ISO 1942:2020
(Main)Dentistry — Vocabulary
Dentistry — Vocabulary
This document defines terms used in dental product standards. This document aims to facilitate the standard development process and the comprehension of standards, and to improve communication with the FDI World Dental Federation, the World Health Organization and other organizations interested in standardization.
Médecine bucco-dentaire — Vocabulaire
Le présent document définit les termes utilisés dans les normes de produits pour le domaine dentaire. Le présent document vise à faciliter le processus d'élaboration des normes et la compréhension des normes, et à améliorer la communication avec la Fédération dentaire internationale (FDI), l'Organisation mondiale de la santé et d'autres organismes concernés par le domaine de la normalisation.
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 1942
Third edition
2020-10
Dentistry — Vocabulary
Médecine bucco-dentaire — Vocabulaire
Reference number
ISO 1942:2020(E)
©
ISO 2020
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ISO 1942:2020(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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ISO 1942:2020(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Dental terminology and general terms . 1
3.1.1 Anatomical concepts . 1
3.1.2 Branches of dentistry . 4
3.1.3 Clinical concepts . . 5
3.1.4 Devices and occupational concepts . 8
3.2 Restorative and orthodontic materials .11
3.2.1 ZOE cements .11
3.2.2 Endodontic materials . .11
3.2.3 Resin-based pit and fissure sealants .12
3.2.4 Amalgam/mercury .12
3.2.5 Luting cements, bases and liners .12
3.2.6 Orthodontic products .13
3.2.7 Adhesive and etching components .14
3.3 Prosthodontic materials .14
3.3.1 General prosthodontics concepts .14
3.3.2 Dental ceramics.18
3.3.3 Impression materials .19
3.3.4 Noble metal casting alloys .21
3.3.5 Resilient lining materials .22
3.3.6 Denture base polymers .22
3.3.7 Dental waxes.23
3.3.8 Artificial teeth .24
3.4 Instruments .24
3.4.1 Rotary instruments . .24
3.4.2 Dental handpieces .24
3.4.3 Dental hand instruments .25
3.4.4 Endodontic instruments .26
3.5 Dental equipment .26
3.6 Oral care products .27
3.7 Dental implants .28
Annex A (informative) Information helpful to understand the structure and content of ISO 1942 35
Bibliography .37
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ISO 1942:2020(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 106, Dentistry, Subcommittee SC 3,
Terminology, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical
Committee CEN/TC 55, Dentistry, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between
ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 1942:2009), which has been technically
revised.
The main change compared to the previous edition is as follows: a systematic arrangement of
terminology necessary for the development of standards related to dentistry according to ISO directives
has been integrated.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
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ISO 1942:2020(E)
Introduction
This document is cited in Clause 2 of most of the ISO documents in the field of dentistry. Its content,
therefore, is fundamental for the proper understanding of those documents. It is also important to
understand the terms and definitions in this document when a new standard is developed, or existing
standards are revised in ISO/TC 106.
The content and format of this document have been developed in accordance to References [1] to [5].
Also, terminological entries have been arranged and grouped reflecting the structure and scope/
responsibilities of each subcommittee in TC 106. The sub-categorization of terminological entries
essentially follows the scope of each working group within the subcommittee, except for general
concepts that include anatomical, branches of dentistry, clinical and occupational. Annex A describes
inclusion and exclusion criteria as well as other information helpful to understand the structure and
content of this document.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1942:2020(E)
Dentistry — Vocabulary
1 Scope
This document defines terms used in dental product standards.
This document aims to facilitate the standard development process and the comprehension of
standards, and to improve communication with the FDI World Dental Federation, the World Health
Organization and other organizations interested in standardization.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Dental terminology and general terms
3.1.1 Anatomical concepts
3.1.1.1
dental organ
tissue complex comprising the tooth and its supporting structures
3.1.1.2
anterior teeth
mandibular and maxillary centrals, laterals and canines
3.1.1.3
posterior teeth
mandibular and maxillary molars and premolars
3.1.1.4
clinical crown
part of a tooth not covered by soft or supporting hard tissue
3.1.1.5
anatomical crown
crown
portion of a tooth normally covered by, and including, the enamel (3.1.1.14)
3.1.1.6
visible crown
part of the anatomical crown (3.1.1.5) which is accessible to visual examination without manipulation
of the surrounding gingival tissues
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ISO 1942:2020(E)
3.1.1.7
macrodontia
genetic condition resulting in the formation of abnormally large teeth
3.1.1.8
mesial
surface nearest the midline along the dental arch
3.1.1.9
distal
surface furthest from the midline along the dental arch
3.1.1.10
proximal
mesial (3.1.1.8) or distal (3.1.1.9) surface of a tooth
3.1.1.11
predentine
immature fibrillar matrix (3.3.1.35) produced by odontoblasts
3.1.1.12
primary dentine
dentine (3.1.1.16) formed during tooth development prior to completion of root formation
3.1.1.13
odontogenesis imperfecta
generalized genetic disturbance in the formation of enamel (3.1.1.14) and dentine (3.1.1.16)
3.1.1.14
enamel
highly mineralized outermost layer of the normally exposed tooth consisting primarily of
hydroxyapatite in orderly crystal structures
3.1.1.15
cementum
