ISO 16232-1:2007
(Main)Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits — Part 1: Vocabulary
Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits — Part 1: Vocabulary
ISO 16232-1:2007 defines the vocabulary used in the characterization and measurement of particulate contamination of parts, components, sub-assemblies and assemblies constituting the fluid circuits of internal combustion engines of road vehicles. This applies to all components that may come into contact with a liquid (e.g. oil, fuel, air conditioning refrigerant, coolant), a solid lubricant or a gas (intake air). Unless otherwise specified, ISO 16232-1:2007 deals with particulate cleanliness only. It does not therefore cover appearance defects or contamination by liquid or gas materials. It covers the amount and the nature of residual particulate contaminants resulting from the whole manufacturing processes and from the environment.
Véhicules routiers — Propreté des composants des circuits de fluide — Partie 1: Vocabulaire
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16232-1
First edition
2007-06-01
Road vehicles — Cleanliness of
components of fluid circuits —
Part 1:
Vocabulary
Véhicules routiers — Propreté des composants des circuits de fluide —
Partie 1: Vocabulaire
Reference number
ISO 16232-1:2007(E)
©
ISO 2007
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ISO 16232-1:2007(E)
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© ISO 2007
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ISO 16232-1:2007(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references. 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Symbols and abreviations . 11
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ISO 16232-1:2007(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 16232-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 5, Engine
tests.
ISO 16232 consists of the following parts, under the general title Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components
of fluid circuits:
⎯ Part 1: Vocabulary
⎯ Part 2: Method of extraction of contaminants by agitation
⎯ Part 3: Method of extraction of contaminants by pressure rinsing
⎯ Part 4: Method of extraction of contaminants by ultrasonic techniques
⎯ Part 5: Method of extraction of contaminants on functional test bench
⎯ Part 6: Particle mass determination by gravimetric analysis
⎯ Part 7: Particle sizing and counting by microscopic analysis
⎯ Part 8: Particle nature determination by microscopic analysis
⎯ Part 9: Particle sizing and counting by automatic light extinction particle counter
⎯ Part 10: Expression of results
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ISO 16232-1:2007(E)
Introduction
The presence of particulate contamination in a fluid system is acknowledged to be a major factor governing
the life and reliability of that system. The presence of particles residual from the manufacturing and assembly
processes will cause a substantial increase in the wear rates of the system during the initial run-up and early
life, and may even cause catastrophic failures.
In order to achieve reliable performance of components and systems, control over the amount of particles
introduced during the build phase is necessary, and measurement of particulate contaminants is the basis of
control.
The ISO 16232 series has been drafted to fulfil the requirements of the automotive industry, since the function
and performance of modern automotive fluid components and systems are sensitive to the presence of a
single or a few critically sized particles. Consequently, ISO 16232 requires the analysis of the total volume of
extraction liquid and of all contaminants collected using an approved extraction method.
The ISO 16232 series has been based on existing ISO International Standards such as those developed by
ISO/TC131/SC6. These International Standards have been extended, modified and new ones have been
developed to produce a comprehensive suite of International Standards to measure and report the cleanliness
levels of parts and components fitted to automotive fluid circuits.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16232-1:2007(E)
Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits —
Part 1:
Vocabulary
1 Scope
This part of ISO 16232 defines the vocabulary used in the characterization and measurement of particulate
contamination of parts, components, sub-assemblies and assemblies constituting the fluid circuits of internal
combustion engines of road vehicles.
This applies to all components that may come into contact with a liquid (e.g. oil, fuel, air conditioning
refrigerant, coolant), a solid lubricant or a gas (intake air).
Unless otherwise specified, this International Standard deals with particulate cleanliness only. It does not
therefore cover appearance defects or contamination by liquid or gas materials.
It covers the amount and the nature of residual particulate contaminants resulting from the whole
manufacturing processes and from the environment.
NOTE This part of ISO 16232 also covers vocabulary that will not be applied in parts 2 to 10 of ISO 16232. This is in
order to complement unified usage of wording in the field of cleanliness of road vehicle components.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 14644-1:1999, Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments — Part 1: Classification of air
cleanliness
ISO/TS 16949:2002, Quality management systems — Particular requirements for the application of
ISO 9001:2000 for automotive production and relevant service part organizations
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
abrasive particle
particle liable to change the surface finish
3.2
active component
component which may set the fluid in motion or be activated by the fluid during operation, for example pump,
cylinder, distributor, injector, valve regulator
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ISO 16232-1:2007(E)
3.3
agitation
continuous and/or irregular movement of a component
3.4
agglomerate
two or more particles which are in intimate contact and cannot be separated by gentle stirring and the small
shear forces thus generated
3.5
ambient contamination
contaminants that are found in the atmosphere surrounding the component
NOTE In an industrial setting, they originate from the atmosphere itself (e.g. atmospheric dust, ventilation), from
operators (textile fibres, etc.) from transformation operations (grinding, welding, etc.) or from objects in contact with the
component (working surfaces, containers, etc.).
3.6
Automatic Particle Counter
automatic light extinction particle counter
APC
counter that works on the light extinction principle
3.7
back scattered electron detector
BSE detector
supply Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images with a high material contrast, used for the detection of
particles on a membrane filter
3.8
blank test
analysis carried out with the same operating conditions as on the test component but without the component
NOTE The blank test enables quantification of the contamination brought in from the environment, processes and
materials used.
3.9
clean
state of cleanliness of a component or a fluid that meets the specified cleanliness level that is to say with a
measured cleanliness level (CLm) lower than or equal to the specified cleanliness level (CLs)
3.10
cleaning
industrial process for the reduction of the quantity of contaminants present in a fluid, in or on a component
until the specified cleanliness level (CLs) has been reached
3.11
cleaning curve
progress curve of the cleanliness level of a fluid or component subject to cleaning
NOTE This definition relates to industrial process which can use gas or liquid.
3.12
cleanliness
condition of a product, surface, device, gas, liquid, etc., characterized by the absence of particulate
contamination
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ISO 16232-1:2007(E)
3.13
cleanliness audit
methodical and independent examination with the view of determining whether the manufacturing process of a
product and all the relevant activities provide the assurance that the cleanliness level shall be effectively
obtained and/or maintained
3.14
Component Cleanliness Code
CCC
alpha-numeric expression of the cleanliness level (CL) of a component measured or specified by the particle
size distribution of the contaminants
3.15
cleanliness inspection
range of operations aimed at bringing as many contaminants as possible from a component to a measuring
equipment for their analysis or quantification
NOTE It usually includes three steps: collection/conditioning of the component, extraction and analysis of the
contaminants.
3.16
cleanliness inspection equipment
all equipment and products used to extract, collect and analyse the contaminants in order to determine the
cleanliness level
3.17
cleanliness level
CL
amount and/or nature of contaminant present on the controlled surfaces and/or in controlled volumes of a
component
See Clause 4.
NOTE The term may apply to the presumed, specified or measured extent of contamination.
3.18
cleanliness specification
document that specifies the cleanliness level required (CLs) for a given component along with the agreed
inspection method
3.19
clean room
room whose ambient particulate contamination level does not have negative effect on the cleanliness
measurements
3.20
cleanroom
room in which the concentration of airborne particles is controlled, and which is constructed and used in a
manner to minimize the introduction, generation, and retention of particles inside the room, and in which other
relevant parameters e.g. temperature, humidity, and pressure, are controlled as necessary
[ISO 14644-1:1999]
NOTE Used only to show the difference between clean room as defined in 3.19.
3.21
clean sampling container
sampling device cleaned and conditioned according to an appropriate and validated method
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