Amendment 2 - Electric cables - Calculation of the current rating - Part 1: Current rating equations (100% load factor) and calculation of losses - Section 1: General

Establishes suitable procedures for commissioning, operating and maintaining hydraulic turbines and associated equipment. Applies to impulse and reaction turbines of all types, and especially to large turbines directly coupled to electric generators. Also applies to pump-turbines when operating as turbines, and water conduits, gates, valves, drainage pumps, cooling-water equipment, generators, etc., where they cannot be separated from the turbine and its equipment.

Amendement 2 - Câbles électriques - Calcul du courant admissible - Partie 1: Equations de l'intensité du courant admissible (facteur de charge 100%) et calcul des pertes - Section 1: Généralités

Etablit les modes opératoires pour la réception, l'exploitation et l'entretien des turbines hydrauliques et du matériel associé. S'applique aux turbines à action et à réaction de tous types et notamment aux turbines importantes accouplées directement aux générateurs électriques. S'applique aussi aux pompes-turbines dans leur fonctionnement en turbine ainsi qu'aux amenées d'eau, batardeaux, vannes, pompes d'exhaure, réfrigérants à eau, générateurs, etc., s'ils ne peuvent être dissociés de la turbine et de son équipement.

Vodilo za zagonske preskuse, obratovanje in vzdrževanje

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
26-Aug-2001
Technical Committee
Drafting Committee
Current Stage
DELPUB - Deleted Publication
Completion Date
13-Dec-2006

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IEC 60287-1-1:1994/AMD2:2001 - Amendment 2 - Electric cables - Calculation of the current rating - Part 1: Current rating equations (100% load factor) and calculation of losses - Section 1: General Released:8/27/2001 Isbn:2831859794
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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-1999
Vodilo za zagonske preskuse, obratovanje in vzdrževanje
Guide for commissioning, operation and maintenance of hydraulic turbines
Guide pour la réception, l'exploitation et l'entretien des turbines hydrauliques
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: IEC 60545
ICS:
27.140 Vodna energija Hydraulic energy engineering
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

CEI
NORME
IEC
INTERNATIONALE
INTERNATIONAL
Première édition
STANDARD
First edition
réception, l'exploitation
Guide pour la
des turbines hydrauliques
et l'entretien
Guide for commissioning, operation
and maintenance of hydraulic turbines
de reproduction réservés — Copyright — all rights reserved
© CEI 1976 Droits
Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in
utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun pro- any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
cédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et including photocopying and microfilm, without permission
les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur. in writing from the publisher.
Bureau Central de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale 3, rue de Varembé Genève, Suisse
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale CODE PRIX
International Electrotechnical Commission PRICE CODE
S
IEC ayuapoaHaR 3newrporexHHVecnas KomuconR
Mes
• Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur

For price, see current catalogue

CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD 5
PREFACE 5
CHAPTER I: GENERAL
Clause
1. Scope and object 7
2. Terms and definitions . 7
3. Data on operating conditions 9
CHAPTER II: COMMISSIONING
4. General
5. Test co-ordinator
6. Pre-start tests
7. Initial run 15
8. Test runs
CHAPTER III: OPERATION
9. General 23.
10. Test service period 23
11. Commercial service 25
CHAPTER IV: MAINTENANCE
12. General
13. Basis for maintenance activities 29
14. Restoration to optimum condition 31
15. Re-starting 31
APPENDIX — Measurements 33
-5
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
GUIDE FOR COMMISSIONING, OPERATION
AND MAINTENANCE OF HYDRAULIC TURBINES
FOREWORD
The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters, prepared by Technical Committees on which all the National
1)
Committees having a special interest therein are represented, express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the
subjects dealt with.
2) They have the form of recommendations for international use and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense.
3) In order to promote international unification, the IEC expresses the wish that all National Committees should adopt the text of the IEC
national conditions will permit. Any divergence between the IEC recommendation and
recommendation for their national rules in so far as
as far as possible, be clearly indicated in the latter.
the corresponding national rules should,
PREFACE
dard has been prepared by IEC Technical Committee No. 4, Hydraulic Turbines.
This stan
an maintenance of hydraulic turbines was initiated during the
Work concerning the commissioning, operation d
meeting held in Madrid in 1959. The Committee of Action confirmed that this activity fell within the scope of
Technical Committee No. 4. After the meetings held in Aix-les-Bains in 1964 and in Paris in 1966, a first draft
was prepared in 1970 and a revised draft was circulated in 1972. As a result of the meeting held in Munich in 1973,
a draft, Document «Central Office)30, was submitted to the National Committees for approval under the Six
Months' Rule in February 1974.
The following countries voted explicitly in favour of publication:
Australia Portugal
Austria Romania
Belgium South Africa (Republic of)
Canada Spain
France Sweden
Germany Switzerland
Italy Turkey
Japan Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Norway United Kingdom
Poland United States of America
Other IEC publications quoted in this standard:
Publications Nos. 41 : International Code for the Field Acceptance Tests of Hydraulic Turbines.
193 : International Code for Model Acceptance Tests of Hydraulic Turbines.
193A: First supplement to Publication 193 (1965).
308 : International Code for Testing of Speed Governing Systems for Hydraulic Turbines.

