ISO 140-5:1978
(Main)Acoustics — Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements — Part 5: Field measurements of airborne sound insulation of facade elements and facades
Acoustics — Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements — Part 5: Field measurements of airborne sound insulation of facade elements and facades
Acoustique — Mesurage de l'isolation acoustique des immeubles et des éléments de construction — Partie 5: Mesurage sur place de l'isolation aux bruits aériens des éléments de façade et des façades
Akustika - Merjenje zvočne izolirnosti v zgradbah in zvočne izolirnosti gradbenih elementov - 5. del: Terenska merjenja izolirnosti fasadnih elementov in fasad pred zvokom v zraku
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 140/V
t-
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION*MEX)lYHAPOnC(AR OPrAHH3AUHR Il0 CTAHAAFfH3AUHHWRGANlSATlON INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
-
Acoustics - Measurement of sound insulation in buildings
and of building elements -
Part V : Field measurements of airborne sound insulation
of facade elements and facades
Acoustique - Mesurage de l'isolation acoustique des immeubles et des Mments de construction -
Partie V : Mesurage sur place de l'isolation aux bruits a6riens des dlt5ments de façade et des façades
First edition - 1978-07-15
-
w
c
Eo UDC 534.833.522.4.08 Ref. No. IS0 140/V-1978 (E)
PI
!2
> Descriptors :
acoustics, acoustic measurement, acoustic insulation, buildings, structural members, facades, tests, testing conditions, field
B tests, airborne sound.
2
i!
Price based on 8 pages
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
FOREWORD
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation
of national standards institutes (IS0 member bodies). The work of developing
International Standards is carried out through IS0 technical committees. Every
member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been set
up has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated
to the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International
Standards by the IS0 Council.
International Standard IS0 140/V was developed by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 43, Acoustics, and was circulated to the member bodies in May 1976.
It has been approved by the member bodies of the following countries :
Australia India Romania
Austria Israel South Africa, Rep. of
Belgium Italy Spain
Canada Japan Sweden
Czechoslovakia Korea, Rep. of
Switzerland
Denmark Mexico Turkey
Finland Netherlands United Kingdom
France New Zealand U.S.A.
Germany Norway U.S.S. R.
Hungary Poland
No member body expressed disapproval of the document.
Annexes A, C and E are integral parts of this International Standard.
International Organization for Standardization, 1978 0
Printed in Switzerland
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
~~
IS0 14O/V-1978 (E)
I NTE RNATl ON A L STAN DARD
Acoustics - Measurement of sound insulation in buildings
and of building elements -
Part V : Field measurements of airborne sound insulation
of facade elements and facades
atory measurements of airborne sound insulation of build-
O INTRODUCTION
ing elements.
The purpose of this International Standard is
ISOIR 354, Measurement of absorption coefficients in a
U - to give procedures to measure the sound insulation
reverberation room.
properties of a facade with respect to outside noise such
ISOIR 1996, Acoustics - Assessment of noise with respect
as traffic noise, thus making it possible to ensure that
to community response.
the constructions meet the desired acoustical conditions
inside the building;
I EC Publication 225, Octave, half-octave and third-octave
- to give field procedures to determine whether facades band filters intended for the analysis of sound and vi-
bra tions.
have met building specifications and to check where
faults occurred in the facade construction.
3 MEASUREMENT WITH TRAFFIC NOISE
1 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION
This International Standard specifies field methods for
3.1 Principle
measuring the sound insulation properties of facades under
If the sound is incident on the test specimen from different
particular acoustical conditions and for determining the
directions and with varying intensity, as, for example,
protection afforded by the facade to the occupants of the
traffic noise in busy streets, the sound reduction index is
building.
obtained from the equivalent sound pressure levels measured
NOTE - Laboratory measurements of facade elements and facades
as a function of frequency on both sides of the test speci-
are dealt with in IS0 140/111.
men. This quantity is denoted by R,, :
The test specimen is located either in an outer wall (for
example in the case of a window) or is the outer wall itself
a whole facade).
(for example
where
When determining the existing acoustical conditions, the
measurements should preferably be carried out according
level 2 m in
pressure
Leq,l is the equivalent sound
to clause 3 with traffic noise (sound from different di-
front of the test specimen including the reflection effect
rections and with varying intensity).
of the test specimen;
When testing the sound insulation properties of facades,
is the equivalent sound pressure level in the
Leq,*
measurements can alternatively be performed according to
receiving room averaged over the room;
clause 4 with loudspeaker noise (directed sound).
S is the area of the test specimen (see annex A);
However, on account of the differences in the nature of the
A is the equivalent absorption area in the receiving
incident sound, the results of the two methods cannot be
room.
expected to agree fully.
