ISO 14002-2:2023
(Main)Environmental management systems — Guidelines for using ISO 14001 to address environmental aspects and conditions within an environmental topic area — Part 2: Water
Environmental management systems — Guidelines for using ISO 14001 to address environmental aspects and conditions within an environmental topic area — Part 2: Water
This document gives general guidelines for organizations seeking to address water-related environmental aspects, environmental impacts, environmental conditions, and the associated risks and opportunities within an environmental management system in accordance with ISO 14001. The document addresses issues for environmental management related to water quantity and quality, such as water withdrawal, efficient use of water, and water discharge, as well as approaches to cope with water-related events such as flooding and droughts. The document considers the interconnections of water with other environmental media and takes a holistic approach to the management of water due to its impacts on ecosystems, ecosystem services, related biodiversity, as well as human life and well-being. This document is applicable to organizations irrespective of their size, type, financial resources, location and sector. It is applicable to all types of water and considers a life cycle perspective.
Systèmes de management environnemental — Lignes directrices pour l’utilisation de l’ISO 14001 afin de prendre en compte les conditions et aspects environnementaux dans le cadre d’une thématique environnementale donnée — Partie 2: Eau
Le présent document donne des lignes directrices à l’attention des organismes qui souhaitent aborder les aspects environnementaux, les impacts environnementaux, les conditions environnementales en lien avec l’eau, ainsi que les risques et opportunités associés dans le cadre d’un système de management environnemental conforme à l’ISO 14001. Le document aborde les questions de management environnemental liées à la quantité et à la qualité de l’eau, telles que le prélèvement d’eau, l’utilisation efficiente de l’eau et les rejets liquides, ainsi que les approches pour faire face aux événements liés à l’eau, tels que les inondations et les sécheresses. Le document prend en compte les interconnexions de l’eau avec d’autres milieux environnementaux et adopte une approche holistique de la gestion de l’eau en raison de ses impacts sur les écosystèmes, les services écosystémiques, la biodiversité associée, ainsi que sur la vie et le bien-être des êtres humains. Le présent document s’applique aux organismes, quels que soient leur taille, leur type, leurs ressources financières, leur localisation et leur secteur d’activité. Il est applicable à tous les types d’eaux et prend en compte la perspective du cycle de vie.
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14002-2
First edition
2023-05
Environmental management systems
— Guidelines for using
ISO 14001 to address environmental
aspects and conditions within an
environmental topic area —
Part 2:
Water
Systèmes de management environnemental — Lignes directrices pour
l’utilisation de l’ISO 14001 afin de prendre en compte les conditions
et aspects environnementaux dans le cadre d’une thématique
environnementale donnée —
Partie 2: Eau
Reference number
ISO 14002-2:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
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ISO 14002-2:2023(E)
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© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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Published in Switzerland
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ISO 14002-2:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Planning actions . 3
4.1 General . 3
4.2 Understanding the organization and its context related to water. 3
4.2.1 Conduct a water-related review . 3
4.2.2 Review water-related environmental aspects and impacts . 4
4.2.3 Determine risks and opportunities that need to be addressed . 5
4.2.4 Establish a baseline . 6
4.2.5 Manage change . 6
4.3 Determine appropriate actions . 7
5 Taking action . 9
5.1 General . 9
5.2 Environmental objectives . 11
5.3 Support actions . 12
5.4 Operational controls . 12
5.4.1 General .12
5.4.2 Types of control .12
5.4.3 Life cycle perspective .13
5.4.4 Emergency preparedness and response . 14
5.5 Performance action . 15
5.6 Unintended consequences of actions taken . 15
6 Evaluating the effectiveness of actions .16
6.1 General . 16
6.2 Monitoring, measurement and analysis . 16
6.2.1 General . 16
6.2.2 Indicators of performance . 17
7 Improvement .18
Annex A (informative) Example of a public water utility — Ames Community Water system.20
Annex B (informative) Example of a dairy cooperative — Pavitra Dairy Ltd. .24
Annex C (informative) Example of a chemical facility — AB Chemical .28
Annex D (informative) Clarification of concepts .33
Bibliography .34
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ISO 14002-2:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 207, Environmental management,
Subcommittee SC 1, Environmental management systems, in collaboration with the European Committee
for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/SS S26, Environmental management, in accordance
with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
A list of all parts in the ISO 14002 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO 14002-2:2023(E)
Introduction
0.1 Background
Water is a vital element for the functioning of all living systems on earth and therefore also for human
life and well-being. Ecosystems and related biodiversity, also seen as natural capital, can only deliver
their multiple values and provide their natural services when appropriately preserved, their resilience
maintained, and the respective planetary boundaries respected by economy and society. Protection of
water resources is an integral part of sustainable development and is essential for achieving the United
[25]
Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) , specifically SDG 6 (clean water and sanitation) and
SDG 14 (life below water). Furthermore, protection of water resources has an indirect impact on other
goals, such as SDG 2 (zero hunger), SDG12 (responsible consumption and production), SDG13 (climate
action) and SDG15 (life on land).
Many organizations apply the general ISO 14001 framework to manage their interactions with the
environment. This document provides guidance and examples focused on applying the ISO 14001
framework to address water-related environmental aspects and impacts, as well as water-related
environmental conditions and dependencies on water that can have an effect on the organization.
It supports organizations to plan action(s) in relation to environmental impacts, and to water
dependencies and vulnerabilities at their site(s), in the watershed, and in the life cycle of their products
and services. This includes strategic planning and taking actions in relation to:
— protecting aquatic ecosystems and ecosystem services as well as related ecosystems contributing
to water balance (e.g. forests);
— protecting water supplies and ensuring water availability;
— minimizing the use of water and water consumption;
— protecting and enhancing water quality;
— adapting and responding to water-related environmental conditions, such as seawater rise, changing
precipitation patterns, or gradual changes in water availability and quality;
— preparing for foreseeable water-related events, such as flooding and droughts.
This document is designed for compatibility with other standards related to sustainable use and
protection of water resources. It is based on ISO 14002-1 and follows the same approach and order as
ISO 14001 but does not address every subclause.
0.2 Risk-based approach
The document refers to water-related environmental aspects, environmental impacts, environmental
conditions, and the associated water-related risks and opportunities, including those across the
life cycle of an organization’s products and services, where appropriate. This document enables
organizations to address:
— actual and potential adverse or beneficial impacts on water resources and aquatic ecosystems,
originating from their activities or their supply chains;
— actual and potential effects on the organization itself, including risks and opportunities related to
the dependency on water.
Potential effects on the organization can include acute and chronic physical threats (e.g. from
extreme events such as the flooding of an organization’s premises, or the accumulation of pollution
in an organization’s water supply) as well as transitional risks and opportunities related to changes
in regulations, technology, the market, or to the organization’s reputation, and opportunities for
contributions to sustainable development from a life cycle perspective.
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The magnitude of water-related risks and opportunities is influenced by various context-related factors
(e.g. climatic, geographical, ecological, socio-economic, water footprint of the organization, applicable
compliance obligations), including:
— an organization’s vulnerability to water scarcity, water quality, changes in ecosystem services,
flooding, and climate change;
— the condition or quality of water bodies or aquatic ecosystems an organization has or can have an
impact on, or depends upon;
— increasing competition for water use or conflict over safe access to water resources in a particular
location;
— the condition of infrastructures, including water supply, distribution systems and wastewater
treatment.
0.3 Holistic approach to the management of water
An environmental management system according to ISO 14001 requires an organization to evaluate
its activities, products and services in order to determine its significant environmental aspects and
environmental conditions affecting the organization, as well as relevant risks and opportunities that
need to be addressed. This process involves applying a life cycle perspective as part of a comprehensive
evaluation of the various impacts an organization can have on the environment and how it depends on
it.
An organization that intends to focus its environmental management efforts on water should recognize
the interrelations of water with other environmental media and respective ecosystems. It should
be aware that the actions it plans and implements to improve water quality or availability can incur
adverse impacts on other environmental media like soil and air, or impacts on terrestrial ecosystems.
For example, aeration basins or ponds used in wastewater treatment can emit volatile organic
compounds to air, and taking action to enhance biodegradation of trichloroethylene in contaminated
groundwater can lead to the formation of intermediates or metabolites such as vinyl chloride that are
even more hazardous in the ecosystem, and to humans. To avoid such unintended consequences, this
document encourages an organization to take a holistic approach when managing water.
Figure 1 shows how ISO 14001 and the parts of the ISO 14002 series can be applied using a holistic
approach.