- 7 -
GUIDE FOR COMMISSIONING, OPERATION
AND MAINTENANCE OF HYDRAULIC TURBINES
CHAPTER I: GENERAL
1. Scope and object
The purpose of this guide is to establish, in a general way, suitable procedures for commissioning hydraulic
turbines and associated equipment, and to indicate how such turbines and equipment should be operated and
maintained.
It is understood that a publication of this type will be binding only if, and to the extent that, both contracting
part
ies have agreed upon it.
The guide excludes matters of purely commercial interest, except those inextricably bound up with the conduct
of commissioning, operation and maintenance.
The guide applies to impulse and reaction turbines of all types, and especially to large turbines directly coupled
to electric generators. It applies also to pump-turbines when operating as turbines.
The guide is not concerned with water conduits, gates, valves, drainage pumps, cooling-water equipment,
generators, etc., except where they cannot be separated from the turbine and its equipment.
Wherever the guide specifies that documents, drawings or information shall be supplied by a m anufacturer (or
by manufacturers), each individual m anufacturer shall be required to furnish the appropriate information for his
own supply only.
2. Terms and definitions
Terms
Definitions
2.1 Commissioning Testing of new equipment to check its conformity with contractual
specifications, as well as operation of the equipment until formally
accepted by the purchaser.
2.2 Operation Utilization of the equipment to produce energy, or a state of readiness
for such production.
2.3 Maintenance Activity on the equipment directed to its conservation in a state of
optimum operating condition.
2.4 Pre-start tests
Test between completion of erection of the equipment and initial run.
2.5 Initial run First movement of rotating pa rt
s after erection.
2.6 Test run
Operation to obtain one set of data for a specific test.
2.7 Test operation
Utilization of the equipment for testing purposes.
2.8
Test operation period Test period following initial run and followed by test service. It includes
no-load runs for checking power plant equipment, as well as load runs
and load rejection tests.
- 9 -
2.9. Test service Operation of the equipment for an agreed period, during which the
manufacturer is generally responsible for the way in which it is operated.
Commercial service Operation of the equipment, under the purchaser's responsibility, to
2.10
produce energy, or a state of readiness for such operation.
2.11 Commercial service period Period starting after acceptance and including service periods, as well as
periods when the equipment may be out of operation for maintenance,
inspection, repairs, etc.
Guarantee period Time, extending through an agreed pa rt of the commercial
2.12 service
period, during which the manufacturer has commercial obligations to
correct defects in his equipment in order to bring it into conformity with
the contract. For this purpose, tests in accordance with the appropriate
parts of Sub-clause 11.1.4, shall be performed.
2.13 Inspection Check on the condition of equipment.
Inspection at regular intervals, often combined with incidental repairs.
2.14 Maintenance inspection
Repair Restoration after wear or damage.
2.15
2.16 Modification Change intended to improve perform ance.
2.17 Overhaul Complete inspection with necessary repairs and/or modifications
intended to bring the unit or part of it to, or nearly to, the optimum
functioning condition.
3. Data on operating conditions
3.1 A fundamental requirement for proper operation and maintenance is a satisfactory knowledge of the turbine
and its accessories by the purchaser's personnel.
The manufacturer (manufacturers) shall deliver to the purchaser's responsible representatives all necessary
documents, instructions and information. They shall include:
- general drawings and data;
- material lists, descriptions and test certificates for main parts;
- function diagrams;
- instructions for operation, inspection and maintenance of his supply and tables of measurements as given in the
Appendix;
- assembly and dismantling instructions and/or exploded view of the pa rts;
- safety instructions;
- list of original spare parts, as stated in the contract.
as soon as required
These documents, even in a preliminary form, shall be given to the purchaser's representatives
and, in any case, before the initial run.
r (manufacturers) shall include the following data, some of
3.2 The documents submitted by the m anufacture
which may be amended according to experience gathered during commissioning.
1) Diagram (such as a hill diagram) relating heads, tailwater elevations, flow and output, wicket-gate openings
and operating limits; also, where applicable, runner blade or deflector position.