NOTE - Equation (I) is applicable when the line of traffic is
sufficiently long and straight to ensure a fairly uniform distribution
2 REFERENCES
of incident sound. When the angle of elevation (observed from the
point of least distance between the test specimen and the line of
IS0 14011 I, Acoustics - Measurement of sound insulation
traffic) is more than about 20°, there will be a predominance of
in buildings and of building elements - Part II : Statement
oblique angles of incidence and the results may differ from those
of precision requirements. level to the extent that the sound re-
obtained at ground floor
is dependent on the angle of
duction index of the test specimen
IS0 14011 I I, Acoustics - Measurement of sound insulation
incidence. When the angle of elevation exceeds 50°, equation (1)
in buildings and of building elements - Part 111 : Labor- should not be used.
1
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
IS0 140/V-1978 (E)
(L5,, and L 10 are the sound pressure levels exceeded in 50 % and
In cases where it is required to measure the protection
10% of the observation time respectively.) In some cases one of
afforded by the facade irrespective of its construction and
these will be measured for other reasons and it will not be necessary
surface area or its position relative to the noise sources, the
to measure all three but only that which is the most convenient at
level difference DnI,fr should be used :
the time. When specifically measuring sound insulation and not
noise disturbance, it is preferable to use Le,.
T
. . . (2)
'nT,tr = Leq,l - Leq,Z + 1019-dB
For determining the equivalent sound pressure level
0
TO
the microphone should be placed about 2 m in front of
where
the test specimen.
T is the measured reverberation time in the receiving
Alternatively, the microphone may be placed as close as
room;
possible (less than 2 cm) to the outer face of the test speci-
men with the axis parallel to it. In this case 3 dB are sub-
To is the reference reverberation time, 0,5 s for
tracted from the value of R,, or DnT,,, calculated accord-
dwellings.
ing to equations (1 ) and (2) respectively.
NOTES
3.2 Equipment
1
When the microphone is placed as close as possible to the test
The equipment shall be suitable for meeting the require-
specimen, several difficulties may arise, e.g. :
ments of 3.4.
'
L-
a) the level measurements will depend critically on the position
of the microphone with respect to the outer face of the test
specimen;
3.3 Test arrangement
b) insufficiently large impedance of the test specimen (com-
For the test arrangement to be used in the field, it is not
pliance of the window pane, absorption of facade material)
possible to standardize the area of the test specimen and
may cause errors of unknown magnitude;
the volume and shape of the receiving room.
c) different microphone sensitivity and directivity on opposite
sides of the test specimen.
3.4 Test procedure and evaluation
2 If there is a balcony in front of the test specimen, the measure-
ment with traffic noise cannot be applied for determining the sound
reduction index of the test specimen.
3.4.1 Generation of sound field
However, the combined protection afforded, including the balcony,
For sound excitation, the existing traffic noise, incident
could be determined by placing the microphone 2 m in front of the
balcony and by using equation (2).
on the test specimen, is used.
The sound pressure level in the receiving room should be an
3.4.2 Measurement of the equivalent sound pressure levels
average over space and time. This average may be obtained
The equivalent sound pressure level Le, is defined by the by using a number of fixed microphone positions or a
formula : number of stationary positions of a remotely controlled
movable microphone. The microphone positions shall be
I rT:
out of the near field of the test specimen.
-!- s,'ip2 (t) dt
Ti
Le, = 10 lg dB . . . (3)
3.4.3 Frequency range of measurements
The sound pressure level should be measured using third-
where
octave or octave band filters. The discrimination charac-
teristics of the filters should be in accordance with IEC
p(t) is the time-variant sound pressure;
Publication 225.
p, = 20 pa is the reference sound pressure;
Third-octave band filters having at least the following
Ti is the integrating time. centre frequencies in hertz should be used :
Le, can be determined by an appropriate integrating device 100 125 160 200 250 315
or (as an approximation) by a noise distribution analysis 400 500 630 800 1 O00 1250
according to ISO/R 1996. 1600 2000 2500 3 150
If octave band filters are used, as a minimum the series
On account of the possible fluctuations of the traffic noise,
beginning with centre frequency 125 Hz and ending at
the equivalent sound pressure levels and Leq,2 must
2 O00 Hz should be used.
be measured simultaneously on opposite sides of the speci-
men, for example by recording the sound signals with a
two-track magnetic tape machine and by evaluating both
3.4.4 Measurement and evaluation of the equivalent
signals within the same time intervals.
absorption area
NOTE - When determining the difference of average sound pressure
The correction term of equation (1) containing the equival-
it is unimportant whether
levels from simultaneous measurements,
the actual readings are expressed in terms of Le,, L50 or L10. ent absorption area may preferably be evaluated from the
2
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
IS0 14ON-1978 (E)
reverberation time measured according to ISO/R 354 and given at all frequencies of- measurement, in tabular form
evaluated using Sabine's formula : and/or in the form of a curve. For graphs with the level in
decibels plotted against frequency on a logarithmic scale,
the length for a 10 : 1 frequency ratio should be equal to
(4)
the length for 1 O dB, 25 dB, or 50 dB on the ordinate scale.