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ISO 14002-2:2023(E)
Key
EMS environmental management system
Figure 1 — Interaction between ISO 14001 and the ISO 14002 series
0.4 Using this document to address the environmental topic area of water within an
environmental management system
An organization can use this document to help determine how best to address the sustainable use and
protection of water resources within an environmental management system. This can be related to, for
example:
— specific commitment(s) in the organization’s environmental policy, e.g. related to prevention of
water pollution, efficient use of water, preservation of aquatic ecosystems and related biodiversity,
or sustainable use of marine ecosystem services;
— one or more of its significant environmental aspects or compliance obligations related to water use,
water conservation, water pollution, aquatic ecosystems and species, ecosystem services, etc.;
— compliance with applicable legal requirements and permits;
— commitments related to an organization’s social responsibility;
— specific risks and opportunities that need to be addressed for water-related environmental
conditions or with regard to dependencies on water.
0.5 Case studies
The guidance provided in this document includes four case studies of organizations applying the
ISO 14001 framework to address water-related environmental aspects and environmental impacts,
environmental conditions, and the associated risks and opportunities that need to be addressed.
The organizations in these case studies are fictional, and serve as illustrative examples in diverse
contexts, including different industry sectors known to have water-related environmental aspects and
environmental impacts, and different geographic locations and environmental conditions. These cases
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ISO 14002-2:2023(E)
are provided to illustrate how this document can be applied, with examples from different settings and
perspectives, and are not intended as models or templates for applying ISO 14001 or this document.
The first of these cases represents a paper mill and is incorporated in the main body of the document,
with examples shown in each clause as appropriate. The other three cases, representing a water
utility, a dairy cooperative, and a chemical manufacturing facility, are provided for further reference in
Annexes A, B and C. Annex D provides clarification on the usage of some concepts and terminology in
this document to enhance user understanding.
0.6 Benefits
The benefits of applying this document can include:
— supporting the fulfilment of compliance obligations related to water withdrawal, water consumption,
water quality and public policies;
— enhancing environmental performance and fostering resilient ecosystems by achieving
environmental objectives through the management of water-related environmental aspects;
— protecting the environment through prevention or mitigation of adverse impacts on water resources
and ecosystems;
— preventing and mitigating water-related business risks and leveraging opportunities in an
organization’s operations and its supply chain, in response to changing environmental conditions;
— aligning the environmental management system with the organization’s strategic direction, e.g. to
support specific environmental policy or organizational commitments related to sustainable use
and protection of water resources;
— supporting water-related SDGs;
— contributing to compliance with international agreements and conventions related to water as well
as the transition to a circular economy (reduction, replacement and reuse of water).
These benefits can also lead to cost reductions, security of supply and production, better relations with
relevant interested parties, improved public image, or the maintenance of a social “licence to operate”.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14002-2:2023(E)
Environmental management systems — Guidelines for
using ISO 14001 to address environmental aspects and
conditions within an environmental topic area —
Part 2:
Water
1 Scope
This document gives general guidelines for organizations seeking to address water-related
environmental aspects, environmental impacts, environmental conditions, and the associated risks
and opportunities within an environmental management system in accordance with ISO 14001.
The document addresses issues for environmental management related to water quantity and quality,
such as water withdrawal, efficient use of water, and water discharge, as well as approaches to cope
with water-related events such as flooding and droughts. The document considers the interconnections
of water with other environmental media and takes a holistic approach to the management of water
due to its impacts on ecosystems, ecosystem services, related biodiversity, as well as human life and
well-being.
This document is applicable to organizations irrespective of their size, type, financial resources,
location and sector. It is applicable to all types of water and considers a life cycle perspective.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 14001, Environmental management systems — Requirements with guidance for use
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 14001 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
environmental topic area
area of interest or concern for environmental management in an organization in relation to its
surroundings
[SOURCE: ISO 14002-1:2019, 3.1]
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3.2
environmental aspect
element of an organization’s activities or products or services that interacts or can interact with the
environment
Note 1 to entry: An environmental aspect can cause (an) environmental impact(s) (3.4). A significant environmental
aspect is one that has or can have one or more significant environmental impact(s).
Note 2 to entry: Significant environmental aspects are determined by the organization applying one or more
criteria.
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.2]
3.3
environmental condition
state or characteristic of the environment as determined at a certain point in time
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.3]
3.4
environmental impact
change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an
organization’s environmental aspects (3.2)
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.4]
3.5
risks and opportunities
potential adverse effects (threats) and potential beneficial effects (opportunities)
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.11]
3.6
life cycle
consecutive and interlinked stages of a product (or service) system, from raw material acquisition or
generation from natural resources to final disposal
Note 1 to entry: The life cycle stages include acquisition of raw materials, design, production, transportation/
delivery, use, end-of-life treatment and final disposal.
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.3.3]
3.7
water consumption
portion of water use that is neither returned to the original water source after being withdrawn nor
available for reclamation
Note 1 to entry: Water consumption refers to water used by an organization.
[SOURCE: ISO 46001:2019, 3.31, modified — Note 1 to entry replaced.]
3.8
ecosystem
dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities, and their non-living environment
interacting as a functional entity
EXAMPLE Deserts, coral reefs, wetlands, rain forests, boreal forests, grasslands, urban parks, cultivated
farmlands.
Note 1 to entry: Ecosystems can be influenced by human activity.
[SOURCE: ISO 14008:2019, 3.1.6]
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ISO 14002-2:2023(E)
3.9
ecosystem service
benefit people obtain from ecosystems (3.8)
Note 1 to entry: These are generally distinguished into provisioning, regulating, supporting and cultural
services. Ecosystem services include the provisioning of goods (e.g. food, fuel, raw materials, fibre), regulating
services (e.g. climate regulation, disease control), and non-material benefits (cultural services) (e.g. spiritual or
aesthetic benefits). The supporting services are necessary for the production of all other ecosystem services (e.g.
soil formation, nutrient cycling, water cycling) and are also referred to as “ecosystem functions”.
Note 2 to entry: Ecosystem services are sometimes called “environmental services” or “ecological services”.
[SOURCE: ISO 14008:2019, 3.2.11]
3.10
leading indicator
metric that gives an indication of expected performance
[SOURCE: ISO 10014:2021, 3.9]
3.11
lagging indicator
metric that gives an indication of past performance
[SOURCE: ISO 10014:2021, 3.10]
4 Planning actions
4.1 General
An organization that has an interest in the sustainable use and protection of water resources, has
significant environmental aspects and impacts related to water, or has identified risks and opportunities
that need to be addressed due to effects of changing water-related environmental conditions should
undertake a planning process to determine appropriate actions. This process includes a commitment
by the organization’s leadership, as well as interested parties where relevant, to address water-related
interests and concerns, and should involve a review of information and circumstances to:
— gain an understanding of the organization’s context in relation to water;
— establish baselines for water-related environmental performance and conditions.
An organization can benefit from taking a broad perspective in this review, considering activities that
are connected to the water balance of the organization (i.e. related to water inputs and outputs), its sites
or units and other environmental aspects such as releases to soil or emissions to air (e.g. particulate
matter, acid rain precursors) that can lead to water pollution.
NOTE ISO 46001:2019, Annex C, provides guidance on preparing a water balance.
4.2 Understanding the organization and its context related to water
4.2.1 Conduct a water-related review
When deciding on appropriate actions, an organization should review and consider its internal and
external issues and circumstances in relation to water use, dependency, vulnerabilities and related
compliance obligations to be addressed in its environmental management system. This consideration
should also include taking a life cycle perspective of an organization’s products and services including
water-related impacts in their supply chain.
Gathering detailed information, including related strategies, objectives, and targets can be useful.