calcified outermost layer covering the dentin in the root of a tooth and which attaches to
surrounding tissue
3.1.1.16
dentine, GB
dentin, US
mineralized hard tissue that forms the bulk of the tooth and develops from the dental papilla and dental
pulp (3.1.1.25)
3.1.1.17
mantle dentine
most peripheral part of the dentine (3.1.1.16) adjacent to the enamel (3.1.1.14), characterized by coarsely
bundled fibres running parallel to the branching ends of the tubules
3.1.1.18
circumpulpal dentine
inner part of the dentine (3.1.1.16) adjacent to the pulp (3.1.1.25), characterized by the inclusion of fine
collagen fibres running approximately at right-angles to the tubules
3.1.1.19
peritubular dentine
orthodentine that constitutes the highly-mineralized matrix (3.3.1.35) immediately around the
dentinal tubules
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ISO 1942:2020(E)
3.1.1.20
intratubular dentine
mineralized matrix (3.3.1.35) that is found in the tubules of orthodentine
3.1.1.21
secondary dentine
dentine (3.1.1.16) that is formed after complete formation of a tooth as a result of normal or slightly
abnormal stimuli
3.1.1.22
tertiary dentine
irregular dentine (3.1.1.16) deposited at sites of the pulpal aspects of primary dentine (3.1.1.12) or
secondary dentine (3.1.1.21), corresponding to areas of external irritation
3.1.1.23
endodontium
pulpo-dental organ
part of the dental organ (3.1.1.1) that pertains to the tissues of the dental pulp (3.1.1.25) and the dentine
(3.1.1.16)
3.1.1.24
odontium
part of the tooth consisting of enamel (3.1.1.14), dentine (3.1.1.16) and pulp (3.1.1.25) but not cementum
(3.1.1.15)
3.1.1.25
pulp
soft tissue complex of mesenchymal origin which occupies the pulp chamber and the root
canal(s) of a tooth and which provides for dentinogenic, nutritive, neurosensory and defensive functions
3.1.1.26
apical
pertaining to, or in the direction towards, the root tip (apex)
3.1.1.27
periodontium
tissue complex comprising the gingivae, cementum (3.1.1.15), periodontal ligament (3.1.1.28) and
alveolar bone, and which attaches, nourishes and supports the tooth
3.1.1.28
periodontal ligament
alveolodental ligament
bundles of collagen fibres that suspend the tooth in the alveolus by connecting the cementum (3.1.1.15)
of the root to the alveolar bone
3.1.1.29
desmodontium
tissue, including periodontal ligament (3.1.1.28), that normally occupies the space between cementum
(3.1.1.15) and alveolar bone
3.1.1.30
desmodontal
pertaining to the desmodontium (3.1.1.29)
3.1.1.31
periodontitis
inflammation of the periodontium (3.1.1.27)
3.1.1.32
periodontopathy
disease affecting the periodontium (3.1.1.27)
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ISO 1942:2020(E)
3.1.1.33
periodontolysis
process leading to advanced destruction of the periodontium (3.1.1.27)
3.1.1.34
osteogenesis
formation of bone or development of bones
3.1.1.35
odontogenic cyst
primordial cyst
cyst, originated from epithelial cells, usually containing fluid or semi-solid material, and which develops
during various stages of odontogenesis
3.1.1.36
emergence profile
contour of a tooth or restoration (3.1.4.13), such as a crown (3.1.1.5) on a natural tooth or a dental
implant body (3.7.2.4), as it relates to the emergence through the soft tissues and bone
3.1.1.37
masticatory system
organs and structures primarily functioning in mastication
3.1.2 Branches of dentistry
3.1.2.1
oral health
DEPRECATED: dental public health
branch of public general health that addresses matters pertaining to the health of the oral cavity
(3.1.3.26) and adjacent tissues of the cranio-facial complex
3.1.2.2
dentistry
science of preventing, diagnosing and treating diseases and malfunctions of, and injuries to, the teeth,
mouth and jaws, and of replacing lost teeth and associated tissues and promoting oral health (3.1.2.1)
3.1.2.3
dental education
education that contribute to the development of the knowledge and skills required for the practice of
dentistry (3.1.2.2)
Note 1 to entry: The designation of “dentistry” can vary according to the legal usage of the term in the country
concerned.
3.1.2.4
oral health programme
activity planned to improve the oral health (3.1.2.1) of the community
3.1.2.5
oral status and intervention index
OSI index
index that classifies the oral status and the relating interventions needed, on a ten-point scale from 0
(good health, no need for treatment) to 9 (complicated, invasive and costly care needed)
3.1.2.6
preventive dentistry
part of dentistry (3.1.2.2) concerned with promoting oral health (3.1.2.1) and function by preventing or
reducing the onset and/or development of oral diseases or deformities and the occurrence of orofacial
injuries
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ISO 1942:2020(E)
3.1.2.7
community dentistry
public health dentistry
part of dentistry (3.1.2.2) concerned with oral health (3.1.2.1) in relation to the general health of the
community
3.1.2.8
cariology
part of dentistry (3.1.2.2) concerned with aetiology, pathology and prevention of dental caries (3.1.3.15)
3.1.2.9
pediatric dentistry, US
DEPRECATED: paedodontic dentistry, GB
DEPRECATED: paedodontics, GB
DEPRECATED: pedodontics, US
branch of dentistry (3.1.2.2) concerned with children including the diagnosis, treatment, prevention of
oral anomalies, other conditions and injuries
3.1.2.10
orthodontics
part of dentistry (3.1.2.2) concerned with the study of craniofacial growth and development, and the
treatment or prevention of malocclusions and other dentofacial anomalies
3.1.2.11
operative dentistry
part of dentistry (3.1.2.2) that focus on the restoration (3.1.4.13) of hard tissues of teeth to normal
function and aesthetics that could have been compromised by disease, trauma or acquired or non-
acquired anomalies
3.1.2.12
endodontics
part of dentistry (3.1.2.2) concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of the diseases of the pulp
(3.1.1.25) and contiguous periapical tissues
3.1.2.13
periodontics
periodontology
DEPRECATED: periodontia
part of dentistry (3.1.2.2) concerned with the study, prevention, and treatment of diseases affecting the