2) Statement of similitude of model and prototype, according to I EC Publication 193, International Code for
Model Acceptance Tests of Hydraulic Turbines, if appropriate;
3)
Information on turbine inlet and outlet gates, valves and pressure relief valves.
4)
Wicket-gate opening (or needle opening of impulse turbines) for no-load, starting and cavitation limits,
as
functions of head and tailwater levels also, where appropriate, runner blade or deflector position.
5) Turbine governor and servomotor characteristics.
6) Adjustment of overspeed protection device.
7)
Characteristics of the fluids for the governing system. Filter specifications and information on pu ri
fication
frequency and method.
8) Maximum steady-state runaway speed and maximum momentary speed and pressure variations at various
operating heads.
9) Minimum continuous operating speed for initial run (depending on design of thrust bearing and other
bearings).
10) Description of lubrication systems, stating amount and characteristics of lubricants and frequency of
replacement.
11) If applicable, data on jacking system for rotating pa rt
s and maximum time after shut-down before re-start
without operating the jacking system.
12) Speed limits below which operation of the thrust bearing oil injection system is necessary.
13) If applicable, maximum and minimum speeds for brake operation.
14) Intermediate oil levels and p re
ssures at which pumps and compressors should be started or alarms given;
also data for automatic signalling and
emergency devices.
15) Maximum and
minimum temperatures in bearings, seals and
in the oil or fluid pressure circuits (alarm and
shut-down values).
16) Maximum
and minimum pressures, flows and levels in oil or fluid pressure
systems and bearings, according
to control system (alarm and shut-down values).
17) Maximum and minimum pressures and flows in coolers (alarm and shut-down values).
18) Maximum water levels in drainage pits (alarm
and shut-down values).
19)
Data on electric motors, pumps and other accessories.
20)
Safety instructions for test and operating staff.
21) Other data of importan
ce which are considered necessary by either purchaser or m anufacturer for safe
operation of the equipment or for instruction of personnel.
3.3 The manufacturer(s) shall give appropriate instructions to the purchaser's staff and provide the information
stated in Sub-clause 3.2 on operating the equipment during the final stage of erection, initial run, test runs and
test service period, particularly for all items not previously used by the purchaser.
During the final stage of erection, the sta rt, the test runs and
test service, the purchaser shall make his staff available
to the m
anufacturer for instruction and training in order that they may be capable of operating properly the turbine
and associated equipment.
3.4 During the guarantee period, the equipment shall not be operated outside the limits stated in the contract
without agreement with the m anufacturer.

-
13 -
CHAPTER II: COMMISSIONING
4. General
4.1 Commissioning occurs after first erection of a new unit. Similar procedures may also be utilized with or
without formal acceptance after repair or overhaul.
4.2 The operating requirements given in Clause 3 shall be complied with during commissioning. If the operating
conditions of the power station prevent commissioning within these requirements, the purchaser and manufacturer
shall agree on the commissioning procedure.
4.3 For correct interpretation and determination of the causes of any unexpected phenomena, it will be
advantageous to make simultaneous recordings of significant parameters on a recording instrument. Each
recording shall mention the time and date.
4.4 . It is the purchaser's responsibility to obtain from all the authorities concerned, agreements on specified
conditions (flow, grid, etc.) for test operation.
5. Test co-ordinator
A test co-ordinator shall be chosen by the purchaser, the main contractors and the manufacturers. He is in charge
of drawing up the programme of commissioning. His programme shall be checked and approved by the purchaser,
the main manufacturers and contractors before and during the tests if changes appear to be necessary. He shall
conduct the tests and check the results.
The test co-ordinator is responsible for the execution of all tests up to the beginning of the test service period.
Operating and commissioning personnel shall report to the co-ordinator on all operations performed on the
equipment.
6. Pre-start tests
6.1
Prior to filling waterways
Before the turbine c asing is filled with water, the generator, as well as
auxiliary and stand-by equipment, shall
be checked. At least the following items shall be checked and results recorded by the test co-ordinator.
1) Inspection of all the turbine waterways and removal of all foreign or loose objects (these might cause damage).
If required, the measuring sections and pressure taps for future turbine acceptance tests shall be checked and
confirmed
as satisfactory and dimensions recorded as appropriate.
2) Calibration of scales for wicket-gate openings and, where applicable, for runner
...


NORME CEI
INTERNATIONALE IEC
60287-1-1
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
AMENDEMENT 2
AMENDMENT 2
2001-08
Amendement 2
Câbles électriques –
Calcul du courant admissible –
Partie 1-1:
Equations de l'intensité du courant admissible
(facteur de charge 100 %) et calcul des pertes –
Généralités
Amendment 2
Electric cables –
Calculation of the current rating –
Part 1-1:
Current rating equations (100 % load factor)
and calculation of losses –
General
 IEC 2001 Droits de reproduction réservés  Copyright - all rights reserved
International Electrotechnical Commission 3, rue de Varembé Geneva, Switzerland
Telefax: +41 22 919 0300 e-mail: inmail@iec.ch IEC web site http://www.iec.ch
CODE PRIX
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
E
PRICE CODE
International Electrotechnical Commission
Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur
For price, see current catalogue

– 2 – 60287-1-1 amend. 2  CEI:2001

AVANT-PROPOS
Le présent amendement a été établi par le comité d'études 20 de la CEI: Câbles électriques.

