EN 60079-28:2015

Explosive atmospheres - Part 28: Protection of equipment and transmission systems using optical radiation

IEC 60079-28:2015 is available as IEC 60079-28:2015 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition. IEC 60079-28:2015 specifies the requirements, testing and marking of equipment emitting optical radiation intended for use in explosive atmospheres. It also covers equipment located outside the explosive atmosphere or protected by a Type of Protection listed in IEC 60079-0, but which generates optical radiation that is intended to enter an explosive atmosphere. It covers Groups I, II and III, and EPLs Ga, Gb, Gc, Da, Db, Dc, Ma and Mb. This standard does not cover ignition by ultraviolet radiation and by absorption of the radiation in the explosive mixture itself. Explosive absorbers or absorbers that contain their own oxidizer as well as catalytic absorbers are also outside the scope of this standard. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, published in 2006, and constitutes a technical revision. Refer to the Foreword of the document for a complete listing of the technical changes between edition 2.0 and previous edition of the document. Keywords: equipment emitting optical radiation intended for use in explosive atmospheres

Explosionsgefährdete Bereiche - Teil 28: Schutz von Geräten und Übertragungssystemen, die mit optischer Strahlung arbeiten

Atmosphères explosives - Partie 28: Protection du matériel et des systèmes de transmission utilisant le rayonnement optique

L'IEC 60079-28:2015 est disponible sous forme de IEC 60079-28:2015 RLV qui contient la Norme internationale et sa version Redline, illustrant les modifications du contenu technique depuis l'édition précédente. L'IEC 60079-28:2015 spécifie les exigences, les essais et le marquage du matériel émettant des rayonnements optiques destiné à être utilisé dans des atmosphères explosives. Elle couvre également le matériel situé à l'extérieur de l'atmosphère explosive ou protégé par un mode de protection indiqué dans l'IEC 60079-0, mais qui génère des rayonnements optiques qui sont destinés à pénétrer dans une atmosphère explosive. Elle couvre les Groupes I, II et III, et les EPL Ga, Gb, Gc, Da, Db, Dc, Ma et Mb. La présente norme ne couvre pas l'inflammation par rayonnement ultraviolet et par absorption du rayonnement dans le mélange explosif lui-même. Les absorbeurs explosifs ou absorbeurs qui contiennent leur propre oxydant/comburant de même que les absorbeurs catalytiques sont également hors du domaine d'application de la présente norme. Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition, parue en 2006. Cette édition constitue une révision technique. Reportez-vous à l'avant-propos du document pour une liste complète des modifications techniques entre l'édition 2.0 et édition précédente du document. Mots clés: matériel émettant des rayonnements optiques destiné à être utilisé dans des atmosphères explosives.

Eksplozivne atmosfere - 28. del: Zaščita opreme, ki uporablja optično sevanje, in sistemov za prenos optičnega sevanja (IEC 60079-28:2015)

