IEC TR 61000-1-1:2023

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 1-1: General - Application and interpretation of fundamental definitions and terms

IEC TR 61000-1-1:2023 which is a Technical Report, aims to describe and interpret various terms considered to be of basic importance to concepts and practical application in the design and evaluation of electromagnetically compatible equipment and systems. In addition, attention is drawn to the distinction between electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests carried out in a standardized set-up and those carried out at other locations, for example at premises where a device, equipment or system is manufactured or at the location where a device, equipment or system is installed (in situ tests or measurements). This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1992. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) the general description of the electromagnetic environment has been updated in accordance with IEC TR 61000-2-5;
b) the description of source, of potentially susceptible equipment/systems and of coupling mechanism has been updated,
c) elements from IEC TR 61000-2-3, that is intended to be withdrawn, as well as from IEC TR 61000-2-5, have been incorporated into this document.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 06-Feb-2023
• ICS: 33.100.01 - Electromagnetic compatibility in general
• Technical Committee: TC 77 - Electromagnetic compatibility
• Drafting Committee: WG 13 - TC 77/WG 13
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 09-Mar-2023
• Completion Date: 07-Feb-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC TR 61000-1-1
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Edition 2.0 2023-02
TECHNICAL
REPORT

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BASIC EMC PUBLICATION

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) –
Part 1-1: General – Application and interpretation of fundamental definitions and
terms
IEC TR 61000-1-1:2023-02(en)

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IEC TR 61000-1-1

®


Edition 2.0 2023-02




TECHNICAL



REPORT








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BASIC EMC PUBLICATION





Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) –

Part 1-1: General – Application and interpretation of fundamental definitions and

terms

























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ELECTROTECHNICAL


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ICS 33.100.01 ISBN 978-2-8322-6435-5



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– 2 – IEC TR 61000-1-1:2023 © IEC 2023
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 7
3.1 Terms and definitions . 7
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 10
4 The electromagnetic environment . 10
4.1 General . 10
4.2 Coupling between emitting and susceptible devices . 11
5 Application of EMC terms and definitions . 12
5.1 General . 12
5.2 Relation between various types of levels . 12
5.2.1 Emissions and immunity level (and limit). 12
5.2.2 Compatibility level . 13
5.2.3 Examples to illustrate the concepts of using levels and limits. 14
5.3 Probability aspects and margins . 16
5.3.1 Compatibility levels and uncertainties . 16
5.3.2 Standardized test. 17
5.3.3 In situ test – Superposition . 18
5.3.4 Lack of data . 20
6 Models and their limitations . 21
6.1 General . 21
6.2 Source models . 21
6.2.1 Conducted emissions . 21
6.2.2 Radiated emissions . 22
6.3 Coupling models . 23
6.3.1 General . 23
6.3.2 Common impedance coupling . 23
6.3.3 Coupling by induction . 24
6.3.4 Radiative coupling . 27
6.4 Susceptible device models . 27
Annex A (informative) Interpretation of EMC terms and definitions . 28
A.1 General . 28
A.2 Units and decibels . 28
A.3 Electromagnetic interference, compatibility and environment . 29
A.3.1 General . 29
A.3.2 Electromagnetic interference (EMI) . 29
A.3.3 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . 30
A.3.4 The electromagnetic environment . 30
A.4 Susceptibility/immunity. 31
A.5 Level and limit . 31
A.6 Emission and immunity . 32
A.7 Compatibility level and margin . 34
Annex B (informative) Standardized and in situ tests . 37
Annex C (informative) Review of the historical assignment of radiated disturbance
degrees . 38

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IEC TR 61000-1-1:2023 © IEC 2023 – 3 –
C.1 General . 38
C.2 Theoretical analysis of radiated disturbance degrees . 38
C.3 Detailed derivations . 40
C.3.1 Derivation of Formula (C.4). 40
C.3.2 Derivation of Formula (C.5). 41
Bibliography . 43


Figure 1 – Coupling paths between emitting and susceptible devices . 11
Figure 2 – Limits and levels for a single emitter and susceptible device as a function of
some independent variable (e.g., frequency) . 13
Figure 3 – Emission/immunity limits and compatibility levels, with an example of
emission/immunity levels for a single emitter and susceptible device as a function of
some independent variable (e.g., frequency) . 13
Figure 4 – Compatibility levels U for the odd harmonics in a public low-voltage
c
network and examples of associated emission and immunity limits . 15
Figure 5 – Limits, compatibility levels and margins, as a function of any independent
variable (e.g., frequency) . 17
Figure 6 – Example of the probability densities for an emission level and an immunity
level, at one single value of the independent variable . 18
Figure 7 – Example of superposition of disturbances . 20
Figure 8 – Example of probability densities for an ultimate disturbance level (the sum
of disturbance levels produced by various emitters) and the immunity levels of two
types of susceptible device . 20
Figure 9 – Source model for conducted emissions (source loaded by Z and Z ) . 22
L1 L2
Figure 10 – Electric and magnetic dipole elements . 23
Figure 11 – Capacitance per unit length as a function of conductor separation . 25
Figure 12 – Flux density from parallel conductors . 26
Figure A.1 – The basic form of an EMI problem . 29
Figure A.2 – Subdivision of EMC in its key aspects . 30
Figure A.3 – Overview of various EMC terms and measuring conditions . 34
Figure A.4 – Examples of probability densities p(D), p(I) and the resulting p(I – D) . 35
Figure C.1 – Problem geometry . 39