where
3.7 Testreport
A is the equivalent absorption area, in square metres;
With reference to this International Standard, the test
V is the receiving room volume, in cubic metres; report shall state :
a) name of organization that has performed the
T is the reverberation time, in seconds.
measurements;
An alternative method of evaluating the equivalent
b) date of test;
absorption area into account is to measure the average
level produced by a sufficiently stable
sound pressure
c) description of test specimen, if possible with
is known.
sound source the power output of which
sectional drawing and details of mounting;
d) indication of traffic situation and the equivalent
3.4.5 Measurement procedure
i
sound pressure level Leq,,;
Each organization should determine a normal test procedure
which complies with this International Standard. e) a suitable plan of the building, showing the position
of the test specimen in relation to the traffic flow;
The necessary criteria which affect the repeatability of the
f) volume and equivalent absorption area of the
measurements are shown below :
receiving room;
On the outside,
g) method applied for determining the equivalent
- traffic noise source(s);
sound pressure levels including the time intervals used
and, in the case of a noise distribution analysis, the class
- position of the microphone relative to the test
width used;
specimen .
h) type of filters used;
On the inside,
) either the sound reduction index R,, of test speci-
- minimum distances between microphone and
J ken or the standardized sound level difference DnT,tr
room boundaries, especially test specimen, with
as a function of frequency, whichever is appropriate;
regard to near fields;
)L /I the area S used for evaluation of Rt,;
- number of microphone positions;
)n 1) brief description of details of procedure and equip-
- averaging time of the levels;
ment (see 3.4.5).
- method for determining the equivalent absorption
area, which involves a number of repeated readings in
4 MEASUREMENT WITH LOUDSPEAKER NOISE
each position.
4.1 Principle
An example of typical test conditions is given in annex B.
The loudspeaker is located outside the building at an
appropriate distance from the test specimen. The sound
3.5 Precision
is incident on the test specimen mainly from one direction
only.
It is required that the measurement procedure should give
satisfactory repeatability. For the instrumentation and, in
The sound reduction index determined by this method
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 140-5:1997
01-april-1997
$NXVWLND0HUMHQMH]YRþQHL]ROLUQRVWLY]JUDGEDKLQ]YRþQHL]ROLUQRVWLJUDGEHQLK
HOHPHQWRYGHO 7HUHQVNDPHUMHQMDL]ROLUQRVWLIDVDGQLKHOHPHQWRYLQIDVDGSUHG
]YRNRPY]UDNX
Acoustics -- Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements --
Part 5: Field measurements of airborne sound insulation of facade elements and facades
Acoustique -- Mesurage de l'isolation acoustique des immeubles et des éléments de
construction -- Partie 5: Mesurage sur place de l'isolation aux bruits aériens des
éléments de façade et des façades
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 140-5:1978
ICS:
17.140.01 $NXVWLþQDPHUMHQMDLQ Acoustic measurements and
EODåHQMHKUXSDQDVSORãQR noise abatement in general
91.060.10 Stene. Predelne stene. Walls. Partitions. Facades
Fasade
91.120.20 $NXVWLNDYVWDYEDK=YRþQD Acoustics in building. Sound
L]RODFLMD insulation
SIST ISO 140-5:1997 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST ISO 140-5:1997
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST ISO 140-5:1997
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 140/V
t-
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION*MEX)lYHAPOnC(AR OPrAHH3AUHR Il0 CTAHAAFfH3AUHHWRGANlSATlON INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
-
Acoustics - Measurement of sound insulation in buildings
and of building elements -
Part V : Field measurements of airborne sound insulation
of facade elements and facades
Acoustique - Mesurage de l'isolation acoustique des immeubles et des Mments de construction -
Partie V : Mesurage sur place de l'isolation aux bruits a6riens des dlt5ments de façade et des façades
First edition - 1978-07-15
-
w
c
Eo UDC 534.833.522.4.08 Ref. No. IS0 140/V-1978 (E)
PI
!2
> Descriptors :
acoustics, acoustic measurement, acoustic insulation, buildings, structural members, facades, tests, testing conditions, field
B tests, airborne sound.
2
i!
Price based on 8 pages
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST ISO 140-5:1997
FOREWORD
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation
of national standards institutes (IS0 member bodies). The work of developing
International Standards is carried out through IS0 technical committees. Every
member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been set
up has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated
to the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International
Standards by the IS0 Council.
International Standard IS0 140/V was developed by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 43, Acoustics, and was circulated to the member bodies in May 1976.
It has been approved by the member bodies of the following countries :
Australia India Romania
Austria Israel South Africa, Rep. of
Belgium Italy Spain
Canada Japan Sweden
Czechoslovakia Korea, Rep. of
Switzerland
Denmark Mexico Turkey
Finland Netherlands United Kingdom
France New Zealand U.S.A.
Germany Norway U.S.S. R.
