35
3.3.2 Packaging . 35
3.3.3 Preparation and storage . 36
3.4 Transport the sample to the laboratory (EN 14899:2005, 5.2, and CEN/TR 15310-4) . 37
4 Documentation (long and short form of sampling plan) . 37
4.1 Document the sampling plan and produce instructions for the sampler (EN 14899:2005,
Clause 6) . 37
4.2 Produce a field sampling record (EN 14899) . 37
5 Sampling (EN 14899:2005, 5.1) . 38
6 Sampling uncertainty and other issues . 39
Annex A (informative) Example sampling plans for waste characterization for exploration,
operation and closure stages of extractive industries . 40
A.1 General . 40
A.2 Example detailed sampling plan for exploration stage . 40
A.3 Example short form sampling plan for exploration/ permitting stage . 47
A.4 Operation stage – Simple system – Aggregate quarry . 49
Annex B (informative) Example sampling record . 53
Bibliography . 54
Foreword
This document (CEN/TR 16365:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 292
“Characterization of waste”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
The preparation of this document by CEN is based on a mandate by the European Commission (Mandate
M/395), which assigned the development of standards on the characterization of waste from extractive
industries.
This Technical Report is intended to supplement the existing series of five Technical Reports dealing with
sampling techniques and procedures for waste, and provides specific information for sampling of waste from
the extractive industry. It follows the principles laid down in EN 14899, Characterization of waste Sampling
of waste materials Framework for the preparation and application of a Sampling Plan. Further information
on the relationship between the production of a sampling plan and the overall testing programme objectives
can be found in CEN/TR 15310-5.
CEN/TR 15310-1, Characterization of waste — Sampling of waste materials — Part 1: Guidance on
selection and application of criteria for sampling under various conditions;
CEN/TR 15310-2, Characterization of waste — Sampling of waste materials — Part 2: Guidance on
sampling techniques;
CEN/TR 15310-3, Characterization of waste — Sampling of waste materials — Part 3: Guidance on
procedures for sub-sampling in the field;
CEN/TR 15310-4, Characterization of waste — Sampling of waste materials — Part 4: Guidance on
procedures for sample packaging, storage, preservation, transport and delivery;
CEN/TR 15310-5, Characterization of waste — Sampling of waste materials — Part 5: Guidance on the
process of defining the sampling plan.
This Technical Report focuses mainly on sampling for geochemical rather than geotechnical requirements.
Sampling for geotechnical requirements is only addressed to a limited extent and references are made to
existing documentation. The Technical Report elaborates on a range of potential approaches and tools of
specific relevance to the sampling and testing of wastes from the extractive industry. This approach enables
the project manager to tailor his sampling plan to a specific testing scenario and continues the ‘shop shelf’
approach to sampling plan development for waste testing outlined in CEN/TR 15310-1 to -5. This approach
allows flexibility in the selection of the sampling approach, sampling point, method of sampling and equipment
used. It provides the necessary background information pertaining to the factors that influence the choice of
these detailed components of the sampling exercise, and information on the necessary statistical choices that
can then be applied to determine the most appropriate testing programme for any given sampling scenario.
This Technical Report also makes references to the overall guidance document for characterization of waste
from extractive industries (CEN/TR 16376) which gives guidance and recommendations on the application of
methods for the characterization of waste from extractive industries.
Introduction
The guidance outlined in this Technical Report is focused on the key elements to be considered in the
development of a sampling plan for extractive waste. This report should be used in conjunction with EN 14899
and its supporting technical reports and is intended to supplement the information contained in these
documents with specific and essential information relevant to the sampling of waste from the extractive
industry. Where appropriate this report also makes reference to the overall guidance document for
characterization of waste from extractive industries (CEN/TR 16376) which gives guidance and
1)
recommendations on the application of methods for the characterization of waste from extractive industries .
1) Specific features of extractive waste
The extractive industry includes, metal mines, rock quarries, salt mines, coal mines, sand and gravel,
limestone and onshore oil and gas operations. When mineralogical material is extracted it is exposed to
changes in physico-chemical conditions, which may result in chemical and physical instability of previously
stable geological material.
The life cycle of extractive industries starts with the early phase of exploration through operation to closure
and after care. In the context of sampling three phases have been defined in this document:
exploration (including design and permitting);
operation (extraction and processing, including transport and deposition of waste); and
closure (including existing waste deposits).
From a sampling perspective different sampling scenarios may be more relevant than the operational phases.
For example sampling from diamond drill cores may take place both during exploration and operation,
sampling at existing waste rock dumps and tailings facilities may take place both during operation and at
closed sites. Both operational phases and sampling scenarios are used as parallel concepts in this document.
One significant feature that makes characterization of extractive waste different from waste characterization in
general is the fact that sampling and characterization ideally take place before the waste is produced, i.e.
based on drill cores (or drill mud) from exploration drilling. Characterization during exploration is critical since
subsequent waste management plans are developed on the basis of this information. However, the availability
of material for sampling and characterization at the exploration stage is commonly limited which means that
follow-up checks to ensure that the initial data and interpretation are correct will often be needed during
operation. If pilot scale tests, extraction and/or processing, are carried out this will have the added benefit of
producing a larger number of potential samples for sampling and testing as well as giving the opportunity to
sample process waste, i.e. tailings. While the majority of waste is commonly produced during the operation
phase of a mine, waste characterization needs to be considered for all phases of the mine life.
The operational phase of a mine or quarry encompasses all the activities from mineral deposit development to
detailed planning for closur
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