Table C.1 – Radiated disturbance degrees . 38

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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________

ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) –

Part 1-1: General – Application and interpretation
of fundamental definitions and terms

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
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preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
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2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
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3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC TR 61000-1-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 77: Electromagnetic
compatibility. It is a Technical Report.
It forms Part 1-1 of IEC 61000. It has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with
IEC Guide 107.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1992. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) the general description of the electromagnetic environment has been updated in accordance
with IEC TR 61000-2-5;
b) the description of source, of potentially susceptible equipment/systems and of coupling
mechanism has been updated,

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IEC TR 61000-1-1:2023 © IEC 2023 – 5 –
c) elements from IEC TR 61000-2-3, that is intended to be withdrawn, as well as from
IEC TR 61000-2-5, have been incorporated into this document.
The text of this Technical Report is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
77/586/DTR 77/587/RVDTR

Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this Technical Report is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
A list of all parts in the IEC 61000 series, published under the general title Electromagnetic
compatibility (EMC), can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

IMPORTANT – The "colour inside" logo on the cover page of this document indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

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INTRODUCTION
IEC 61000 is published in separate parts, according to the following structure:
Part 1: General
General considerations (introduction, fundamental principles)
Definitions, terminology
Part 2: Environment
Description of the environment
Classification of the environment
Compatibility levels
Part 3: Limits
Emission limits
Immunity limits (in so far as they do not fall under the responsibility of the product
committees)
Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques
Measurement techniques
Testing techniques
Part 5: Installation and mitigation guidelines
Installation guidelines
Mitigation methods and devices
Part 6: Generic standards
Part 9: Miscellaneous
Each part is further subdivided into several parts, published either as international standards
or as technical specifications or technical reports, some of which have already been published
as sections. Others will be published with the part number followed by a dash and a second
number identifying the subdivision (example: IEC 61000-6-1).

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IEC TR 61000-1-1:2023 © IEC 2023 – 7 –
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) –

Part 1-1: General – Application and interpretation
of fundamental definitions and terms



1 Scope
This part of IEC 61000, which is a Technical Report, aims to describe and interpret various
terms considered to be of basic importance to concepts and practical application in the design
and evaluation of electromagnetically compatible equipment and systems.
In addition, attention is drawn to the distinction between electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
tests carried out in a standardized set-up and those carried out at other locations, for example
at premises where a device, equipment or system is manufactured or at the location where a
device, equipment or system is installed (in situ tests or measurements).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-161:1990, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 161:
Electromagnetic compatibility (available at www.electropedia.org)
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-161 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
(electromagnetic) compatibility level
specified electromagnetic disturbance level used as a reference level for co-ordination in the
setting of emission and immunity limits
Note 1 to entry: By convention, the compatibility level is chosen so that there is only a small probability that it will
be exceeded by the actual disturbance level. However, electromagnetic compatibility is achieved only if emission
and immunity levels are controlled such that, at each location, the disturbance level resulting from the cumulative
emissions is lower than the immunity level for each device, equipment and system situated at this same location.
Note 2 to entry: The compatibility level may be phenomenon, time or location dependent.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:1990, 161-03-10]

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3.1.2
(electromagnetic) compatibility margin
ratio of the immunity limit to the emission limit
Note 1 to entry: The compatibility margin is the product of the emission margin and the immunity margin
Note 2 to entry: If the levels are expressed in dB(. ), in the above margin definitions "difference” is used
instead of "ratio" and "sum" instead of "product".
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:1990, 161-03-17, modified – note 2 has been added.]
3.1.3
electromagnetic environment
totality of electromagnetic phenomena existing at a given location
Note 1 to entry: In general, this totality is time dependent and its description can need a statistical approach.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:2018, 161-01-01]
3.1.4
electromagnetic disturbance
electromagnetic phenomenon that can degrade the performance of a device, equipment or
system, or adversely affect living or inert matter
Note 1 to entry: An electromagnetic disturbance may be an electromagnetic noise, an unwanted signal or a change
in the propagation medium itself
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:1990, 161-01-05]
3.1.5
electromagnetic interference
EMI
degradation in the performance of equipment or transmission channel or a system caused by
an electromagnetic disturbance
Note 1 to entry: Disturbance and interference are cause and effect, respectively.
Note 2 to entry: The English words “interference” and “disturbance” are often used indiscriminately.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:2018, 161-01-06, modified – Note 1 and Note 2 have been revised.]
3.1.6
electromagnetic compatibility
EMC
ability of a device, equipment or system to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic
environment without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that
environment
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:2018, 161-01-07, modified – the terms "device" and "equipment"
have been added to the definition.]
3.1.7
electromagnetic emission
phenomenon by which electromagnetic energy emanates from a source
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:2019, 161-01-08]