periodontium (3.1.1.27)
3.1.2.14
prosthodontics
part of dentistry (3.1.2.2) that is concerned with the functional and aesthetic rehabilitation of the
masticatory system by artificial replacement of missing teeth and associated tissues
3.1.2.15
forensic dentistry
forensic odontology, US
part of dentistry (3.1.2.2) which deals with the examination, interpretation and presentation of dental
and oral evidence for legal purposes
3.1.3 Clinical concepts
3.1.3.1
intraoral radiography
radiography whereby the image receptor is positioned intraorally
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ISO 1942:2020(E)
3.1.3.2
impacted tooth
tooth in a state of partial or total impeded eruption
3.1.3.3
mastication
process of chewing food in preparation for swallowing and digestion
3.1.3.4
occlusion
static and dynamic relationship between the contacting surfaces of the mandibular and maxillary teeth
or tooth analogues
3.1.3.5
mottling
uneven patches in the enamel (3.1.1.14) or the dentine (3.1.1.16) associated with the clinical crown
appearing on natural teeth; or similar patches intentionally placed on surfaces of artificial teeth
3.1.3.6
tooth erosion
dental erosion
progressive loss of calcified dental tissue by chemical processes that do not involve bacterial action
3.1.3.7
dentine conditioning
modification of the dentine (3.1.1.16) surface by means of chemical substances or other treatment
3.1.3.8
indirect pulp capping
dressing for conserving the vitality of the pulp (3.1.1.25) of a tooth infected with a penetrating carious
lesion, the complete excision of which could result in exposure of the pulp (3.1.1.25)
3.1.3.9
direct pulp capping
dressing of an exposed pulp (3.1.1.25) with the aim of maintaining pulpal vitality
3.1.3.10
pulpotomy
DEPRECATED: pulp amputation
surgical removal of a portion of the pulp (3.1.1.25) with the aim of maintaining the vitality of the
remaining portion by means of adequate dressing
3.1.3.11
pulpectomy
vital pulp extirpation
complete surgical removal of the vital pulp (3.1.1.25)
3.1.3.12
anchorage
configuration or preparation suitable for the retention or support of a dental prosthesis (3.3.1.19) or
orthodontic appliance (3.2.6.2)
3.1.3.13
Ante’s law
principle that states that the combined pericemental
area of all abutment teeth supporting a partial denture (3.3.1.19) should be equal to or greater in the
pericemental area than the tooth or teeth to be replaced
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ISO 1942:2020(E)
3.1.3.14
Ante’s law
principle that states that the bone contacting the surface of the teeth being
replaced should approximate half of the periodontal ligament surface area of the teeth being replaced
3.1.3.15
dental caries
biofilm-mediated, sugar-driven, multifactorial, dynamic disease that occurs when the net balance of
the phasic demineralization (3.1.3.27) and remineralization (3.1.3.28) of dental hard tissues favours
demineralization
3.1.3.16
caries process
dynamic sequence of biofilm-tooth interactions which can occur over time on and within a tooth surface
leading to dental caries (3.1.3.15)
3.1.3.17
caries lesion
change in the tooth structure that results from the caries process (3.1.3.16)
3.1.3.18
caries lesion detection
carious lesion detection
examination by visual or any other relevant means of the tooth structure to detect caries lesions
(3.1.3.17)
3.1.3.19
caries lesion assessment
carious lesion assessment
evaluation of the characteristics of a caries lesion (3.1.3.17)
3.1.3.20
caries diagnosis
human professional summation of all the signs and symptoms of disease to arrive at an identification of
the past or present occurrence of the disease caries
3.1.3.21
caries lesion severity
stage of lesion progression along the spectrum of net mineral loss, from the initial loss at a molecular
level to total tissue destruction
3.1.3.22
white-spot lesion
caries lesion severity (3.1.3.21) where the net subsurface mineral loss has produced changes in the
optical properties of enamel such that these are visibly detectable as a loss of translucency, resulting in
a white appearance of the enamel surface
3.1.3.23
brown-spot lesion
caries lesion severity (3.1.3.21) where the net subsurface mineral loss in conjunction with the acquisition
of intrinsic or exogenous pigments has produced changes in the optical properties of enamel such that
these are visibly detectable as a loss of translucency and a brown discolouration, resulting in a brown
appearance of the enamel surface
3.1.3.24
non-cavitated lesion
caries lesion (3.1.3.17) whose surface appears macroscopically to be intact
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ISO 1942:2020(E)
3.1.3.25
microcavity
microcavitation
initial caries lesion (3.1.3.17) within an occlusal surface which has lost its original contour and integrity,
without the formation of a clinico-visually distinct cavity (3.1.3.26)
3.1.3.26
cavity
cavitated lesion
caries lesion (3.1.3.17) with a surface which is not macroscopically intact, with a distinct discontinuity
or break in the surface integrity, as determined using optical or tactile means
3.1.3.27
demineralization
loss of calcified material from the structure of the tooth
3.1.3.28
remineralization
net gain of calcified material within the tooth structure, replacing calcified material which was
previously lost by demineralization (3.1.3.27)
3.1.3.29
caries lesion activity
summation of the dynamics of the caries process (3.1.3.16) resulting in the net loss, over time, of mineral
from a caries lesion (3.1.3.17)
3.1.3.30
active caries lesion
caries lesion (3.1.3.17), from which, over a specified period of time, there is net mineral loss
3.1.3.31
caries lesion behaviour
changes, if any, occurring in the status of a lesion over time in response to the balance between
demineralization (3.1.3.27) and remineralization (3.1.3.28)
3.1.3.32
arrested caries lesion
inactive caries lesion
lesion which is not undergoing net mineral loss—the caries process (3.1.3.16) in a specific location is no
longer progressing
3.1.3.33
caries lesion regression