Hungary Poland
No member body expressed disapproval of the document.
Annexes A, C and E are integral parts of this International Standard.
International Organization for Standardization, 1978 0
Printed in Switzerland
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST ISO 140-5:1997
~~
IS0 14O/V-1978 (E)
I NTE RNATl ON A L STAN DARD
Acoustics - Measurement of sound insulation in buildings
and of building elements -
Part V : Field measurements of airborne sound insulation
of facade elements and facades
atory measurements of airborne sound insulation of build-
O INTRODUCTION
ing elements.
The purpose of this International Standard is
ISOIR 354, Measurement of absorption coefficients in a
U - to give procedures to measure the sound insulation
reverberation room.
properties of a facade with respect to outside noise such
ISOIR 1996, Acoustics - Assessment of noise with respect
as traffic noise, thus making it possible to ensure that
to community response.
the constructions meet the desired acoustical conditions
inside the building;
I EC Publication 225, Octave, half-octave and third-octave
- to give field procedures to determine whether facades band filters intended for the analysis of sound and vi-
bra tions.
have met building specifications and to check where
faults occurred in the facade construction.
3 MEASUREMENT WITH TRAFFIC NOISE
1 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION
This International Standard specifies field methods for
3.1 Principle
measuring the sound insulation properties of facades under
If the sound is incident on the test specimen from different
particular acoustical conditions and for determining the
directions and with varying intensity, as, for example,
protection afforded by the facade to the occupants of the
traffic noise in busy streets, the sound reduction index is
building.
obtained from the equivalent sound pressure levels measured
NOTE - Laboratory measurements of facade elements and facades
as a function of frequency on both sides of the test speci-
are dealt with in IS0 140/111.
men. This quantity is denoted by R,, :
The test specimen is located either in an outer wall (for
example in the case of a window) or is the outer wall itself
a whole facade).
(for example
where
When determining the existing acoustical conditions, the
measurements should preferably be carried out according
level 2 m in
pressure
Leq,l is the equivalent sound
to clause 3 with traffic noise (sound from different di-
front of the test specimen including the reflection effect
rections and with varying intensity).
of the test specimen;
When testing the sound insulation properties of facades,
is the equivalent sound pressure level in the
Leq,*
measurements can alternatively be performed according to
receiving room averaged over the room;
clause 4 with loudspeaker noise (directed sound).
S is the area of the test specimen (see annex A);
However, on account of the differences in the nature of the
A is the equivalent absorption area in the receiving
incident sound, the results of the two methods cannot be
room.
expected to agree fully.
NOTE - Equation (I) is applicable when the line of traffic is
sufficiently long and straight to ensure a fairly uniform distribution
2 REFERENCES
of incident sound. When the angle of elevation (observed from the
point of least distance between the test specimen and the line of
IS0 14011 I, Acoustics - Measurement of sound insulation
traffic) is more than about 20°, there will be a predominance of
in buildings and of building elements - Part II : Statement
oblique angles of incidence and the results may differ from those
of precision requirements. level to the extent that the sound re-
obtained at ground floor
is dependent on the angle of
duction index of the test specimen
IS0 14011 I I, Acoustics - Measurement of sound insulation
incidence. When the angle of elevation exceeds 50°, equation (1)
in buildings and of building elements - Part 111 : Labor- should not be used.
1
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST ISO 140-5:1997
IS0 140/V-1978 (E)
(L5,, and L 10 are the sound pressure levels exceeded in 50 % and
In cases where it is required to measure the protection
10% of the observation time respectively.) In some cases one of
afforded by the facade irrespective of its construction and
these will be measured for other reasons and it will not be necessary
surface area or its position relative to the noise sources, the
to measure all three but only that which is the most convenient at
level difference DnI,fr should be used :
the time. When specifically measuring sound insulation and not
noise disturbance, it is preferable to use Le,.
T
. . . (2)
'nT,tr = Leq,l - Leq,Z + 1019-dB
For determining the equivalent sound pressure level
0
TO
the microphone should be placed about 2 m in front of
where
the test specimen.
T is the measured reverberation time in the receiving
Alternatively, the microphone may be placed as close as
room;
possible (less than 2 cm) to the outer face of the test speci-
men with the axis parallel to it. In this case 3 dB are sub-
To is the reference reverberation time, 0,5 s for
tracted from the value of R,, or DnT,,, calculated accord-
dwellings.
ing to equations (1 ) and (2) respectively.
NOTES
3.2 Equipment
1
When the microphone is placed as close as possible to the test
The equipment shall be suitable for meeting the require-
specimen, several difficulties may arise, e.g. :
ments of 3.4.
'
L-
a) the level measurements will depend critically on the position
of the microphone with respect to the outer face of the test
specimen;
3.3 Test arrangement
b) insufficiently large impedance of the test specimen (com-
For the test arrangement to be used in the field, it is not
pliance of the window pane, absorption of facade material)
possible to standardize the area of the test specimen and
may cause errors of unknown magnitude;
the volume and shape of the receiving room.
c) different microphone sensitivity and directivity on opposite
sides of the test specimen.