Ta del standarda IEC 60079 določa zahteve, preskušanje in označevanje opreme, ki oddaja optično sevanje in je namenjena za uporabo v eksplozivnih atmosferah. Obravnava tudi opremo, ki se uporablja zunaj eksplozivne atmosfere ali je zaščitena z vrsto zaščite, navedeno v standardu IEC 60079-0, vendar oddaja optično sevanje, ki je predvideno za vhod v eksplozivno atmosfero. Obravnava skupine I, II in III ter ravni zaščite opreme Ga, Gb, Gc, Da, Db, Dc, Ma in Mb. Ta standard vključuje zahteve za optično sevanje z valovno dolžino od 380 nm do 10 μm. Obravnava naslednje vžigalne mehanizme:
• Pri absorbiranju optičnega sevanja se površine ali delci v posebnih okoliščinah segrejejo celo do temperature, pri kateri lahko pride do vžiga v določeni eksplozivni atmosferi.
• V nekaterih redkih posebnih primerih je neposredno usmerjen močan laserski žarek razčlenil plin ter pri tem ustvaril plazmo in povzročil tlačni skok, ki sta sčasoma postala vir vžiga.
Te procese lahko spodbudi trden material v bližini točke razčlenitve.
OPOMBA 1: Glejte točki a) in d) v uvodu.
Ta standard ne obravnava vžiga zaradi ultravijoličnega sevanja in absorbiranja sevanja v sami eksplozivni mešanici. Eksplozivni absorberji ali absorberji, ki vsebujejo lastne oksidante, oziroma katalitični absorberji so zunaj področja uporabe tega standarda. Ta standard določa zahteve za opremo, predvideno za uporabo v atmosferskih pogojih.
Ta standard dopolnjuje in spreminja splošne zahteve standarda IEC 60079-0. Kadar je zahteva iz tega standarda v nasprotju z zahtevo iz standarda IEC 60079-0, ima prednost zahteva iz tega standarda.
Ta standard se uporablja za opremo z optičnimi vlakni in optično opremo, vključno z opremo LED in lasersko opremo, ne uporablja pa se za to opremo:
1) Nerazporejeni viri razpršene svetlobe LED, ki se na primer uporabljajo za prikaz stanja opreme ali osvetlitev ozadja.
2) Vse svetilke (nepremične, prenosne ali premične), ročne in naglavne svetilke, ki so predvidene za napajanje prek omrežja (z galvansko ločitvijo ali brez) ali baterij:
– z viri neprekinjene razpršene svetlobe (za vse ravni zaščite opreme);
– s svetlobnimi viri LED (samo za raven zaščite opreme Gc ali Dc).
OPOMBA 2: Viri neprekinjene razpršene svetlobe LED za ravni zaščite opreme, ki niso Gc ali Dc, niso izključeni iz standarda, in sicer zaradi pomislekov glede morebitnega vžiga v povezavi z visoki ravnjo obsevanja.
3) Viri optičnega sevanja za uporabo ravni zaščite opreme Mb, Gb ali Gc in Db ali Dc, ki ustrezajo omejitvam Class 1 v skladu s standardom IEC 60825-1.
OPOMBA 3: Navedene omejitve Class 1 vključujejo omejitve emisij pod 15 mW, izmerjene na razdalji od vira optičnega sevanja v skladu s standardom IEC 60825-1, pri čemer se ta izmerjena razdalja navezuje na uporabo v eksplozivni atmosferi.
4) Kabli iz enorodnih ali večrodnih optičnih vlaken niso del opreme z optičnimi vlakni, če kabli:
– izpolnjujejo zahteve ustreznih industrijskih standardov skupaj z dodatnimi zaščitnimi ukrepi, kot so odporna zaščita okablenja, voda ali tečišča (za ravni zaščite opreme Gb, Db, Mb, Gc ali Dc);
– izpolnjujejo zahteve ustreznih industrijskih standardov (samo za raven zaščite opreme Gc ali Dc).
5) oprema, zaprta z ohišjem, ki povsem zadržuje optično sevanje in je v skladu z ustrezno vrsto zaščite, kot to zahteva povezana raven zaščite opreme, pri čemer ohišje izpolnjuje enega od teh pogojev:
– ohišje, pri uporabi katerega bi bil vžig zaradi optičnega sevanja v kombinaciji z absorberji v njegovi notranjosti sprejemljiv, npr. ognjevarno ohišje »d« (IEC 60079-1); ali
– ohišje z zaščito proti vdoru eksplozivne plinske atmosfere, npr. ohišje v nadtlaku »p« (IEC 60079-2) ali ohišje z omejeno prepustnostjo »nR« (IEC 60079-15); ali
– ohišje z zaščito proti vdoru eksplozivne prašne atmosfere, npr. protiprašno ohišje »t« (IEC 60079-31); ali
– ohišje z zaščito proti vdoru absorberjev (npr. ohišja IP 6X), v katerem notranji absorberji niso pričakovani.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 17-Sep-2015
• Withdrawal Date: 30-Jun-2018
• ICS: 29.260.20 - Electrical apparatus for explosive atmospheres
• Technical Committee: CLC/TC 31 - Electrical apparatus for explosive atmospheres - General requirements
• Drafting Committee: IEC/TC 31 - Electrical apparatus for potentially explosive atmospheres
• Current Stage: 6060 - Document made available - Publishing
• Start Date: 18-Sep-2015
• Completion Date: 18-Sep-2015
• Directive: 2014/34/EU - Directive 2014/34/EU Of The European Parliament And Of The Council of 26 February 2014 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres (recast)
• Directive: 94/9/EC - Directive 94/9/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 23 March 1994 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres
• Ref Project: SIST EN 60079-28:2015 - Explosive atmospheres - Part 28: Protection of equipment and transmission systems using optical radiation (IEC 60079-28:2015)