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IEC TR 61000-1-1:2023 © IEC 2023 – 9 –
3.1.8
emission level (of a disturbing source)
level of a given electromagnetic disturbance emitted from a particular device, equipment or
system, measured in a specified way
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:1990, 161-03-11, modified – “measured in a specified way” has been
added.]
3.1.9
emission limit (from a disturbing source)
specified maximum emission level of a source of electromagnetic disturbance
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:1990, 161-03-12]
3.1.10
emission margin
ratio of the electromagnetic compatibility level to the emission limit
Note 1 to entry: If the levels are expressed in dB(. ), in the above margin definitions "difference” is used instead
of "ratio" and "sum" instead of "product".
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:1990, 161-03-13, modified – the note has been added.]
3.1.11
degradation (of performance)
undesired deviation in the operational performance of any device, equipment or system from its
intended performance
Note 1 to entry: The term “degradation” can apply to temporary or permanent failure
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-121:1990, 161-01-19]
3.1.12
disturbance level
level of an electromagnetic disturbance existing at a given location, which results from all
contributing disturbance sources
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:1990, 161-03-29]
3.1.13
immunity (to a disturbance)
ability of a device, equipment or system to perform without degradation in the presence of an
electromagnetic disturbance
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:1990, 161-01-20]
3.1.14
immunity level
maximum level of a given electromagnetic disturbance, incident in a specified way on a
particular device, equipment or system, at which no degradation of operation occurs
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:1990, 161-03-14]
3.1.15
immunity limit
minimum permissible immunity level

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Note 1 to entry: In some product/product family standards the term test level is used to express what is meant by
immunity limit.
3.1.16
immunity margin
ratio of the immunity limit to the electromagnetic compatibility level
Note 1 to entry: If the levels are expressed in dB(. ), in the above margin definitions "difference” is used instead
of "ratio" and "sum" instead of "product".
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:1990, 161-03-16, modified – the note has been added.]
3.1.17
level (of a time varying quantity)
magnitude value of a quantity, such as a power or a field quantity, measured and/or evaluated
in a specified manner during a specified time interval
Note 1 to entry: The level of a quantity can be expressed in logarithmic units, for example decibels with respect to
a reference value.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:1990, 161-03-01]
3.1.18
(electromagnetic) susceptibility
inability of a device, equipment or system to perform without degradation in the presence of an
electromagnetic disturbance
Note 1 to entry: Susceptibility is a lack of immunity.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:1990, 161-01-21]
3.2 Abbreviated terms
AC alternating current
DC direct current
EM electromagnetic
EMC electromagnetic compatibility
EMI electromagnetic interference
RF radio frequency

4 The electromagnetic environment
4.1 General
There are various approaches that can be used for describing the electromagnetic environment
at a considered location. Classification in terms of typical environmental locations such as
industrial, residential and commercial can have some meaning in that each of these tends to
imply some general characteristics of the electromagnetic environment on which compatibility
levels can be based. However, it is recognized that equipment not normally associated with a
particular environmental location class can indeed affect the electromagnetic environment at
any specific location.
For the above reason, the approach taken in this document is to indicate the electromagnetic
levels expected from particular sources or classes of sources. The level expected at a particular
location will be determined with reference to the sources existing at that location.
IEC TR 61000-2-5 provides a description of the electromagnetic environment with anticipated
disturbance levels for typical location classes.

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IEC TR 61000-1-1:2023 © IEC 2023 – 11 –
At the same time, it is recognized that one cannot always identify all sources that can affect a
particular environment. Such is the case, for example, with conducted disturbances in a power
system generated at large distances, for example large distant nonlinear industrial loads or
unpredictable exceptionally severe lightning strokes. It is meaningful to make a distinction
between public supply and industrial or private networks.
The quality of the provided power supply at the point of common connection due to remote
users will depend upon the capacity of the network and the loads connected to it that an
individual consumer knows little about. Voltage fluctuations can be caused by load switching
as well as by system faults and lightning strokes. Within a consumer's system, residential or
industrial, the low frequency effects of local loads can be predicted. In general, one would
expect the remote sources to limit the quality of service delivered to a particular consumer
location, and that any given system needs to perform properly in the absence of local sources.
This is assuming that the quality of service is otherwise satisfactory. Local sources can be
expected to have more significant effects in possible system and device degradation.
4.2 Coupling between emitting and susceptible devices
The major reason for considering electromagnetic compatibility is the ex
...