3.4 Test procedure and evaluation
2 If there is a balcony in front of the test specimen, the measure-
ment with traffic noise cannot be applied for determining the sound
reduction index of the test specimen.
3.4.1 Generation of sound field
However, the combined protection afforded, including the balcony,
For sound excitation, the existing traffic noise, incident
could be determined by placing the microphone 2 m in front of the
balcony and by using equation (2).
on the test specimen, is used.
The sound pressure level in the receiving room should be an
3.4.2 Measurement of the equivalent sound pressure levels
average over space and time. This average may be obtained
The equivalent sound pressure level Le, is defined by the by using a number of fixed microphone positions or a
formula : number of stationary positions of a remotely controlled
movable microphone. The microphone positions shall be
I rT:
out of the near field of the test specimen.
-!- s,'ip2 (t) dt
Ti
Le, = 10 lg dB . . . (3)
3.4.3 Frequency range of measurements
The sound pressure level should be measured using third-
where
octave or octave band filters. The discrimination charac-
teristics of the filters should be in accordance with IEC
p(t) is the time-variant sound pressure;
Publication 225.
p, = 20 pa is the reference sound pressure;
Third-octave band filters having at least the following
Ti is the integrating time. centre frequencies in hertz should be used :
Le, can be determined by an appropriate integrating device 100 125 160 200 250 315
or (as an approximation) by a noise distribution analysis 400 500 630 800 1 O00 1250
according to ISO/R 1996. 1600 2000 2500 3 150
If octave band filters are used, as a minimum the series
On account of the possible fluctuations of the traffic noise,
beginning with centre frequency 125 Hz and ending at
the equivalent sound pressure levels and Leq,2 must
2 O00 Hz should be used.
be measured simultaneously on opposite sides of the speci-
men, for example by recording the sound signals with a
two-track magnetic tape machine and by evaluating both
3.4.4 Measurement and evaluation of the equivalent
signals within the same time intervals.
absorption area
NOTE - When determining the difference of average sound pressure
The correction term of equation (1) containing the equival-
it is unimportant whether
levels from simultaneous measurements,
the actual readings are expressed in terms of Le,, L50 or L10. ent absorption area may preferably be evaluated from the
2
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST ISO 140-5:1997
IS0 14ON-1978 (E)
reverberation time measured according to ISO/R 354 and given at all frequencies of- measurement, in tabular form
evaluated using Sabine's formula : and/or in the form of a curve. For graphs with the level in
decibels plotted against frequency on a logarithmic scale,
the length for a 10 : 1 frequency ratio should be equal to
(4)
the length for 1 O dB, 25 dB, or 50 dB on the ordinate scale.
where
3.7 Testreport
A is the equivalent absorption area, in square metres;
With reference to this International Standard, the test
V is the receiving room volume, in cubic metres; report shall state :
a) name of organization that has performed the
T is the reverberation time, in seconds.
measurements;
An alternative method of evaluating the equivalent
b) date of test;
absorption area into account is to measure the average
level produced by a sufficiently stable
sound pressure
c) description of test specimen, if possible with
is known.
sound source the power output of which
sectional drawing and details of mounting;
d) indication of traffic situation and the equivalent
3.4.5 Measurement procedure
i
sound pressure level Leq,,;
Each organization should determine a normal test procedure
which complies with this International Standard. e) a suitable plan of the building, showing the position
of the test specimen in relation to the traffic flow;
The necessary criteria which affect the repeatability of the
f) volume and equivalent absorption area of the
measurements are shown below :
receiving room;
On the outside,
g) method applied for determining the equivalent
- traffic noise source(s);
sound pressure levels including the time intervals used
and, in the case of a noise distribution analysis, the class
- position of the microphone relative to the test
width used;
specimen .
h) type of filters used;
On the inside,
) either the sound reduction index R,, of test speci-
- minimum distances between microphone and
J ken or the standardized sound level difference DnT,tr
room boundaries, especially test specimen, with
as a function of frequency, whichever is appropriate;
regard to near fields;
)L /I the area S used for evaluation of Rt,;
- number of microphone positions;
)n 1) brief description of details of procedure and equip-
- averaging time of the levels;
ment (see 3.4.5).
-
...
NORME INTERNATIONALE 14OlV
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDlZATlON*MEXllYHAPOllHAR OPrAHH3AUHfl no CTAHIIAPTH3AUHH.ORGANlSATlON INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATlOh
Acoustique - Mesurage de l'isolation acoustique des
immeubles et des éléments de construction -
Partie V : Mesurage sur place de l'isolation aux bruits aériens
des éléments de facade et des façades
Acoustics - Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements -
Part V : Field measurements of airborne sound insulation of facade elements and facades
Première édition - 1978-07-15
I
U
-
CDU 534.833.522.4.08 RBf. no : IS0 140/V-1978 (FI
m
IC
Q)
Descripteun : acoustique, mesurage acoustique, isolation acoustique, bâtiment, élément de construction, façade, essai, conditions d'essai,
essai en place, bruit aérien.