net gain of calcified material to the structure of a caries lesion, replacing that which was previously lost
by caries demineralization (3.1.3.27)
3.1.3.34
caries lesion prognosis
likely future behaviour of a specific caries lesion (3.1.3.17), over a specified time-period, as assessed
by a clinician — taking into account the summation of the multiple factors impacting the possible
progression, arrest or regression of the lesion
3.1.4 Devices and occupational concepts
3.1.4.1
dentist
person licensed by a regulatory body to practise dentistry (3.1.2.2)
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ISO 1942:2020(E)
3.1.4.2
dental surgery, GB
dental operatory, US
room or workspace within the dental office where oral health (3.1.2.1) professionals provide dental
treatment
3.1.4.3
working area of the oral health care provider
space organized around the dentist (3.1.4.1) and equipped for positioning and treatment of the patient
3.1.4.4
dental technician
DEPRECATED: dental laboratory technician
qualified professional competent to perform dental laboratory (3.1.4.5) work under the prescription of
the dentist (3.1.4.1)
3.1.4.5
dental laboratory
facility where dental technical procedures complementing dental clinical treatment are carried out
3.1.4.6
hybrid layer
resin-reinforced dentine (3.1.1.16) layer created by the intermixture of polymerized adhesive resin
monomers and dentine collagen
3.1.4.7
dental device
instrument, apparatus, appliance, software, material or other article, whether used alone or in
combination, including the software necessary for its proper application, intended by the manufacturer
to be used for human beings for the purpose of:
— diagnosis, prevention, monitoring, treatment or alleviation of oral disease;
— diagnosis, monitoring, treatment, alleviation of or compensation for cranio-facial injury or oral
handicap;
— investigation, replacement or modification of the cranio-facial anatomy or of a physiological process
and which does not achieve its principal intended action in or on the human body by pharmacological,
immunological or metabolic means, but which may be assisted in its function by such means;
Note 1 to entry: This definition was derived from an almost identical definition approved by the Global Medical
Devices Nomenclature (GMDN), an agency that is represented in Asia, Australia, New Zealand, Europe, the United
States (Food and Drug Administration) and other countries of the Americas.
[SOURCE: Global Medical Devices Nomenclature (GMDN), modified — Note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.1.4.8
dental material
substance or combination of substances specially formulated and prepared for use in the practice of
dentistry (3.1.2.2) and/or associated procedures
3.1.4.9
dental product
dental device (3.1.4.7), dental material (3.1.4.8), dental instrument (3.4.3.5), item of dental equipment
(3.5.1), dental laboratory (3.1.4.5) product or oral care product
3.1.4.10
filling
result of obturating a tooth cavity (3.1.3.26)
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ISO 1942:2020(E)
3.1.4.11
filling material
dental material (3.1.4.8) designed for obturating a tooth cavity (3.1.3.26), which is not inte
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 1942
Troisième édition
2020-10
Médecine bucco-dentaire —
Vocabulaire
Dentistry — Vocabulary
Numéro de référence
ISO 1942:2020(F)
©
ISO 2020
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ISO 1942:2020(F)
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© ISO 2020
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publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique,
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ISO 1942:2020(F)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction .v
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
3.1 Terminologie dentaire et termes généraux . 1
3.1.1 Concepts anatomiques . 1
3.1.2 Branches de la médecine bucco-dentaire . 4
3.1.3 Concepts cliniques . 6
3.1.4 Concepts professionnels et relatifs aux dispositifs . 9
3.2 Matériaux de restauration et pour l’orthodontie .11
3.2.1 Ciments oxyde de zinc-eugénol .11
3.2.2 Matériaux pour l’endodontie .12
3.2.3 Produits de scellement des puits et sillons à base de résine .12
3.2.4 Amalgame/mercure .12
3.2.5 Ciments de scellement, bases et produits de fond de cavité .12
3.2.6 Produits pour l’orthodontie .14
3.2.7 Adhésifs et produits de mordançage .14
3.3 Matériaux pour la dentisterie prothétique .15
3.3.1 Concepts généraux relatifs à la dentisterie prothétique .15
3.3.2 Céramiques dentaires .19
3.3.3 Produits pour empreintes .20
3.3.4 Alliages de coulée à base de métaux nobles .22
3.3.5 Produits pour intrados résilients .23
3.3.6 Polymères pour base de prothèse .23
3.3.7 Cires dentaires .24
3.3.8 Dents artificielles .25
3.4 Instruments .25
3.4.1 Instruments rotatifs .25
3.4.2 Pièces à main dentaires .26
3.4.3 Instruments à main dentaires .26
3.4.4 Instruments pour l’endodontie .27
3.5 Matériel dentaire .28
3.6 Produits pour soins bucco-dentaires .29
3.7 Implants dentaires .30
3.7.3 Matériel auxiliaire utilisé en implantologie buccale .32
3.7.4 Concepts cliniques et chirurgicaux utilisés en implantologie buccale .34
Annexe A (informative) Informations utiles pour comprendre la structure et le contenu de
l’ISO 1942 .36
Bibliographie .38
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ISO 1942:2020(F)
Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d’organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l’ISO). L’élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l’ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude
a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l’ISO participent également aux travaux.
L’ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui
concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier de prendre note des différents
critères d’approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a été
rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2 (voir www
. i s o . or g / d i r e c t i ve s) .