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ISO 14002-2:2023(E)
Important information for a review related to water should include operational and watershed-related
information, and information related to the organization’s environmental aspects and impacts. This
can include, for example:
— information related to the watershed, water source or water body, including:
— the status of water availability, extraction and limits on access to water (e.g. over withdrawal
from water catchment, water conflicts);
— geographic features or characteristics of the site (e.g. drainage, river basin);
— sensitivity of ecosystems to changes in water quantity and quality;
— local water sources, river basin and catchment information (e.g. water balance, water quality,
important water-related areas, other water users, governance framework), considering national
and transboundary situations;
— situations that can lead to over-exploitation of aquatic ecosystems (e.g. overfishing, mass
tourism, energy production);
— information related to the organization’s operations, including:
— the quantity of water used (water withdrawn, consumed, lost or returned to the original water
source);
— characteristics of wastewater generated (e.g. the level of treatment, treatment capacity, and
effluent quality);
— the quality of water required for the organization’s activities;
— identified water-related events or conditions that can affect the organization (e.g. floods,
drought, threats to water quality, consequences of climate change);
— interested parties and their relevant needs or expectations;
— specific compliance obligations (e.g. permits, licences, volu
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 14002-2
Première édition
2023-05
Systèmes de management
environnemental — Lignes directrices
pour l’utilisation de l’ISO 14001 afin
de prendre en compte les conditions
et aspects environnementaux
dans le cadre d’une thématique
environnementale donnée —
Partie 2:
Eau
Environmental management systems — Guidelines for using ISO
14001 to address environmental aspects and conditions within an
environmental topic area —
Part 2: Water
Numéro de référence
ISO 14002-2:2023(F)
© ISO 2023
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ISO 14002-2:2023(F)
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2023
Tous droits réservés. Sauf prescription différente ou nécessité dans le contexte de sa mise en œuvre, aucune partie de cette
publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique,
y compris la photocopie, ou la diffusion sur l’internet ou sur un intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Une autorisation peut
être demandée à l’ISO à l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
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CH-1214 Vernier, Genève
Tél.: +41 22 749 01 11
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Publié en Suisse
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ISO 14002-2:2023(F)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction .v
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives .1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
4 Planification d’actions .3
4.1 Généralités . 3
4.2 Compréhension de l’organisme et de son contexte en rapport avec l’eau . 4
4.2.1 Réaliser un examen en lien avec l’eau . 4
4.2.2 Examiner les aspects et impacts environnementaux liés à l’eau. 5
4.2.3 Déterminer les risques et les opportunités qui doivent être traités. 5
4.2.4 Établissement d’un référentiel . 6
4.2.5 Gérer le changement . 7
4.3 Déterminer les actions appropriées . 7
5 Mise en œuvre des actions . 9
5.1 Généralités . 9
5.2 Objectifs environnementaux . 11
5.3 Actions de soutien .12
5.4 Moyens de maîtrise opérationnels.12
5.4.1 Généralités .12
5.4.2 Types de moyens de maîtrise .12
5.4.3 Perspective de cycle de vie . 13
5.4.4 Préparation et réponse aux situations d’urgence . 14
5.5 Action de performance .15
5.6 Conséquences inattendues des actions entreprises . 15
6 Évaluation de l’efficacité des actions.16
6.1 Généralités . 16
6.2 Surveillance, mesure et analyse . 17
6.2.1 Généralités . 17
6.2.2 Indicateurs de performance . 18
7 Amélioration .19
Annexe A (informative) Exemple d’un opérateur public de distribution d’eau —
Ames Community Water .21
Annexe B (informative) Exemple d’une coopérative laitière — Pavitra Dairy Ltd.25
Annexe C (informative) Exemple d’une usine chimique — AB Chemical .29
Annexe D (informative) Clarification des concepts .35
Bibliographie .36
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ISO 14002-2:2023(F)
Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d’organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l’ISO). L’élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l’ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude
a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l’ISO participent également aux travaux.
L’ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui
concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier, de prendre note des différents
critères d’approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a été
rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2 (voir
www.iso.org/directives).
L’ISO attire l’attention sur le fait que la mise en application du présent document peut entraîner
l’utilisation d’un ou de plusieurs brevets. L’ISO ne prend pas position quant à la preuve, à la validité
et à l’applicabilité de tout droit de brevet revendiqué à cet égard. À la date de publication du présent
document, l’ISO n’avait pas reçu notification qu’un ou plusieurs brevets pouvaient être nécessaires à sa
mise en application. Toutefois, il y a lieu d’avertir les responsables de la mise en application du présent
document que des informations plus récentes sont susceptibles de figurer dans la base de données de
brevets, disponible à l’adresse www.iso.org/brevets. L’ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne
pas avoir identifié tout ou partie de tels droits de propriété.
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données
pour information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un
engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l’ISO liés à l’évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l’adhésion
de l’ISO aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles
techniques au commerce (OTC), voir www.iso.org/avant-propos.
Le présent document a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 207, Management environnemental,
sous-comité SC 1, Systèmes de management environnemental, en collaboration avec le comité technique
CEN/SS S26, Management environnemental, du Comité européen de normalisation (CEN) conformément
à l’Accord de coopération technique entre l’ISO et le CEN (Accord de Vienne).
Une liste de toutes les parties de la série ISO 14002 se trouve sur le site web de l’ISO.
Il convient que l’utilisateur adresse tout retour d’information ou toute question concernant le présent
document à l’organisme national de normalisation de son pays. Une liste exhaustive desdits organismes
se trouve à l’adresse www.iso.org/fr/members.html.
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ISO 14002-2:2023(F)
Introduction
0.1 Contexte
L’eau est un élément vital au fonctionnement de tous les systèmes vivants sur terre et, par conséquent, à
la vie et au bien-être des êtres humains. Les écosystèmes et la biodiversité qui y est associée, également
considérés comme le capital naturel, ne peuvent offrir leurs multiples valeurs et fournir leurs services
naturels que lorsqu’ils sont préservés de manière appropriée, que leur résilience perdure et que les
frontières planétaires respectives sont respectées par l’économie et la société. La préservation des
ressources en eau fait partie intégrante du développement durable et est essentielle pour atteindre les
[25]
objectifs de développement durable (ODD) des Nations Unies, en particulier l’ODD 6 (Eau propre et
assainissement) et l’ODD 14 (Vie aquatique). En outre, la préservation des ressources en eau a un impact
indirect sur d’autres objectifs, tels que l’ODD 2 (Faim « zéro »), l’ODD 12 (Consommation et production
responsables), l’ODD 13 (Mesures relatives à la lutte contre les changements climatiques) et l’ODD 15
(Vie terrestre).
De nombreux organismes appliquent le cadre général de l’ISO 14001 pour gérer leurs interactions
avec l’environnement. Le présent document fournit des recommandations et des exemples axés sur
l’application du cadre de l’ISO 14001 pour traiter les aspects et les impacts environnementaux, ainsi que
les conditions environnementales en lien avec l’eau et les dépendances à l’égard de l’eau pouvant avoir
un effet sur l’organisme. Il aide les organismes à planifier des actions en rapport avec les impacts
environnementaux, ainsi qu’avec les dépendances et vulnérabilités à l’égard de l’eau sur leur(s) site(s),
dans le bassin versant et dans le cycle de vie de leurs produits et services. Cela comprend la planification
stratégique et la mise en œuvre d’actions en relation avec ce qui suit:
— la protection des écosystèmes aquatiques et des services écosystémiques ainsi que des écosystèmes
connexes contribuant au bilan hydrique (par exemple, les forêts);
— la protection des réserves d’eau et la garantie de la disponibilité en eau;
— la réduction dans toute la mesure possible de l’utilisation de l’eau et de la consommation d’eau;
— la protection et l’amélioration de la qualité de l’eau;
— l’adaptation et la réponse aux conditions environnementales liées à l’eau, telles que l’élévation du
niveau de la mer, la modification du régime des précipitations ou les changements progressifs dans
la disponibilité et la qualité de l’eau;
— la préparation aux événements prévisibles liés à l’eau, tels que les inondations et les sécheresses.
Le présent document a été conçu pour être compatible avec les autres normes relatives à l’utilisation
durable et à la préservation des ressources en eau. Fondé sur l’ISO 14002-1, il suit la même approche et
le même ordre des éléments que l’ISO 14001, mais ne traite pas tous les paragraphes.
0.2 Approche fondée sur le risque
Le document aborde les aspects environnementaux, les impacts environnementaux et les conditions
environnementales en lien avec l’eau, ainsi que les risques et opportunités liés à l’eau qui y sont associés,
y compris ceux au cours du cycle de vie des produits et services d’un organisme, le cas échéant. Le
présent document permet aux organismes de traiter ce qui suit:
— les impacts négatifs ou positifs réels et potentiels sur les ressources en eau et les écosystèmes
aquatiques, du fait de leurs activités ou de leurs chaînes d’approvisionnement;
— les effets réels et potentiels sur l’organisme en tant que tel, y compris les risques et opportunités
associés à la dépendance à l’égard de l’eau.
Ces effets potentiels sur l’organisme peuvent comprendre des menaces physiques graves et
chroniques (par exemple, des événements extrêmes, tels que l’inondation des locaux d’un organisme,
ou l’accumulation de pollution dans l’approvisionnement en eau d’un organisme), ainsi que les risques
et opportunités transitoires liés à des changements dans la réglementation, la technologie, le marché ou
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ISO 14002-2:2023(F)
la réputation de l’organisme, et les opportunités de contribution au développement durable dans une
perspective de cycle de vie.