Prix basé sur 8 pages
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
AVANT-PROPOS
L'ISO (organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale
d'organismes nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de I'ISO). L'élaboration
des Normes internationales est confiée aux comités techniques de I'ISO. Chaque
comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du comité technique
correspondant. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec I'ISO, participent également aux travaux.
Les projets de Normes internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont
soumis aux comités membres pour approbation, avant leur acceptation comme
Normes internationales par le Conseil de I'ISO.
La Norme internationale IS0 140/V a été élaborée par le comité technique
ISO/TC 43, Acoustique, et a été soumise aux comités membres en mai 1976.
Les comités membres des pays suivants l'ont approuvée :
Afrique du Sud, Rép. d' France
Pologne
Allemagne Hongrie Roumanie
Australie
Inde Royaume-Uni
Autriche Israël
Suède
Belgique Italie Suisse
Canada Japon Tchécoslovaquie
Corée, Rép. de Mexique Turquie
Danemark Norvège U.R.S.S.
Espagne Nouvelle-Zélande U.S.A.
Finlande Pays-Bas
Aucun comité membre ne l'a désapprouvée.
Les annexes A, C et E font partie intégrante de la présente Norme internationale.
-1 Organisation internationale de normalisation. 1978 O
Imprimé en Suisse
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NORME INTERNATIONALE IS0 14O/V-1978 (F)
Acoustique - Mesurage de l‘isolation acoustique des
immeubles et des éléments de construction -
Partie V : Mesurage sur place de l‘isolation aux bruits aériens
des éléments de facade et des façades
IS0 14011 I I, Acoustique - Mesurage de l’isolation acous-
O INTRODUCTION
tique des immeubles et des éldments de construction -
Le but de la présente Norme internationale est :
Partie 111 : Mesurage en laboratoire de l’isolation aux bruits
aériens des éldments de construction.
- de donner des méthodes de mesurage des propriétés
d’isolation acoustique d’une façade par rapport à un
ISO/R 354, Mesure des coefficients d’absorption en salle
L bruit extérieur tel qu‘un bruit de circulation et, de cette
réverbéran te.
manière, de permettre de s‘assurer que les constructions
ISO/R 1996, Acoustique - Estimation du bruit par rapport
sont conformes aux conditions acoustiques désirées à
l’intérieur de l‘immeuble; aux rdactions des collectivitds.
- de donner les méthodes applicables sur place pour Publication CE1 225, Filtres de bandes d’octave, de demi-
déterminer si les façades sont conformes aux spécifi- octave et de tiers d’octave destinés à l’analyse des bruits et
cations des immeubles et pour rechercher OÙ se sont des vibrations.
produites des erreurs dans la construction des façades.
3 MESURAGE AVEC UN BRUIT DE CIRCULATION
1 OBJET ET DOMAINE D’APPLICATION
3.1 Principe
La présente Norme internationale spécifie les méthodes de
Si le son est incident sur I’éprouvette selon des directions
mesurage applicables sur place des propriétés d‘isolation
différentes et avec une intensité variable, comme par exem-
acoustique des façades, dans des conditions acoustiques
ple un bruit de circulation intense, l’indice d’affaiblissement
particulières, et de détermination de la protection apportée
est obtenu à partir des niveaux de pression équivalents
aux occupants par la façade de l‘immeuble.
mesurés en fonction de la fréquence, des deux côtés de
I’éprouvette. Cette grandeur est désignée par R,, et est
NOTE - Les mesurages en laboratoire des elements de façades sont
donnée par la formule :
traités dans I‘ISO 140/111.
..
3
L’éprouvette est située dans un mur extérieur (par exemple,
-
Rtr=Leq,, - Leq,2 + 101g-ddB
. . (1)
dans le cas d’une fenêtre) ou bien elle est le mur extérieur
A
lui-même (par exemple, une façade).
où
Lors de la détermination des conditions acoustiques exis-
Leq,, est le niveau de pression équivalent, mesuré
tantes, les mesu rages doivent être effectués, de préférence,
à 2 m en face de I’éprouvette, comprenant l‘effet réflé-
conformément au chapitre 3 avec un bruit routier (bruit
chissant de I’éprouvette;
provenant de directions différentes et variant en intensité).
Leq,Z est le niveau de pression équivalent dans la salle
Lors de l’essai des propriétés d’isolation aux bruits des
de réception moyenné dans toute la pièce;
façades, les mesurages peuvent également être réalisés
conformément au chapitre 4 avec un bruit de haut-parleur
S est l‘aire de I‘éprouvette (voir annexe A);
(bruit dirigé).