L’attention est attirée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l’objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L’ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable
de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence. Les détails concernant
les références aux droits de propriété intellectuelle ou autres droits analogues identifiés lors de
l’élaboration du document sont indiqués dans l’Introduction et/ou dans la liste des déclarations de
brevets reçues par l’ISO (voir www .iso .org/ brevets).
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données
pour information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un
engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l’ISO liés à l’évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l’adhésion
de l’ISO aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles
techniques au commerce (OTC), voir le lien suivant: www .iso .org/ iso/ fr/ avant -propos.
Le présent document a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 106, Médecine bucco-dentaire, sous-
comité SC 3, Terminologie, en collaboration avec le comité technique CEN/TC 55, Dentistry, du Comité
européen de normalisation (CEN) conformément à l’Accord de coopération technique entre l’ISO et le
CEN (Accord de Vienne).
Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition (ISO 1942:2009), qui a fait l’objet d’une
révision technique.
La principale modification par rapport à l’édition précédente est la suivante: intégration d’un classement
systématique de la terminologie nécessaire à l’élaboration de normes de médecine bucco-dentaire
conformément aux Directives ISO.
Il convient que l’utilisateur adresse tout retour d’information ou toute question concernant le présent
document à l’organisme national de normalisation de son pays. Une liste exhaustive desdits organismes
se trouve à l’adresse www .iso .org/ fr/ members .html.
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ISO 1942:2020(F)
Introduction
Le présent document est cité dans l’Article 2 de la plupart des documents ISO applicables à la
médecine bucco-dentaire. Son contenu est donc fondamental pour la compréhension correcte de ces
documents. Il est également important de maîtriser les termes et définitions du présent document
lors de l’élaboration d’une nouvelle norme, ou lors de la révision de normes dans le cadre du comité
technique ISO/TC 106.
Le contenu et le format du présent document ont été développés conformément aux Références [1] à [5].
Par ailleurs, les articles terminologiques ont été regroupés en fonction de la structure et du domaine
de travail/des responsabilités de chaque sous-comité du TC 106. Les sous-catégories des articles
terminologiques sont, pour l’essentiel, corrélées avec le domaine de chaque groupe de travail au sein
du sous-comité, à l’exception des concepts généraux qui incluent les concepts anatomiques, relatifs
aux branches de la médecine bucco-dentaire, cliniques et professionnels. L’Annexe A décrit les critères
d’inclusion et d’exclusion ainsi que d’autres informations utiles pour comprendre la structure et le
contenu du présent document.
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NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 1942:2020(F)
Médecine bucco-dentaire — Vocabulaire
1 Domaine d’application
Le présent document définit les termes utilisés dans les normes de produits pour le domaine dentaire.
Le présent document vise à faciliter le processus d’élaboration des normes et la compréhension des
normes, et à améliorer la communication avec la Fédération dentaire internationale (FDI), l’Organisation
mondiale de la santé et d’autres organismes concernés par le domaine de la normalisation.
2 Références normatives
Le présent document ne contient aucune référence normative.
3 Termes et définitions
L’ISO et l’IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées en
normalisation, consultables aux adresses suivantes:
— ISO Online browsing platform: disponible à l’adresse https:// www .iso .org/ obp;
— IEC Electropedia: disponible à l’adresse http:// www .electropedia .org/ .
3.1 Terminologie dentaire et termes généraux
3.1.1 Concepts anatomiques
3.1.1.1
organe dentaire
ensemble tissulaire comprenant la dent et ses structures de soutien
3.1.1.2
dents antérieures
incisives centrales et latérales et canines de la mandibule et du maxillaire
3.1.1.3
dents postérieures
molaires et prémolaires de la mandibule et du maxillaire
3.1.1.4
couronne clinique
partie d’une dent qui n’est pas recouverte de tissu mou ou de tissu dur de soutien
3.1.1.5
couronne anatomique
couronne
partie de la dent normalement recouverte par, et comprenant, l’émail (3.1.1.14)
3.1.1.6
couronne apparente
couronne clinique
partie de la couronne anatomique (3.1.1.5) accessible à l’examen visuel sans manipulation des tissus
gingivaux environnants
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ISO 1942:2020(F)
3.1.1.7
macrodontie
caractère génétique se traduisant par la formation de dents anormalement grandes
3.1.1.8
mésial
surface la plus proche de la ligne médiane de l’arcade dentaire
3.1.1.9
distal
surface la plus éloignée de la ligne médiane de l’arcade dentaire
3.1.1.10
proximal