L’ampleur des opportunités et des risques liés à l’eau dépend de divers facteurs associés au contexte (par
exemple, climatiques, géographiques, écologiques et socio-économiques, empreinte eau de l’organisme,
obligations de conformité applicables), notamment:
— la vulnérabilité d’un organisme à la pénurie d’eau, à la qualité de l’eau, aux changements dans les
services écosystémiques, aux inondations et au changement climatique;
— l’état ou la qualité des plans d’eau ou des écosystèmes aquatiques sur lesquels un organisme a ou
peut avoir un impact ou dont il dépend;
— l’augmentation de la concurrence pour l’utilisation de l’eau ou les conflits pour un accès sûr aux
ressources en eau dans un endroit particulier;
— l’état des infrastructures, y compris pour l’approvisionnement en eau, les systèmes de distribution
et le traitement des eaux usées.
0.3 Approche holistique de la gestion de l’eau
Un système de management environnemental conforme à l’ISO 14001 exige d’un organisme qu’il évalue
ses activités, produits et services afin de déterminer ses aspects environnementaux significatifs et les
conditions environnementales affectant l’organisme, ainsi que les risques et opportunités pertinents
qu’il est nécessaire de prendre en compte. Ce processus implique l’application d’une perspective de
cycle de vie dans le cadre d’une évaluation complète des divers impacts qu’un organisme peut avoir sur
l’environnement et de la façon dont il en dépend.
Il convient qu’un organisme qui a l’intention de concentrer ses efforts de management environnemental
sur l’eau reconnaisse les interrelations de l’eau avec les autres milieux environnementaux et les
écosystèmes respectifs. Il convient que l’organisme ait conscience que les actions qu’il planifie et met en
œuvre pour améliorer la qualité ou la disponibilité de l’eau peuvent avoir des effets négatifs sur d’autres
milieux environnementaux, tels que le sol et l’air, ou sur les écosystèmes terrestres. Par exemple, les
bassins d’aération ou les étangs utilisés dans le traitement des eaux usées peuvent émettre des composés
organiques volatils dans l’air, et la mise en œuvre d’actions visant à améliorer la biodégradation du
trichloréthylène dans les eaux souterraines contaminées peut conduire à la formation de produits
intermédiaires ou de métabolites, tels que le chlorure de vinyle, qui sont encore plus dangereux pour
l’écosystème et pour les êtres humains. Pour éviter de telles conséquences inattendues, le présent
document encourage un organisme à adopter une approche holistique de la gestion de l’eau.
La Figure 1 montre comment l’ISO 14001 et les parties de la série de normes ISO 14002 peuvent être
appliquées en utilisant une approche holistique.
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ISO 14002-2:2023(F)
Légende
SME système de management environnemental
Figure 1 — Interactions entre l’ISO 14001 et la série de normes ISO 14002
0.4 Utilisation du présent document pour traiter la thématique environnementale de l’eau dans
le cadre d’un système de management environnemental
Un organisme peut se servir du présent document afin de tenter de déterminer la meilleure façon de
veiller à une consommation durable et à la préservation des ressources en eau au sein d’un système de
management environnemental. Cela peut être lié, par exemple:
— à un ou plusieurs engagements spécifiques de la politique environnementale de l’organisme,
par exemple en matière de prévention de la pollution de l’eau, d’utilisation efficiente de l’eau,
de préservation des écosystèmes aquatiques et de la biodiversité qui y est associée, ou d’utilisation
durable des services écosystémiques marins;
— à un ou plusieurs de ses aspects environnementaux significatifs ou obligations de conformité liés
à l’utilisation de l’eau, à la conservation de l’eau, à la pollution de l’eau, aux écosystèmes et espèces
aquatiques, aux services écosystémiques, etc.;
— à la conformité aux exigences légales et aux permis applicables;
— aux engagements associés à la responsabilité sociale d’un organisme;
— aux risques et opportunités spécifiques qu’il est nécessaire de gérer en fonction des conditions
environnementales liées à l’eau ou à l’égard des dépendances à l’eau.
0.5 Études de cas
Les recommandations fournies dans le présent document incluent quatre études de cas d’organismes
appliquant le cadre de l’ISO 14001 afin de traiter les aspects environnementaux et les impacts
environnementaux, les conditions environnementales en lien avec l’eau, ainsi que les risques et
opportunités associés qui doivent être pris en compte. Les organismes présentés dans ces études de cas
sont fictifs et servent d’exemples dans divers contextes, y compris différents secteurs industriels connus
pour leurs aspects environnementaux et leurs impacts environnementaux liés à l’eau, et différents lieux
géographiques et conditions environnementales. Ces cas sont fournis pour illustrer comment le présent
document peut être appliqué, avec des exemples provenant de différents contextes et perspectives, et ne
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ISO 14002-2:2023(F)
sont pas destinés à servir de modèles ou de gabarits pour l’application de l’ISO 14001 ou du présent
document.
Le premier de ces cas représente une papeterie et est intégré dans le corps principal du document,
avec des exemples présentés dans chaque article, suivant le cas. Les trois autres cas, représentant
un opérateur de distribution d’eau, une coopérative laitière et une usine de fabrication de produits
chimiques, sont fournis à titre de référence dans les Annexes A, B et C. L’Annexe D clarifie certains
concepts et la terminologie utilisés dans le présent document afin de faciliter sa compréhension
par l’utilisateur.
0.6 Avantages
Parmi les avantages de l’application du présent document peut figurer ce qui suit:
— soutenir le respect des obligations de conformité liées au prélèvement d’eau, à la consommation
d’eau et à la qualité de l’eau et aux politiques publiques;
— l’amélioration de la performance environnementale et la promotion d’écosystèmes résilients en
atteignant des objectifs environnementaux par la gestion des aspects environnementaux liés à l’eau;
— la protection de l’environnement par la prévention ou l’atténuation des impacts négatifs sur les
ressources en eau et les écosystèmes;
— la prévention et l’atténuation des risques commerciaux liés à l’eau et l’exploitation des opportunités
dans les activités d’un organisme et dans sa chaîne d’approvisionnement, en réponse à l’évolution
des conditions environnementales;
— l’alignement du système de management environnemental sur l’orientation stratégique de
l’organisme par exemple pour soutenir une politique environnementale ou des engagements
spécifiques de l’organisme relatifs à l’utilisation durable et à la préservation des ressources en eau;
— le soutien à la réalisation des ODD liés à l’eau;
— la contribution au respect des conventions et accords internationaux liés à l’eau ainsi qu’à la
transition vers une économie circulaire (réduction, remplacement et réutilisation de l’eau).
Ces avantages peuvent également conduire à des réductions de coûts, à la sécurité de l’approvisionnement
et de la production, à de meilleures relations avec les parties intéressées concernées, à une amélioration
de l’image publique ou au maintien d’une « licence d’exploitation » sociale.
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NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 14002-2:2023(F)
Systèmes de management environnemental — Lignes
directrices pour l’utilisation de l’ISO 14001 afin de prendre
en compte les conditions et aspects environnementaux
dans le cadre d’une thématique environnementale
donnée —
Partie 2:
Eau
1 Domaine d’application
Le présent document donne des lignes directrices à l’attention des organismes qui souhaitent aborder
les aspects environnementaux, les impacts environnementaux, les conditions environnementales en
lien avec l’eau, ainsi que les risques et opportunités associés dans le cadre d’un système de management
environnemental conforme à l’ISO 14001.
Le document aborde les questions de management environnemental liées à la quantité et à la qualité
de l’eau, telles que le prélèvement d’eau, l’utilisation efficiente de l’eau et les rejets liquides, ainsi que
les approches pour faire face aux événements liés à l’eau, tels que les inondations et les sécheresses.
Le document prend en compte les interconnexions de l’eau avec d’autres milieux environnementaux
et adopte une approche holistique de la gestion de l’eau en raison de ses impacts sur les écosystèmes,
les services écosystémiques, la biodiversité associée, ainsi que sur la vie et le bien-être des êtres
humains.
Le présent document s’applique aux organismes, quels que soient leur taille, leur type, leurs ressources
financières, leur localisation et leur secteur d’activité. Il est applicable à tous les types d’eaux et prend
en compte la perspective du cycle de vie.
2 Références normatives
Les documents suivants sont cités dans le texte de sorte qu’ils constituent, pour tout ou partie de leur
contenu, des exigences du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule l’édition citée s’applique.
Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du document de référence s’applique (y compris les
éventuels amendements).
ISO 14001, Systèmes de management environnemental — Exigences et lignes directrices pour son utilisation
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et les définitions de l’ISO 14001 ainsi que les suivants
s’appliquent.