Relations

• Replaces: EN 60079-28:2007 - Explosive atmospheres - Part 28: Protection of equipment and transmission systems using optical radiation
• Effective Date: 28-Jan-2023
• Amended By: EN 60079-28:2015/A11:2024 - Explosive atmospheres - Part 28: Protection of equipment and transmission systems using optical radiation
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2015
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 60079-28:2007
(NVSOR]LYQHDWPRVIHUHGHO=DãþLWDRSUHPHNLXSRUDEOMDRSWLþQRVHYDQMHLQ
VLVWHPRY]DSUHQRVRSWLþQHJDVHYDQMD,(&
Explosive atmospheres - Part 28: Protection of equipment and transmission systems
using optical radiation (IEC 60079-28:2015)
Explosionsgefährdete Bereiche - Teil 28: Schutz von Geräten und
Übertragungssystemen, die mit optischer Strahlung arbeiten (IEC 60079-28:2015)
Atmosphères explosives - Partie 28: Protection du matériel et des systèmes de
transmission utilisant le rayonnement optique (IEC 60079-28:2015)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60079-28:2015
ICS:
29.260.20 (OHNWULþQLDSDUDWL]D Electrical apparatus for
HNVSOR]LYQDR]UDþMD explosive atmospheres
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60079-28

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2015
ICS 29.260.20 Supersedes EN 60079-28:2007
English Version
Explosive atmospheres - Part 28: Protection of equipment and
transmission systems using optical radiation
(IEC 60079-28:2015)
Atmosphères explosives - Partie 28: Protection du matériel  Explosionsgefährdete Bereiche - Teil 28: Schutz von
et des systèmes de transmission utilisant le rayonnement Geräten und Übertragungssystemen, die mit optischer
optique Strahlung arbeiten
(IEC 60079-28:2015) (IEC 60079-28:2015)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2015-07-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.

European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN 60079-28:2015 E
European foreword
The text of document 31/1178/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 60079-28, prepared by IEC/TC 31 "Equipment
for explosive atmospheres" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC
as EN 60079-28:2015.
The following dates are fixed:
(dop) 2016-04-01
• latest date by which the document has to be
implemented at national level by
publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
(dow) 2018-07-01
• latest date by which the national
standards conflicting with the
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 60079-28:2007.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CENELEC by the European Commission and
the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive.

For the relationship with EU Directive see informative Annex ZZ, which is an integral part of this document.

Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60079-28:2015 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
IEC 60079-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60079-2.
IEC 60079-10-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60079-10-1.
IEC 60079-10-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60079-10-2.
IEC 60079-31 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60079-31.
IEC 61508 (series) NOTE Harmonized as EN 61508 (series).
IEC 60825-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60825-1.
IEC 61511 (series) NOTE Harmonized as EN 61511 (series).

Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE 1 When an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD

applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here:
www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

IEC 60050 -  International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - -
(IEV)
IEC 60079-0 -  Explosive atmospheres -- Part 0: Equipment - EN 60079-0 -
General requirements
IEC 60079-1 -  Explosive atmospheres -- Part 1: Equipment EN 60079-1 -
protection by flameproof enclosures "d"
IEC 60079-11 -  Explosive atmospheres -- Part 11: Equipment EN 60079-11 -
protection by intrinsic safety "i"
IEC 60079-15 -  Explosive atmospheres -- Part 15: Equipment EN 60079-15 -
protection by type of protection "n"
IEC 60825-2 -  Safety of laser products -- Part 2: Safety of EN 60825-2 -
optical fibre communication systems (OFCS)

Annex ZZ
(informative)
Coverage of Essential Requirements of EC Directives

This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CENELEC by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association and within its scope the standard covers only
the following essential requirements out of those given in Annex II of the EC Directive 2014/34/EU.