face mésiale (3.1.1.8) ou distale (3.1.1.9) d’une dent
3.1.1.11
prédentine
matrice (3.3.1.35) fibrillaire immature produite par les odontoblastes
3.1.1.12
dentine primaire
dentine (3.1.1.16) formée lors de la croissance dentaire, avant que la racine ne soit complètement
constituée
3.1.1.13
odontogenèse imparfaite
anomalie génétique généralisée de la formation de l’émail (3.1.1.14) et de la dentine (3.1.1.16)
3.1.1.14
émail
couche extérieure hautement minéralisée de la dent normalement exposée, principalement constituée
d’hydroxyapatite sous forme de structures cristallines ordonnées
3.1.1.15
cément
couche extérieure calcifiée recouvrant la dentine au niveau de la racine d’une dent et qui est fixée au
tissu environnant
3.1.1.16
dentine
tissu dur minéralisé constitué à partir de la papille et de la pulpe (3.1.1.25) dentaires et formant la
partie principale de la dent
3.1.1.17
dentine palléale
manteau dentinaire
couche périphérique de la dentine (3.1.1.16), adjacente à l’émail (3.1.1.14), caractérisée par des faisceaux
de fibres lâches, disposés parallèlement aux ramifications terminales des tubuli
3.1.1.18
dentine circumpulpaire
partie interne de la dentine (3.1.1.16), adjacente à la pulpe (3.1.1.25), caractérisée par l’inclusion de fines
fibres de collagène approximativement perpendiculaires aux tubuli
3.1.1.19
dentine péritubulaire
partie de l’orthodentine qui constitue la matrice (3.3.1.35) hautement minéralisée située autour des
tubuli dentinaires
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ISO 1942:2020(F)
3.1.1.20
dentine intratubulaire
matrice (3.3.1.35) minéralisée que l’on trouve dans les tubuli de l’orthodentine
3.1.1.21
dentine secondaire
dentine (3.1.1.16) élaborée après la formation complète d’une dent, suite à des stimuli normaux ou
légèrement anormaux
3.1.1.22
dentine tertiaire
dentine (3.1.1.16) de structure irrégulière qui se dépose du côté pulpaire de la dentine primaire (3.1.1.12)
ou de la dentine secondaire (3.1.1.21), aux endroits correspondants à des zones d’irritation externe
3.1.1.23
endodonte
organe pulpo-dentinaire
partie de l’organe dentaire (3.1.1.1) (odonte) composée de la pulpe (3.1.1.25) dentaire et de la dentine
(3.1.1.16)
3.1.1.24
odonte
partie de la dent comprenant l’émail (3.1.1.14), la dentine (3.1.1.16) et la pulpe (3.1.1.25), mais pas le
cément (3.1.1.15)
3.1.1.25
pulpe
complexe tissulaire mou d’origine mésenchymateuse qui occupe la chambre pulpaire et le ou
les canaux radiculaires d’une dent et qui, par son pouvoir de dentinogenèse ainsi que par ses fonctions
nutritives, neurosensorielles et de défense, assure la vitalité des dents
3.1.1.26
apical
relatif à, ou dans la direction de, la pointe (apex) de la racine
3.1.1.27
parodonte
complexe tissulaire composé de la gencive, du cément (3.1.1.15), du ligament parodontal (3.1.1.28) et de
l’os alvéolaire, qui fixe, nourrit et soutient la dent
3.1.1.28
ligament parodontal
ligament desmodontal
ligament alvéolodentaire
ensemble de faisceaux de fibres de collagène qui maintiennent la dent dans l’alvéole par liaison entre le
cément (3.1.1.15) de la racine et l’os alvéolaire
3.1.1.29
desmodonte
ensemble des tissus, y compris le ligament parodontal (3.1.1.28), qui occupe normalement l’espace
compris entre le cément (3.1.1.15) et l’os alvéolaire
3.1.1.30
desmodontal
relatif au desmodonte (3.1.1.29)
3.1.1.31
parodontite
inflammation du parodonte (3.1.1.27)
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ISO 1942:2020(F)
3.1.1.32
parodontopathie
affection du parodonte (3.1.1.27)
3.1.1.33
parodontolyse
processus évolutif entraînant une destruction marquée du parodonte (3.1.1.27)
3.1.1.34
ostéogenèse
formation des os (ossification) ou développement des os
3.1.1.35
follicule odontogène
follicule primordial
follicule issu des cellules épithéliales, contenant généralement un produit liquide ou semi-solide, et qui
se développe au cours des différentes étapes de l’odontogenèse
3.1.1.36
profil d’émergence
contour d’une dent ou d’une restauration (3.1.4.13), telle qu’une couronne (3.1.1.5) sur une dent naturelle
ou un corps d’implant dentaire (3.7.2.4), dans la région émergeant des tissus mous
3.1.1.37
appareil manducateur
ensemble des organes et structures dont la fonction principale est la mastication
3.1.2 Branches de la médecine bucco-dentaire
3.1.2.1
santé bucco-dentaire
DÉCONSEILLÉ: santé dentaire publique
branche de la santé publique qui s’intéresse à la santé de la cavité (3.1.3.26) buccale et des tissus
adjacents du complexe cranio-facial
3.1.2.2
médecine bucco-dentaire
médecine dentaire
chirurgie dentaire
dentisterie
odontologie
odonto-stomatologie
DÉCONSEILLÉ: art dentaire
science visant à prévenir, diagnostiquer et traiter les maladies, malformations et lésions des dents,
de la bouche et des maxillaires ainsi qu’à remplacer les dents manquantes et les tissus associés et à
promouvoir la santé bucco-dentaire (3.1.2.1)
3.1.2.3
enseignement bucco-dentaire
enseignement qui contribue au développement des connaissances et des compétences requises pour la
pratique de la médecine bucco-dentaire (3.1.2.2)
Note 1 à l'article: La dénomination légale de la médecine bucco-dentaire (médecine dentaire, chirurgie dentaire,
etc.) peut varier selon les pays et les habitudes.