L’ISO et l’IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées en
normalisation, consultables aux adresses suivantes:
— ISO Online browsing platform: disponible à l’adresse https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: disponible à l’adresse https:// www .electropedia .org/
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ISO 14002-2:2023(F)
3.1
thématique environnementale
domaine d’intérêt ou de préoccupation pour un organisme en matière de management environnemental,
en relation avec son milieu
[SOURCE: ISO 14002-1:2019, 3.1]
3.2
aspect environnemental
élément des activités, produits ou services d’un organisme interagissant ou susceptible d’interactions
avec l’environnement
Note 1 à l'article: Un aspect environnemental peut causer un ou plusieurs impacts environnementaux (3.4).
Un aspect environnemental significatif est un aspect environnemental qui a ou peut avoir un ou plusieurs impacts
environnementaux significatifs.
Note 2 à l'article: Les aspects environnementaux significatifs sont déterminés par l’organisme en utilisant un ou
plusieurs critères.
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.2]
3.3
condition environnementale
état ou caractéristique de l’environnement tel que déterminé à un moment donné
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.3]
3.4
impact environnemental
modification de l’environnement, négative ou bénéfique, résultant totalement ou partiellement des
aspects environnementaux (3.2) d’un organisme
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.4]
3.5
risques et opportunités
effets négatifs potentiels (menaces) et effets bénéfiques potentiels (opportunités)
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.11]
3.6
cycle de vie
phases consécutives et liées d’un système de produits (ou de services), de l’acquisition des matières
premières ou de la génération des ressources naturelles à l’élimination finale
Note 1 à l'article: Les phases du cycle de vie incluent l’acquisition des matières premières, la conception,
la production, le transport/la livraison, l’utilisation, le traitement en fin de vie et l’élimination finale.
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.3.3]
3.7
consommation d’eau
partie de l’utilisation de l’eau qui ne revient pas à la source d’eau d’origine après avoir été prélevée et
qui n’est pas non plus disponible pour sa réutilisation
Note 1 à l'article: La consommation d’eau fait référence à l’eau utilisée par un organisme.
[SOURCE: ISO 46001:2019, 3.31, modifié — La Note 1 à l’article a été remplacée.]
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ISO 14002-2:2023(F)
3.8
écosystème
complexe dynamique formé de communautés de plantes, d’animaux et de micro-organismes et de leur
environnement non vivant qui, par leur interaction, forment une unité fonctionnelle
EXEMPLE Déserts, récifs coralliens, zones humides, forêts tropicales, forêts boréales, prairies, parcs
urbains, terres agricoles cultivées.
Note 1 à l'article: Les écosystèmes peuvent être influencés par l’activité humaine.
[SOURCE: ISO 14008:2019, 3.1.6]
3.9
service écosystémique
bénéfice que les individus retirent des écosystèmes (3.8)
Note 1 à l'article: Les services écosystémiques sont généralement scindés en services d’approvisionnement,
de régulation, de soutien et culturels. Ils comprennent la fourniture de biens (aliments, carburant, matières
premières ou fibres, par exemple), les services de régulation (régulation du climat ou lutte contre les maladies,
par exemple) et les bénéfices non matériels (services culturels) (bénéfices spirituels ou esthétiques, par
exemple). Les services de soutien sont nécessaires pour la production de tous les autres services écosystémiques
(par exemple la pédogenèse le cycle nutritif et le cycle de l’eau) et sont également appelés « fonctions
écosystémiques ».
Note 2 à l'article: Les services écosystémiques sont parfois appelés « services environnementaux » ou
« services écologiques ».
[SOURCE: ISO 14008:2019, 3.2.11]
3.10
indicateur prospectif
indicateur qui donne une indication des performances attendues
[SOURCE: ISO 10014:2021, 3.9]
3.11
indicateur rétrospectif
indicateur qui donne une indication des performances passées
[SOURCE: ISO 10014:2021, 3.10]
4 Planification d’actions
4.1 Généralités
Il convient que tout organisme qui s’intéresse à l’utilisation durable et à la préservation des ressources
en eau, qui a des impacts et des aspects environnementaux significati
...
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
ISO/FDIS 14002-2:20222023(E)
Date: 2022-12-052023-02-02
ISO/TC 207/SC 1/WG 11
Secretariat: BSI
Environmental management systems — Guidelines for using
ISO 14001 to address environmental aspects and conditions
within an environmental topic area — Part 2: Water
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ISO/FDIS 14002-2:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of
this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written
permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the
country of the requester.
ISO Copyright Office
CP 401 • CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland.
ii © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
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ISO/FDIS 14002-2:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Planning actions . 3
4.1 General . 3
4.2 Understanding the organization and its context related to water . 3
4.2.1 Conduct a water-related review . 3
4.2.2 Review water-related environmental aspects and impacts . 4
4.2.3 Determine risks and opportunities that need to be addressed . 5
4.2.4 Establish a baseline . 6
4.2.5 Manage change . 6
4.3 Determine appropriate actions . 7
5 Taking action . 10
5.1 General . 10
5.2 Environmental objectives . 11
5.3 Support actions. 13
5.4 Operational controls . 13
5.4.1 General . 13
5.4.2 Types of control . 13
5.4.3 Life cycle perspective . 14
5.4.4 Emergency preparedness and response . 14
5.5 Performance action . 16
5.6 Unintended consequences of actions taken . 16
6 Evaluating the effectiveness of actions . 17
6.1 General . 17
6.2 Monitoring, measurement and analysis . 17
6.2.1 General . 17
6.2.2 Indicators of performance . 18
7 Improvement. 20
Annex A (informative) Example of a public water utility — Ames Community Water system . 21
Annex B (informative) Example of a dairy cooperative — Pavitra Dairy Ltd. . 25
Annex C (informative) Example of a chemical facility — AB Chemical . 29
Annex D (informative) Clarification of concepts . 35
Bibliography . 36
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ISO/FDIS 14002-2:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 207, Environmental management,
Subcommittee SC 1, Environmental management systems, in collaboration with the European Committee
for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/SS S26, Environmental management, in accordance
with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
A list of all parts in the ISO 14002 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
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ISO/FDIS 14002-2:2023(E)
Introduction
0.1 Background
Water is a vital element for the functioning of all living systems on earth and therefore also for human life
and wellbeingwell-being. Ecosystems and related biodiversity, also seen as natural capital, can only
deliver their multiple values and provide their natural services when appropriately preserved, their
resilience maintained, and the respective planetary boundaries respected by economy and society.
Protection of water resources is an integral part of sustainable development and is essential for achieving
[25]
the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) , specifically SDG 6 (clean water and
sanitation) and SDG 14 (life below water). Furthermore, protection of water resources has an indirect
impact on other goals, such as SDG 2 (zero hunger), SDG12 (responsible consumption and production),
SDG13 (climate action) and SDG15 (life on land).
Many organizations apply the general ISO 14001 framework to manage their interactions with the
environment. This document provides guidance and examples focused on applying the ISO 14001
framework to address water-related environmental aspects and impacts, as well as water-related
environmental conditions and dependencies on water that can have an effect on the organization. It
supports organizations to plan action(s) where needed in relation to environmental impacts, and to water
dependencies and vulnerabilities at their site(s), in the watershed, and in the life cycle of their products
and services. This includes strategic planning and taking actions in relation to:
— protecting aquatic ecosystems and ecosystem services as well as related ecosystems contributing to
water balance (e.g. forests);
— protecting water supplies and ensuring water availability;
— minimizing the use of water and water consumption;
— protecting and enhancing water quality;
— adapting and responding to water-related environmental conditions, such as seawater rise, changing
precipitation patterns, or gradual changes in water availability and quality;
— preparing for foreseeable water-related events, such as flooding and droughts.
This document is designed for compatibility with other standards related to sustainable use and
protection of water resources. It is based on ISO 14002-1 and follows the same approach and order of
elements as ISO 14001 but does not address every sub-clause subclause. This document is not intended
to increase or change an organization’s legal requirements and international agreements or legislations.
0.2 Risk-based approach
The document refers to water-related environmental aspects, environmental impacts, environmental
conditions, and the associated water-related risks and opportunities, including those across the life cycle
of an organization’s products and services, where appropriate. This document enables organizations to
address:
— actual and potential adverse or beneficial impacts on water resources and aquatic ecosystems,
originating from their activities or their supply chains;
— actual and potential effects on the organization itself, including risks and opportunities related to the
dependency on water.
Potential effects on the organization can include acute and chronic physical threats (e.g. from extreme
events such as the flooding of an organization’s premises, or the accumulation of pollution in an
organization’s water supply) as well as transitional risks and opportunities related to changes in
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved v
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regulations, technology, the market, or to the organization’s reputation, and opportunities for
contributions to sustainable development from a life cycle perspective.