A est l‘aire d’absorption équivalente de la salle de
Toutefois, en tenant compte des différences dans la nature
réception.
du bruit incident, on ne peut espérer obtenir des résultats
NOTE - L‘équation (1) est applicable lorsque la portion de route
identiques par les deux méthodes.
est assez longue et droite pour assurer une distribution suffisamment
uniforme du bruit incident. Lorsque l’angle d’élévation (observé du
point de distance minimale entre l‘éprouvette et la portion de
route) est supérieur à 20” environ, il y aura prédominance des angles
2 RÉFÉRENCES
d‘incidence oblique et les résultats pourront être différents de ceux
obtenus au niveau du soi, d‘autant plus que l’indice d’affaiblisse-
IS0 140/11, Acoustique - Mesurage de l’isolation acous-
ment de I’eprouvette depend davantage de l‘angle d’incidence.
tique des immeubles et des Blements de construction -
Lorsque l‘angle d’elévation dépasse 50°, on ne devrait pas utiliser
Partie Il : Spckifications relatives à la fidélité. I’équation (1 ).
1
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IS0 14O/V-1978 (F)
important que les lectures réelles soient exprimées par l'une des
Dans le cas où l'on exige de mesurer la protection apportée
grandeurs Le,, L50 ou L10. (L~o et L10 sont les niveaux de pres-
par la façade sans tenir compte de sa construction et de son
sion acoustique qui sont dépasses pendant 50% et 10 % de la
aire, ou de sa position par rapport aux sources de bruit, on
période d'observation.) Dans certains cas, l'une d'entre elles sera
utilisera l'isolation acoustique normalisée DnT,tr, définie
mesurée pour d'autres raisons et il ne sera pas nécessaire de les
0
par la formule : mesurer toutes les trois, mais seulement celle qui convient le mieux
sur le moment. Lorsque l'on désire spécialement mesurer l'isola-
r
tion au bruit et non pas le trouble occasionné, il est préférable
+ 10lgidB
DnT,tr = Leq,l - Leq,2 d'utiliser Le,.
II
TO
où
Pour la détermination du niveau de pression équivalent
le microphone doit être placé à environ 2 m en face
T est la durée de réverbération mesurée dans la salle de
de I'éprouvette.
réception;
To est la durée de réverbération de référence, 0,5 s
On peut aussi placer le microphone aussi près que possible
pour les résidences.
(moins de 2 cm) de la face extérieure de I'éprouvette, avec
son axe parallèle à celle-ci. Dans ce cas, on soustrait 3 dB de
la valeur de R,, ou DnT,tr calculée, respectivement, à l'aide
3.2 Appa rei I I age
de I'équation (1) ou (2).
L'appareillage doit permettre de respecter les spécifications
NOTES d
de 3.4.
1 Lorsque l'on place le microphone aussi près que possible de
I'éprouvette, plusieurs difficultés peuvent survenir, par exemple :
3.3 Dispositions pour l'essai
a) les mesurages de niveau dépendent de façon critique de la
position du microphone par rapport à la face extérieure de
Pour les essais sur place, il n'est pas possible de normaliser
I'éprouvette;
la surface de I'éprouvette ni le volume et la forme de la
b) une impédance insuffisamment grande de I'éprouvette (élas-
salle de réception.
ticité des vitres de la fenêtre) peut provoquer des erreurs de
grandeur inconnue;
3.4 Mode opératoire et évaluation
c) une sensibilité et une directivité différentes du microphone
sur les deux côtés de I'éprouvette.
3.4.1 Production du champ acoustique
2 S'il y a un balcon en face de I'éprouvette, on ne peut appliquer le
un bruit routier pour déterminer l'indice d'affaiblisse-
mesurage avec
On utilise comme bruit d'excitation le bruit de circulation
ment de I'éprouvette.
existant, incident sur I'éprouvette.
Toutefois, la protection apportée. y compris celle du balcon, pourra
à 2 m en face du balcon et
être déterminée en plaçant le microphone
3.4.2 Mesurage des niveaux de pression equivalents
en utilisant I'équation (2).
Le niveau de pression équivalent Le, est défini par la
Le niveau de pression dans la salle de réception doit être
formule :
une moyenne dans l'espace et dans le temps. Cette moyenne
1 rT:
peut être obtenue en utilisant un certain nombre de posi-
J ' p2 (t) dt
--
tions fixes du microphone, ou un certain nombre de posi-
Ti O
Le, = 10 lg dB . . . (3)
tions stationnaires du microphone mobile télécommandé.