3.1.2.4
programme de santé bucco-dentaire
activité planifiée dans le but d’améliorer la santé bucco-dentaire (3.1.2.1) de la population
4 © ISO 2020 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 1942:2020(F)
3.1.2.5
indice d’état bucco-dentaire et d’intervention
indice OSI
indice qui classe les états bucco-dentaires et les types d’interventions requises correspondantes, sur
une échelle de dix points allant de 0 (bonne santé, ne nécessite pas de traitement) à 9 (soins complexes,
invasifs et coûteux nécessaires)
3.1.2.6
dentisterie préventive
odontologie prophylactique
branche de la médecine bucco-dentaire (3.1.2.2) qui a trait à la promotion de la santé bucco-dentaire
(3.1.2.1) et qui agit par la prévention ou la réduction de l’apparition et/ou du développement des
maladies ou des malformations buccales et de l’occurrence des lésions bucco-faciales
3.1.2.7
dentisterie sociale
branche de la médecine bucco-dentaire (3.1.2.2) concernant la santé bucco-dentaire (3.1.2.1) dans ses
relations avec la santé générale d’une population
3.1.2.8
cariologie
branche de la médecine bucco-dentaire (3.1.2.2) qui a trait à l’étiologie, la pathologie et la prévention des
caries dentaires (3.1.3.15)
3.1.2.9
odontologie pédiatrique
dentisterie pédiatrique
pédodontie
branche de la médecine bucco-dentaire (3.1.2.2) qui a trait au diagnostic, au traitement, et à la prévention
des anomalies bucco-dentaires, lésions bucco-dentaires et autres conditions chez l’enfant
3.1.2.10
orthodontie
orthopédie dento-faciale
orthognathodontie
branche de la médecine bucco-dentaire (3.1.2.2) concernant l’étude des conditions de croissance et de
développement des structures cranio-dento-faciales, et la prévention et le traitement des malocclusions
et autres anomalies dento-faciales
3.1.2.11
dentisterie opératoire
odontologie conservatrice
branche de la médecine bucco-dentaire (3.1.2.2) qui se concentre sur la restauration (3.1.4.13) de
la fonction normale des tissus durs des dents et sur l’esthétique qui peut avoir été affectée par une
maladie, un traumatisme ou des anomalies acquises ou non acquises
3.1.2.12
endodontie
branche de la médecine bucco-dentaire (3.1.2.2) qui a trait au diagnostic et au traitement des affections
de la pulpe (3.1.1.25) dentaire et des tissus périapicaux
3.1.2.13
parodontie
parodontologie
branche de la médecine bucco-dentaire (3.1.2.2) qui a trait à l’étude du parodonte (3.1.1.27) et à la
prévention et au traitement de ses affections
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ISO 1942:2020(F)
3.1.2.14
dentisterie prothétique
odontologie prothétique
prosthodontie
prothétodontie
branche de la médecine bucco-dentaire (3.1.2.2) qui a trait à la restauration fonctionnelle et esthétique
de l’appareil manducateur par remplacement artificiel des dents manquantes et des tissus associés
3.1.2.15
odontologie légale
odonto-stomatologie légale
dentisterie légale
branche de la médecine bucco-dentaire (3.1.2.2) qui a trait à l’examen, à l’interprétation et à la
consignation des particularités bucco-dentaires à des fins légales
3.1.3 Concepts cliniques
3.1.3.1
radiographie intra-orale
radiographie faite avec le récepteur d’image placé dans la cavité buccale
3.1.3.2
dent incluse
dent dont la sortie a été totalement ou partiellement entravée
3.1.3.3
mastication
processus consistant à mâcher les aliments en préparation à la déglutition et à la digestion
3.1.3.4
occlusion
relation à la fois statique et dynamique entre les surfaces de contact des dents mandibulaires et
maxillaires ou de dents analogues
3.1.3.5
tachage
taches irrégulières sur l’émail (3.1.1.14) ou la dentine (3.1.1.16) de la couronne clinique, apparaissant
sur les dents naturelles; ou mise en place intentionnelle de taches similaires sur les surfaces de dents
artificielles
3.1.3.6
érosion dentaire
érosion des dents
perte progressive du tissu dentaire calcifié due à des processus chimiques sans intervention bactérienne
3.1.3.7
conditionnement dentinaire
modification de la surface de la dentine (3.1.1.16) au moyen de substances chimiques ou d’autres
traitements
3.1.3.8
coiffage pulpaire indirect
pansement ayant pour but de préserver la vitalité de la pulpe (3.1.1.25) d’une dent atteinte d’une lésion
carieuse profonde dont l’excision complète pourrait dénuder la pulpe (3.1.1.25)
3.1.3.9
coiffage pulpaire direct
recouvrement d’une pulpe (3.1.1.25) dénudée dans le but de maintenir sa vitalité
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ISO 1942:2020(F)
3.1.3.10
pulpotomie
DÉCONSEILLÉ: amputation pulpaire
excision chirurgicale d’une partie de la pulpe (3.1.1.25) dans le but de maintenir, par une protection
adéquate, la vitalité de la partie restante
3.1.3.11
pulpectomie
biopulpectomie
extirpation de la pulpe vivante
excision chirurgicale complète de la pulpe (3.1.1.25) vivante
3.1.3.12
ancrage
configuration ou préparation apte à assurer la rétention ou le soutien d’une prothèse dentaire (3.3.1.19)
ou d’un appareil orthodontique (3.2.6.2)
3.1.3.13
loi d’Ante
principe stipulant qu’il convient que la surface péricémentaire
combinée de toutes les dents piliers soutenant une prothèse (3.3.1.19) partielle soit supérieure ou égale
à la surface péricémentaire de la ou des dents à remplacer
3.1.3.14
loi d’Ante
principe stipulant qu’il convient que l’os en contact avec la surface des dents
remplacées corresponde à environ la moitié de la surface du ligament parodontal des dents remplacées
3.1.3.15
carie dentaire
affection dynamique multifactorielle, médiée par le biofilm et induite par le sucre, qui apparaît lorsque