The magnitude of water-related risks and opportunities is influenced by various context-related factors
(e.g. climatic, geographical, ecological, socio-economic, water footprint of the organization, applicable
compliance obligations), including:
— an organization’s vulnerability to water scarcity, water quality, changes in ecosystem services,
flooding, and climate change;
— the condition or quality of water bodies or aquatic ecosystems an organization has or can have an
impact on, or depends upon;
— increasing competition for water use or conflict over safe access to water resources in a particular
location;
— the condition of infrastructures, including water supply, distribution systems and wastewater
treatment.
0.3 Holistic approach to the management of water
An environmental management system according to ISO 14001 requires an organization to evaluate its
activities, products and services in order to determine its significant environmental aspects and
environmental conditions affecting the organization, as well as relevant risks and opportunities that need
to be addressed. This process involves applying a life cycle perspective as part of a comprehensive
evaluation of the various impacts an organization can have on the environment and how it depends on it.
An organization that intends to focus its environmental management efforts on water should recognize
the interrelations of water with other environmental media and respective ecosystems. It should be
aware that the actions it plans and implements to improve water quality or availability can incur adverse
impacts on other environmental media like soil and air, or impacts on terrestrial ecosystems. For
example, aeration basins or ponds used in wastewater treatment can emit volatile organic compounds to
air, and taking action to enhance biodegradation of trichloroethylene in contaminated groundwater can
lead to the formation of intermediates or metabolites such as vinyl chloride that are even more hazardous
in the ecosystem, and to humans. To avoid such unintended consequences, this document encourages an
organization to take a holistic approach when managing water.
Figure 1 shows how ISO 14001 and the parts of the ISO 14002 series can be applied using a holistic
approach.
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ISO/FDIS 14002-2:2023(E)
Key
EMS environmental management system
Figure 1 — Interaction between ISO 14001 and the ISO 14002 series
0.4 Using this document to address the environmental topic area of water within an
environmental management system
An organization can use this document to help determine how best to address the sustainable use and
protection of water resources within an environmental management system. This can be related to, for
example:
— specific commitment(s) in the organization’s environmental policy, e.g. related to prevention of
water pollution, efficient use of water, preservation of aquatic ecosystems and related biodiversity,
or sustainable use of marine ecosystem services;
— one or more of its significant environmental aspects or compliance obligations related to water use,
water conservation, water pollution, aquatic ecosystems and species, ecosystem services, etc.;
— compliance with applicable legal requirements and permits;
— commitments related to an organization’s social responsibility;
— specific risks and opportunities that need to be addressed for water-related environmental
conditions or with regard to dependencies on water.
0.5 Case studies
The guidance provided in this document includes four case studies of organizations applying the
ISO 14001 framework to address water-related environmental aspects and environmental impacts,
environmental conditions, and the associated risks and opportunities that need to be addressed. The
organizations in these case studies are fictional, and serve as illustrative examples in diverse contexts,
including different industry sectors known to have water-related environmental aspects and
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ISO/FDIS 14002-2:2023(E)
environmental impacts, and different geographic locations and environmental conditions. These cases
are provided to illustrate how this document can be applied, with examples from different settings and
perspectives, and are not intended as models or templates for applying ISO 14001 or this document.
The first of these cases represents a paper mill and is incorporated in the main body of the document,
with examples shown in each clause as appropriate. The other three cases, representing a water utility, a
dairy cooperative, and a chemical manufacturing facility, are provided for further reference in Annexes A,
B and C. Annex D provides clarification on the usage of some concepts and terminology in this document
to enhance user understanding.
0.6 Benefits
The benefits of applying this document can include:
— fulfilling compliance obligations related to water withdrawal, water consumption, water quality and
supporting public policies;
— enhancing environmental performance and fostering resilient ecosystems by achieving
environmental objectives through the management of water-related environmental aspects;
— protecting the environment through prevention or mitigation of adverse impacts on water resources
and ecosystems;
— preventing and mitigating water-related business risks and leveraging opportunities in an
organization’s operations and its supply chain, in response to changing environmental conditions;
— aligning the environmental management system with the organization’s strategic direction, e.g. to
support specific environmental policy or organizational commitments related to sustainable use and
protection of water resources;
— supporting water-related SDGs;
— contributing to compliance with international agreements and conventions related to water as well
as the transition to a circular economy (reduction, replacement, and reuse of water).
These benefits can also lead to cost reductions, security of supply and production, better relations with
relevant interested parties, improved public image, or the maintenance of a social “licence to operate”.
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FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 14002-2:2023(E)
Environmental management systems — Guidelines for using
ISO 14001 to address environmental aspects and conditions
within an environmental topic area — Part 2: Water
1 Scope
This document gives general guidelines for organizations seeking to address water-related
environmental aspects, environmental impacts, environmental conditions, and the associated risks and
opportunities within an environmental management system in accordance with ISO 14001.
The document addresses issues for environmental management related to water quantity and quality,
such as water withdrawal, efficient use of water, and water discharge, as well as approaches to cope with
water-related events such as flooding and droughts. The document considers the interconnections of
water with other environmental media and takes a holistic approach to the management of water due to
its impacts on ecosystems, ecosystem services, related biodiversity, as well as human life and well-being.
This document is applicable to organizations irrespective of their size, type, financial resources, location
and sector. It is applicable to all types of water and considers a life cycle perspective.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 14001, Environmental management systems — Requirements with guidance for use
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 14001 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
environmental topic area
area of interest or concern for environmental management in an organization in relation to its
surroundings
[SOURCE: ISO 14002-1:2019, 3.1]
3.2
environmental aspect
element of an organization’s activities or products or services that interacts or can interact with the
environment
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Note 1 to entry: An environmental aspect can cause (an) environmental impact(s) (3.4). A significant environmental
aspect is one that has or can have one or more significant environmental impact(s).
Note 2 to entry: Significant environmental aspects are determined by the organization applying one or more
criteria.
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.2]
3.3
environmental condition
state or characteristic of the environment as determined at a certain point in time
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.3]
3.4
environmental impact
change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an
organization’s environmental aspects (3.2)
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.4]
3.5
risks and opportunities
potential adverse effects (threats) and potential beneficial effects (opportunities)
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.11]
3.6
life cycle
consecutive and interlinked stages of a product (or service) system, from raw material acquisition or
generation from natural resources to final disposal
Note 1 to entry: The life cycle stages include acquisition of raw materials, design, production,
transportation/delivery, use, end-of-life treatment and final disposal.
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.3.3]
3.7
water consumption
portion of water use that is neither returned to the original water source after being withdrawn nor
available for reclamation
Note 1 to entry: Water consumption refers to water used by an organization.
[SOURCE: ISO 46001:2019, 3.31, modified — Note 1 to entry deleted and new Note 1 to entry
addedreplaced.]
3.8
ecosystem
dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities, and their non-living environment
interacting as a functional entity
EXAMPLE Deserts, coral reefs, wetlands, rain forests, boreal forests, grasslands, urban parks, cultivated
farmlands.
Note 1 to entry: Ecosystems can be influenced by human activity.
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[SOURCE: ISO 14008:2019, 3.1.6]
3.9
ecosystem service
benefit people obtain from ecosystems (3.8)
Note 1 to entry: These are generally distinguished into provisioning, regulating, supporting and cultural services.
Ecosystem services include the provisioning of goods (e.g. food, fuel, raw materials, fibre), regulating services (e.g.
climate regulation, disease control), and non-material benefits (cultural services) (e.g. spiritual or aesthetic
benefits). The supporting services are necessary for the production of all other ecosystem services (e.g. soil
formation, nutrient cycling, water cycling) and are also referred to as “ecosystem functions”.
Note 2 to entry: Ecosystem services are sometimes called “environmental services” or “ecological services”.
[SOURCE: ISO 14008:2019, 3.2.11]
3.10
leading indicator
metric that gives an indication of expected performance
[SOURCE: ISO 10014:2021, 3.9]
3.11
lagging indicator
metric that gives an indication of past performance
[SOURCE: ISO 10014:2021, 3.10]
4 Planning actions
4.1 General
An organization that has an interest in the sustainable use and protection of water resources, has
significant environmental aspects and impacts related to water, or has identified risks and opportunities
that need to be addressed due to effects of changing water-related environmental conditions, should
undertake a planning process to determine appropriate actions. This process includes a commitment by
the organization’s leadership, as well as interested parties where relevant, to address water-related
interests and concerns, and should involve a review of information and circumstances to:
— gain an understanding of the organization’s context in relation to water;
— establish baselines for water-related environmental performance and conditions.
An organization can benefit from taking a broad perspective in this review, considering activities that are
connected to the water balance of the organization (i.e. related to water inputs and outputs), its sites or
units and other environmental aspects such as releases to soil or emissions to air (e.g. particulate matter,
acid rain precursors) that can lead to water pollution.