Les positions du microphone doivent être à l'extérieur du
champ proche de I'éprouvette.
où
p(t) est la pression acoustique en fonction du temps;
3.4.3 Intervalle de fréquences des mesurages
po = 20 pPa est la pression de référence;
Le niveau de pression doit être mesuré en utilisant des
filtres de bande d'octave ou de tiers d'octave. Les carac-
Ti est la durée d'intégration.
téristiques d'affaiblissement des filtres doivent être en
Le, peut être déterminé par un procédé d'intégration
accord avec la Publication CE1 225.
approprié ou (approximativement) au moyen d'une analyse
de distribution du bruit conformémeht à I'ISO/R 1996.
On doit utiliser des filtres de bande de tiers d'octave ayant
au minimum les fréquences médianes suivantes, en hertz :
Pour tenir compte des fluctuations possibles du bruit
routier, les niveaux de pression équivalents et
100 125 160 200 250 315
doivent être mesurés simultanément sur chaque face de
400 500 630 800 1 O00 1250
I'éprouvette, par exemple en enregistrant les signaux de
1600 2000 2500 3 150
bruit avec un enregistreur à deux pistes et en évaluant les
deux signaux à l'intérieur des mêmes intervalles de temps.
Si l'on utilise des filtres de bande d'octave, on doit utiliser
la fréquence
au minimum un ensemble commençant par
NOTE - Lorsque l'on détermine la différence des niveaux de
médiane 125 Hz et finissant à 2 O00 Hz.
pression moyens à partir de mesurages simultanés. il n'est pas
2
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IS0 14O/V-1978 (F)
3.4.4 Mesurage et évaluation de l‘aire d’absorption 3.6 Expression des résultats
équivalente
L‘isolation acoustique de I’éprouvette aux bruits aériens
Le terme correctif de I’équation (3) qui contient l’aire doit être exprimée par l‘indice d‘affaiblissement R,,, pour
d‘absorption équivalente peut être de préférence évalué toutes les fréquences de mesurage, sous la forme d’un
tableau et/ou d’une courbe. Pour les graphiques donnant les
à partir de la durée de réverbération, mesurée selon
niveaux en décibels en fonction de la fréquence portée sur
I’ISO/R 354 et évaluée en utilisant la formule de Sabine :
une échelle logarithmique, la longueur correspondant à un
0,163 V
rapport de fréquences 1O:l doit être égale à la longueur
A =- . . . (4)
T représentant 10 dB, 25 dB ou 50 dB en ordonnée.
où
3.7 Procès-verbal d‘essai
A est l’aire d’absorption équivalente, en mètres carrés;
En faisant référence à la présente Norme internationale, le
V est le volume de la salle de réception, en mètres procès-verbal d’essai doit contenir les indications suivantes :
cubes;
a) le nom du laboratoire qui a réalisé les mesurages;
T est la durée de réverbération, en secondes.
b) la date de l’essai;
Une autre méthode, pour évaluer l’aire d‘absorption équi-
L c) une description de I’éprouvette avec, si possible, une
valente, consiste à mesurer le niveau moyen de pression
coupe et les détails de montage;
acoustique produit par une source suffisamment stable dont
on connaît la puissance acoustique.
d) l’indication de I‘état de la circulation et le niveau de
pression équivalent Leq,, ;
3.4.5 Mode opératoire
e) un plan convenable de l‘immeuble, décrivant la posi-
Chaque laboratoire de mesurage doit déterminer un mode
tion de I’éprouvette par rapport au flux de la circulation;
opératoire conforme à la présente Norme internationale.
f) le volume et l‘aire d’absorption équivalente de la
Les facteurs qui affectent la répétabilité des mesurages sont
salle de réception;
les suivants :
g) la méthode appliquée pour déterminer les niveaux
A l’extérieur
de pression équivalents comprenant les intervalles de
temps utilisés et, dans le cas d‘une analyse de distribu-
- la ou les source(s) de bruit de circulation;
tion du bruit, la largeur de classe utilisée;
- la position du microphone par rapport a l’éprou-
h) le type des filtres utilisés;
vette.
c
/) soit l‘indice d’affaiblissement R,, de I‘éprouvette,
A l‘intérieur
3 soit l‘isolation acoustique normalisée DnT,tr en fonction
- la distance minimale entre le microphone et les de la fréquence, selon le cas;
parois de la salle et surtout I’éprouvette, en ce qui
b /J l’aire S utilisée pour I‘évaluation de R,,;
concerne le champ proche;
.-.-
une brève description des détails de l’appareillage et
- le nombre de positions du microphone; 1)
du mode opératoire (voir 3.4.5).
- la durée de moyennage des niveaux;
- la méthode de détermination de l’aire d‘absorp-
4 MESURAGE AVEC UN BRUIT DE HAUT-PARLEUR
tion équivalente, qui comporte un nombre de lectures
à chaque position.
répétées
4.1 Principe
Un exemple de conditions typiques d’essai est donné dans
Le haut-parleur est situé à l’extérieur de l’immeuble à une
l’annexe B.
distance convenable de I’éprouvette. Le son arrive sur celle-
ci principalement d‘une seule direction.
3.5 Fidélité
L’indice d‘affaiblisse
...
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