– ER 1.0.1 to ER 1.0.4, ER 1.05 (partly)
– ER 1.2.1, ER 1.2.4, ER 1.2.5 (partly), ER 1.2.6, ER 1.2.8, ER 1.2.9
– ER 1.3.1
– ER 1.5.1
– ER 2.0.1
– ER 2.0.2
– ER 2.1.1
– ER 2.1.2
– ER 2.2.1
– ER 2.2.2
– ER 2.3.1
– ER 2.3.2
Compliance with this standard provides one means of conformity with the specified essential
requirements of the Directive[s] concerned.

WARNING: Other requirements and other EC Directives may be applicable to the products falling
within the scope of this standard.
IEC 60079-28 ®
Edition 2.0 2015-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Explosive atmospheres –
Part 28: Protection of equipment and transmission systems using optical

radiation
Atmosphères explosives –
Partie 28: Protection du matériel et des systèmes de transmission utilisant le

rayonnement optique
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.260.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-2679-7

– 2 – IEC 60079-28:2015 © IEC 2015
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 8
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 10
3 Terms and definitions . 10
4 General requirements . 13
5 Types of protection . 13
5.1 General . 13
5.2 Requirements for inherently safe optical radiation “op is” . 14
5.2.1 General . 14
5.2.2 Continuous wave radiation . 14
5.2.3 Pulsed radiation . 18
5.2.4 Ignition tests . 19
5.2.5 Over-power/energy fault protection . 19
5.3 Requirements for protected optical radiation “op pr” . 20
5.3.1 General . 20
5.3.2 Radiation inside optical fibre or cable . 20
5.3.3 Radiation inside enclosures . 21
5.4 Optical system with interlock “op sh” . 21
6 Type verifications and tests . 22
6.1 Test set-up for ignition tests . 22
6.1.1 General . 22
6.1.2 Test vessel . 22
6.1.3 Criteria to determine ignition . 23
6.2 Verification of suitability of test set-up for type tests . 23
6.2.1 Reference gas . 23
6.2.2 Reference absorber . 23
6.2.3 Reference test for continuous wave radiation and pulses above 1 s
duration . 23
6.2.4 Reference test for pulsed radiation below 1 ms pulse duration . 23
6.3 Type tests . 24
6.3.1 Ignition tests with continuous wave radiation and pulses above 1 s
duration . 24
6.3.2 Ignition tests with single pulses less than 1 ms duration . 24
6.3.3 Tests for pulse trains and pulses from 1 ms to 1 s duration . 24
6.3.4 Absorber targets for type tests . 24
6.3.5 Test acceptance criteria and safety factors . 25
7 Marking . 25
Annex A (informative) Reference test data . 27
Annex B (informative) Ignition mechanisms . 28
Annex C (normative) Ignition hazard assessment . 33
Annex D (informative) Typical optical fibre cable design . 35
Annex E (normative) Flow diagram for the assessment of pulses . 36
Bibliography . 37

IEC 60079-28:2015 © IEC 2015 – 3 –
Figure 1 – Optical ignition delay times and safe boundary curve with safety factor of 2 . 22
Figure B.1 – Minimum radiant igniting power with inert absorber target (α
=83 %, α =93 %) and continuous wave-radiation of 1064 nm . 31
nm 805 nm
Figure B.2 – Minimum radiant igniting power with inert absorber target
(α nm=83 %, α nm=93 %) and continuous wave-radiation (PTB: 1064 nm,
1 064 805
HSL: 805 nm, [8]: 803 nm) for some n-alkanes . 32
Figure C.1 – Ignition hazard assessment . 33
Figure D.1 – Example Multi-Fibre Optical Cable Design For Heavy Duty Applications . 35
Figure D.2 – Typical Single Optical Fibre Cable Design . 35
Figure E.1 – Flow diagram for the assessment of pulses according to 5.2.3 . 36

Table 1 – EPLs achieved by application of types of protection for optical systems .
...