NOTE ISO 46001:2019, Annex C, provides guidance on preparing a water balance.
4.2 Understanding the organization and its context related to water
4.2.1 Conduct a water-related review
When deciding on appropriate actions, an organization should review and consider its internal and
external issues and circumstances in relation to water use, dependency, vulnerabilities and related
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ISO/FDIS 14002-2:2023(E)
compliance obligations to be addressed in its environmental management system. This consideration
should also include taking a life cycle perspective of an organization’s products and services including
water-related impacts in their supply chain.
Gathering detailed information, including related strategies, objectives, and targets can be useful.
Important information for a review related to water should include operational and watershed-related
information, and information related to the organization’s environmental aspects and impacts. This can
include, for example:
— informationInformation related to the watershed, water source or water body, including:
— the status of water availability, extraction and limits on access to water, (e.g. over withdrawal
from water catchment, and water conflicts);
— geographic features or characteristics of the site (e.g. drainage, river basin);
— sensitivity of ecosystems to changes in water quantity and quality;
— local water sources, river basin and catchment information (e.g. water balance, water quality,
important water-related areas, other water users, governance framework), considering
national and transboundary situations;
— situations that can lead to overexploitationover-exploitation of aquatic ecosystems (e.g.
overfishing, mass tourism, energy production);
— informationInformation related to the organization’s operations, including:
— the quantity of water used (water withdrawn, consumed, lost or returned to the original water
source);
— characteristics of wastewater generated, (e.g. the level of treatment, treatment capacity, and
effluent quality);
— the quality of water required for the organization’s activities;
— identified water-related events or conditions that can affect the organization (e.g. floods,
drought, threats to water quality, consequences of climate change);
— interested parties and their relevant needs or expectations;
— specific compliance obligations (e.g. permits, licences, voluntary agreements).
4.2.2 Review water-related environmental aspects and impacts
When deciding on the appropriate actions, an organization should review the environmental aspects of
its activities that can have an impact on water (use, quality, conditions) and aquatic ecosystems, and
identify those that that are significant and that it will address in its environmental management system.
An organization should examine the water inputs and outputs from its activities as well in the different
stages of the life cycle of its products and services and consider the relevant needs and expectations of its
interested parties, (e.g. using a water balance chart).
Information related to water inputs and outputs can include:
— current water sources (e.g. water bodies, precipitation, groundwater);
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ISO/FDIS 14002-2:2023(E)
— current water uses (e.g. drinking, cleaning, cooling water, irrigation, industrial process, ingredient of
products), water quality and quantity;
— current wa
...
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 14002-2
ISO/TC 207/SC 1
Environmental management
Secretariat: BSI
systems — Guidelines for using ISO
Voting begins on:
2023-02-16 14001 to address environmental
aspects and conditions within an
Voting terminates on:
2023-04-13
environmental topic area —
Part 2:
Water
Systèmes de management environnemental — Lignes directrices pour
l’utilisation de l’ISO 14001 afin de prendre en compte les conditions
et aspects environnementaux dans le cadre d’une thématique
environnementale donnée —
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ISO/FDIS 14002-2:2023(E)
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ISO/FDIS 14002-2:2023(E)
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 14002-2
ISO/TC 207/SC 1
Environmental management
Secretariat: BSI
systems — Guidelines for using ISO
Voting begins on:
14001 to address environmental
aspects and conditions within an
Voting terminates on:
environmental topic area —
Part 2:
Water
Systèmes de management environnemental — Lignes directrices pour
l’utilisation de l’ISO 14001 afin de prendre en compte les conditions
et aspects environnementaux dans le cadre d’une thématique
environnementale donnée —
Partie 2: Eau
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ii
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ISO/FDIS 14002-2:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Planning actions . 3
4.1 General . 3
4.2 Understanding the organization and its context related to water. 3
4.2.1 Conduct a water-related review . 3
4.2.2 Review water-related environmental aspects and impacts . 4
4.2.3 Determine risks and opportunities that need to be addressed . 5
4.2.4 Establish a baseline . 6
4.2.5 Manage change . 6
4.3 Determine appropriate actions . 7
5 Taking action . 9
5.1 General . 9
5.2 Environmental objectives . 10
5.3 Support actions . 11
5.4 Operational controls . 12
5.4.1 General .12
5.4.2 Types of control .12
5.4.3 Life cycle perspective .12
5.4.4 Emergency preparedness and response . 13
5.5 Performance action . 14
5.6 Unintended consequences of actions taken . 14
6 Evaluating the effectiveness of actions .15
6.1 General . 15
6.2 Monitoring, measurement and analysis . 15
6.2.1 General .15
6.2.2 Indicators of performance . 16
7 Improvement .18
Annex A (informative) Example of a public water utility — Ames Community Water system .19
Annex B (informative) Example of a dairy cooperative — Pavitra Dairy Ltd. .23
Annex C (informative) Example of a chemical facility — AB Chemical .27
Annex D (informative) Clarification of concepts .32
Bibliography .33
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ISO/FDIS 14002-2:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 207, Environmental management,
Subcommittee SC 1, Environmental management systems, in collaboration with the European Committee
for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/SS S26, Environmental management, in accordance
with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
A list of all parts in the ISO 14002 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO/FDIS 14002-2:2023(E)
Introduction
0.1 Background
Water is a vital element for the functioning of all living systems on earth and therefore also for human
life and well-being. Ecosystems and related biodiversity, also seen as natural capital, can only deliver
their multiple values and provide their natural services when appropriately preserved, their resilience
maintained, and the respective planetary boundaries respected by economy and society. Protection of
water resources is an integral part of sustainable development and is essential for achieving the United
[25]
Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) , specifically SDG 6 (clean water and sanitation) and
SDG 14 (life below water). Furthermore, protection of water resources has an indirect impact on other
goals, such as SDG 2 (zero hunger), SDG12 (responsible consumption and production), SDG13 (climate
action) and SDG15 (life on land).
Many organizations apply the general ISO 14001 framework to manage their interactions with the
environment. This document provides guidance and examples focused on applying the ISO 14001
framework to address water-related environmental aspects and impacts, as well as water-related
environmental conditions and dependencies on water that can have an effect on the organization. It
supports organizations to plan action(s) where needed in relation to environmental impacts, and to
water dependencies and vulnerabilities at their site(s), in the watershed, and in the life cycle of their
products and services. This includes strategic planning and taking actions in relation to:
— protecting aquatic ecosystems and ecosystem services as well as related ecosystems contributing
to water balance (e.g. forests);
— protecting water supplies and ensuring water availability;
— minimizing the use of water and water consumption;
— protecting and enhancing water quality;
— adapting and responding to water-related environmental conditions, such as seawater rise, changing
precipitation patterns, or gradual changes in water availability and quality;
— preparing for foreseeable water-related events, such as flooding and droughts.
This document is designed for compatibility with other standards related to sustainable use and
protection of water resources. It is based on ISO 14002-1 and follows the same approach and order of
elements as ISO 14001 but does not address every subclause.
0.2 Risk-based approach
The document refers to water-related environmental aspects, environmental impacts, environmental
conditions, and the associated water-related risks and opportunities, including those across the
life cycle of an organization’s products and services, where appropriate. This document enables
organizations to address:
— actual and potential adverse or beneficial impacts on water resources and aquatic ecosystems,
originating from their activities or their supply chains;
— actual and potential effects on the organization itself, including risks and opportunities related to
the dependency on water.
Potential effects on the organization can include acute and chronic physical threats (e.g. from
extreme events such as the flooding of an organization’s premises, or the accumulation of pollution
in an organization’s water supply) as well as transitional risks and opportunities related to changes
in regulations, technology, the market, or to the organization’s reputation, and opportunities for
contributions to sustainable development from a life cycle perspective.
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ISO/FDIS 14002-2:2023(E)
The magnitude of water-related risks and opportunities is influenced by various context-related factors
(e.g. climatic, geographical, ecological, socio-economic, water footprint of the organization, applicable
compliance obligations), including:
— an organization’s vulnerability to water scarcity, water quality, changes in ecosystem services,
flooding, and climate change;
— the condition or quality of water bodies or aquatic ecosystems an organization has or can have an
impact on, or depends upon;
— increasing competition for water use or conflict over safe access to water resources in a particular
location;
— the condition of infrastructures, including water supply, distribution systems and wastewater
treatment.