Le texte de cet amendement est issu des documents suivants:

FDIS Rapport de vote
20/477/FDIS 20/483/RVD
Le rapport de vote indiqué dans le tableau ci-dessus donne toute information sur le vote ayant

abouti à l'approbation de cet amendement.
Le comité a décidé que le contenu de la publication de base et de ses amendements ne sera
pas modifié avant 2006. A cette date, la publication sera
• reconduite;
• supprimée;
• remplacée par une édition révisée, ou
• amendée.
____________
Page 30
2.1.5 Effets de peau et de proximité dans le cas des câbles en tuyau d'acier
Remplacer le texte existant par le nouveau texte suivant:
Pour les câbles en tuyau, les effets de peau et de proximité calculés en 2.1.2, 2.1.3 et 2.1.4
doivent être multipliés par un facteur égal à 1,5. Pour ces câbles,
′[ ( )]
R = R 1+ 1,5 y + y (Ω/m)
s p
Page 48
2.3.10 Câbles triplombs armés
Remplacer l’équation du premier paragraphe par l’équation suivante:
R 1,5
s
λ′ =
R
R
 
s
1+  
X
 
Ajouter ce qui suit à la fin du paragraphe 2.3.10:
Le facteur de pertes pour les câbles non armés dont chaque phase possède sa propre gaine
métallique est donné en 2.3.1.

60287-1-1 Amend. 2  IEC:2001 – 3 –

FOREWORD
This amendment has been prepared by IEC technical committee 20: Electric cables.

The text of this amendment is based on the following documents:

FDIS Report on voting
20/477/FDIS 20/483/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this amendment can be found in the report

on voting indicated in the above table.
The committee has decided that the contents of the base publication and its amendments will
remain unchanged until 2006. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
____________
Page 31
2.1.5 Skin and proximity effects in pipe-type cables
Replace the existing text with the following new text:
For pipe-type cables, the skin and proximity effects calculated according to 2.1.2, 2.1.3 and
2.1.4 shall be increased by a factor of 1,5. For these cables,
R = R′[1 + 1,5(y + y )] (Ω/m)
s p
Page 49
2.3.10 Cables with each core in a separate lead sheath (SL type) and armoured

Replace the equation in the first paragraph by the following equation:
R 1,5
s
λ′ =
R
R
 
s
1+  
X
 
Add the following at the end of subclause 2.3.10:
The loss factor for unarmoured cables with each core in a separate lead sheath is obtained
from 2.3.1.
– 4 – 60287-1-1 amend. 2  CEI:2001

2.3.11 Pertes dans les écrans et les gaines de câbles en tuyau d'acier

Remplacer la première équation par l’équation suivante:

R 1,5
s

λ =
R
 R 
s
1+
 
X
 
Page 56
Renuméroter le paragraphe 2.4.2.3.2 en 2.4.2.5, le placer après 2.4.2.4 et remplacer le texte
existant par le nouveau texte suivant:
Quand il s’agit de câbles triplombs armés, l’effet d’écran résultant des courants dans les
gaines réduit les pertes dans l’armure. La valeur de λ calculée en 2.4.2.3.1 ou 2.4.2.3.2 doit
être multipliée par le facteur
 
R
1− λ′ 
 
R
 s 
où λ′ a la valeur déterminée en 2.3.1.
Renuméroter 2.4.2.3.3 en 2.4.2.3.2.
Page 60
Tableau 2 – Effets de peau et de proximité. Valeurs expérimentales généralement
admises pour les coefficients k et k pour des âmes en cuivre
s p
Remplacer le titre du tableau et le tableau par le nouveau tableau suivant:

60287-1-1 Amend. 2  IEC:2001 – 5 –

2.3.11 Losses in screen and sheaths of pipe-type cables

Replace the first equation by the following equation:

R 1,5
s
λ′ =
R
R
 
s
1+  
X
 
Page 57
Renumber subclause 2.4.2.3.2 as 2.4.2.5, move it after 2.4.2.4 and replace the existing text
with the following new text:
Where the armour is over a SL type cable, the screening effect of the sheath currents reduces
the armour loss. The formula for λ given in 2.4.2.3.1 or 2.4.2.3.2 shall be multiplied by the
factor
 
R
 ′ 
1− λ
 
R
 s 
where λ′ is obtained from 2.3.1.
Renumber 2.4.2.3.3 as 2.4.2.3.2.
Page 61
Table 2 – Skin and proximity effects. Experimental values for the coefficients k and k
s p
Replace the existing table with the following new table:

– 6 – 60287-1-1 amend. 2  CEI:2001

Tableau 2 – Effets de peau et de proximité –
Valeurs expérimentales p
...

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