0.3 Holistic approach to the management of water
An environmental management system according to ISO 14001 requires an organization to evaluate
its activities, products and services in order to determine its significant environmental aspects and
environmental conditions affecting the organization, as well as relevant risks and opportunities that
need to be addressed. This process involves applying a life cycle perspective as part of a comprehensive
evaluation of the various impacts an organization can have on the environment and how it depends on
it.
An organization that intends to focus its environmental management efforts on water should recognize
the interrelations of water with other environmental media and respective ecosystems. It should
be aware that the actions it plans and implements to improve water quality or availability can incur
adverse impacts on other environmental media like soil and air, or impacts on terrestrial ecosystems.
For example, aeration basins or ponds used in wastewater treatment can emit volatile organic
compounds to air, and taking action to enhance biodegradation of trichloroethylene in contaminated
groundwater can lead to the formation of intermediates or metabolites such as vinyl chloride that are
even more hazardous in the ecosystem, and to humans. To avoid such unintended consequences, this
document encourages an organization to take a holistic approach when managing water.
Figure 1 shows how ISO 14001 and the parts of the ISO 14002 series can be applied using a holistic
approach.
vi
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ISO/FDIS 14002-2:2023(E)
Key
EMS environmental management system
Figure 1 — Interaction between ISO 14001 and the ISO 14002 series
0.4 Using this document to address the environmental topic area of water within an
environmental management system
An organization can use this document to help determine how best to address the sustainable use and
protection of water resources within an environmental management system. This can be related to, for
example:
— specific commitment(s) in the organization’s environmental policy, e.g. related to prevention of
water pollution, efficient use of water, preservation of aquatic ecosystems and related biodiversity,
or sustainable use of marine ecosystem services;
— one or more of its significant environmental aspects or compliance obligations related to water use,
water conservation, water pollution, aquatic ecosystems and species, ecosystem services, etc.;
— compliance with applicable legal requirements and permits;
— commitments related to an organization’s social responsibility;
— specific risks and opportunities that need to be addressed for water-related environmental
conditions or with regard to dependencies on water.
0.5 Case studies
The guidance provided in this document includes four case studies of organizations applying the
ISO 14001 framework to address water-related environmental aspects and environmental impacts,
environmental conditions, and the associated risks and opportunities that need to be addressed.
The organizations in these case studies are fictional, and serve as illustrative examples in diverse
contexts, including different industry sectors known to have water-related environmental aspects and
environmental impacts, and different geographic locations and environmental conditions. These cases
vii
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ISO/FDIS 14002-2:2023(E)
are provided to illustrate how this document can be applied, with examples from different settings and
perspectives, and are not intended as models or templates for applying ISO 14001 or this document.
The first of these cases represents a paper mill and is incorporated in the main body of the document,
with examples shown in each clause as appropriate. The other three cases, representing a water
utility, a dairy cooperative, and a chemical manufacturing facility, are provided for further reference in
Annexes A, B and C. Annex D provides clarification on the usage of some concepts and terminology in
this document to enhance user understanding.
0.6 Benefits
The benefits of applying this document can include:
— fulfilling compliance obligations related to water withdrawal, water consumption, water quality
and supporting public policies;
— enhancing environmental performance and fostering resilient ecosystems by achieving
environmental objectives through the management of water-related environmental aspects;
— protecting the environment through prevention or mitigation of adverse impacts on water resources
and ecosystems;
— preventing and mitigating water-related business risks and leveraging opportunities in an
organization’s operations and its supply chain, in response to changing environmental conditions;
— aligning the environmental management system with the organization’s strategic direction, e.g. to
support specific environmental policy or organizational commitments related to sustainable use
and protection of water resources;
— supporting water-related SDGs;
— contributing to compliance with international agreements and conventions related to water as well
as the transition to a circular economy (reduction, replacement and reuse of water).
These benefits can also lead to cost reductions, security of supply and production, better relations with
relevant interested parties, improved public image, or the maintenance of a social “licence to operate”.
viii
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FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 14002-2:2023(E)
Environmental management systems — Guidelines for
using ISO 14001 to address environmental aspects and
conditions within an environmental topic area —
Part 2:
Water
1 Scope
This document gives general guidelines for organizations seeking to address water-related
environmental aspects, environmental impacts, environmental conditions, and the associated risks
and opportunities within an environmental management system in accordance with ISO 14001.
The document addresses issues for environmental management related to water quantity and quality,
such as water withdrawal, efficient use of water, and water discharge, as well as approaches to cope
with water-related events such as flooding and droughts. The document considers the interconnections
of water with other environmental media and takes a holistic approach to the management of water
due to its impacts on ecosystems, ecosystem services, related biodiversity, as well as human life and
well-being.
This document is applicable to organizations irrespective of their size, type, financial resources,
location and sector. It is applicable to all types of water and considers a life cycle perspective.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 14001, Environmental management systems — Requirements with guidance for use
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 14001 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
environmental topic area
area of interest or concern for environmental management in an organization in relation to its
surroundings
[SOURCE: ISO 14002-1:2019, 3.1]
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3.2
environmental aspect
element of an organization’s activities or products or services that interacts or can interact with the
environment
Note 1 to entry: An environmental aspect can cause (an) environmental impact(s) (3.4). A significant environmental
aspect is one that has or can have one or more significant environmental impact(s).
Note 2 to entry: Significant environmental aspects are determined by the organization applying one or more
criteria.
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.2]
3.3
environmental condition
state or characteristic of the environment as determined at a certain point in time
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.3]
3.4
environmental impact
change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an
organization’s environmental aspects (3.2)
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.4]
3.5
risks and opportunities
potential adverse effects (threats) and potential beneficial effects (opportunities)
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.11]
3.6
life cycle
consecutive and interlinked stages of a product (or service) system, from raw material acquisition or
generation from natural resources to final disposal
Note 1 to entry: The life cycle stages include acquisition of raw materials, design, production, transportation/
delivery, use, end-of-life treatment and final disposal.
[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.3.3]
3.7
water consumption
portion of water use that is neither returned to the original water source after being withdrawn nor
available for reclamation
Note 1 to entry: Water consumption refers to water used by an organization.
[SOURCE: ISO 46001:2019, 3.31, modified — Note 1 to entry replaced.]
3.8
ecosystem
dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities, and their non-living environment
interacting as a functional entity
EXAMPLE Deserts, coral reefs, wetlands, rain forests, boreal forests, grasslands, urban parks, cultivated
farmlands.
Note 1 to entry: Ecosystems can be influenced by human activity.
[SOURCE: ISO 14008:2019, 3.1.6]
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3.9
ecosystem service
benefit people obtain from ecosystems (3.8)
Note 1 to entry: These are generally distinguished into provisioning, regulating, supporting and cultural
services. Ecosystem services include the provisioning of goods (e.g. food, fuel, raw materials, fibre), regulating
services (e.g. climate regulation, disease control), and non-material benefits (cultural services) (e.g. spiritual or
aesthetic benefits). The supporting services are necessary for the production of all other ecosystem services (e.g.
soil formation, nutrient cycling, water cycling) and are also referred to as “ecosystem functions”.
Note 2 to entry: Ecosystem services are sometimes called “environmental services” or “ecological services”.
[SOURCE: ISO 14008:2019, 3.2.11]
3.10
leading indicator
metric that gives an indication of expected performance
[SOURCE: ISO 10014:2021, 3.9]
3.11
lagging indicator
metric that gives an indication of past performance
[SOURCE: ISO 10014:2021, 3.10]
4 Planning actions
4.1 General
An organization that has an interest in the sustainable use and protection of water resources, has
significant environmental aspects and impacts related to water, or has identified risks and opportunities
that need to be addressed due to effects of changing water-related environmental conditions should
undertake a planning process to determine appropriate actions. This process includes a commitment
by the organization’s leadership, as well as interested parties where relevant, to address water-related
interests and concerns, and should involve a review of information and circumstances to:
— gain an understanding of the organization’s context in relation to water;
— establish baselines for water-related environmental performance and conditions.
An organization can benefit from taking a broad perspective in this review, considering activities that
are connected to the water balance of the organization (i.e. related to water inputs and outputs), its sites
or units and other environmental aspects such as releases to soil or emissions to air (e.g. particulate
matter, acid rain precursors) that can lead to water pollution.
NOTE ISO 46001:2019, Annex C, provides guidance on preparing a water balance.
4.2 Understanding the organization and its context related to water
4.2.1 Conduct a water-related review
When deciding on appropriate actions, an organization should review and consider its internal and
external issues and circumstances in relation to water use, dependency, vulnerabilities and related
compliance obligations to be addressed in its environmental management system. This consideration
should also include taking a life cycle perspective of an organization’s products and services including
water-related impacts in their supply chain.
Gathering detailed information, including related strategies, objectives, and targets can be useful.
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Important information for a review related to
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