l’équilibre net entre les phases de déminéralisation (3.1.3.27) et de reminéralisation (3.1.3.28) des tissus
durs de la dent est en faveur de la déminéralisation
3.1.3.16
processus carieux
séquence dynamique d’interactions biofilm/dent qui peuvent se produire dans le temps et sur une
surface de dent et conduire à une carie dentaire (3.1.3.15)
3.1.3.17
lésion carieuse
modification de la structure de la dent induite par le processus carieux (3.1.3.16)
3.1.3.18
détection des lésions carieuses
examen visuel ou par tout autre moyen pertinent de la structure de la dent afin de détecter des lésions
carieuses (3.1.3.17)
3.1.3.19
évaluation d’une lésion carieuse
évaluation des caractéristiques d’une lésion carieuse (3.1.3.17)
3.1.3.20
diagnostic de carie
synthèse par un professionnel de tous les signes et symptômes de maladie pour aboutir à une
identification de l’occurrence passée ou présente de la pathologie carieuse
3.1.3.21
gravité d’une lésion carieuse
stade de progression d’une lésion sur le spectre de la perte minérale nette, entre la perte initiale à un
niveau moléculaire et la destruction totale du tissu
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ISO 1942:2020(F)
3.1.3.22
lésion de type tache blanche
leucome précarieux
gravité d’une lésion carieuse (3.1.3.21) dans laquelle la perte minérale subsuperficielle nette a induit
des modifications des caractéristiques optiques de l’émail, visibles sous la forme d’une perte de
translucidité, qui entraînent un aspect blanc de la surface de l’émail
3.1.3.23
lésion de type tache brune
gravité d’une lésion carieuse (3.1.3.21) dans laquelle la perte minérale subsuperficielle nette en
association avec l’acquisition d’une pigmentation intrinsèque ou exogène a induit des modifications
des caractéristiques optiques de l’émail, visibles sous la forme d’une perte de translucidité et d’une
décoloration brune, qui entraînent un aspect brun de la surface de l’émail
3.1.3.24
lésion non cavitaire
lésion carieuse (3.1.3.17) dont la surface apparaît intacte à l’échelle macroscopique
3.1.3.25
microcavité
microcavitation
lésion carieuse (3.1.3.17) initiale sur une surface occlusale qui a perdu son contour original et son
intégrité, sans formation d’une cavité (3.1.3.26) visuellement distincte sur le plan clinique
3.1.3.26
cavité
lésion cavitaire
lésion carieuse (3.1.3.17) présentant une surface qui n’est pas intacte à l’échelle macroscopique, avec une
discontinuité ou rupture distincte de l’intégrité de la surface, telle que déterminée à l’aide de moyens
optiques ou tactiles
3.1.3.27
déminéralisation
perte de matière calcifiée de la structure de la dent
3.1.3.28
reminéralisation
gain net de matière calcifiée dans la structure de la dent, remplaçant la matière calcifiée qui a été
précédemment perdue par déminéralisation (3.1.3.27)
3.1.3.29
activité d’une lésion carieuse
synthèse de la dynamique du processus carieux (3.1.3.16) entraînant la perte nette, dans le temps, de
minéraux due à une lésion carieuse (3.1.3.17)
3.1.3.30
lésion carieuse active
lésion carieuse (3.1.3.17) induisant, sur une période définie, une perte minérale nette
3.1.3.31
comportement d’une lésion carieuse
modifications, le cas échéant, du statut d’une lésion dans le temps, en réaction à l’équilibre entre
déminéralisation (3.1.3.27) et reminéralisation (3.1.3.28)
3.1.3.32
lésion carieuse arrêtée
lésion carieuse inactive
lésion dans laquelle il n’y a pas de perte minérale nette, c’est-à-dire que le processus carieux (3.1.3.16) au
niveau d’un emplacement donné ne progresse plus
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ISO 1942:2020(F)
3.1.3.33
régression d’une lésion carieuse
gain net de matière calcifiée sur la structure d’une lésion carieuse, qui remplace celle qui a été
précédemment perdue par la déminéralisation (3.1.3.27) due à la carie
3.1.3.34
pronostic d’une lésion carieuse
comportement futur probable d’une lésion carieuse (3.1.3.17) spécifique, sur une période définie, tel
qu’évalué par un clinicien, en tenant compte de la synthèse des différents facteurs influ
...
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 1942
ISO/TC 106/SC 3
Dentistry — Vocabulary
Secretariat: AFNOR
Voting begins on: Médecine bucco-dentaire — Vocabulaire
20200518
Voting terminates on:
20200713
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO
ISO/FDIS 1942:2020(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
©
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. ISO 2020
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ISO/FDIS 1942:2020(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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ISO/FDIS 1942:2020(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Dental terminology and general terms . 1
3.1.1 Anatomical concepts . 1
3.1.2 Branches of dentistry . 4
3.1.3 Clinical concepts . . 5
3.1.4 Devices and occupational concepts . 8
3.2 Restorative and orthodontic materials .11
3.2.1 ZOE cements .11
3.2.2 Endodontic materials . .11
3.2.3 Resin-based pit and fissure sealants .12
3.2.4 Amalgam/mercury .12
3.2.5 Luting cements, bases and liners .12
3.2.6 Orthodontic products .13
3.2.7 Adhesive and etching components .14
3.3 Prosthodontic materials .14
3.3.1 General prosthodontics concepts .14
3.3.2 Dental ceramics.18
3.3.3 Impression materials .19
3.3.4 Noble metal casting alloys .21
3.3.5 Resilient lining materials .22
3.3.6 Denture base polymers .22
3.3.7 Dental waxes.23
3.3.8 Artificial teeth .24
3.4 Instruments .24
3.4.1 Rotary instruments . .24
3.4.2 Dental handpieces .24
3.4.3 Dental hand instruments .25
3.4.4 Endodontic instruments .26
3.5 Dental equipment .26
3.6 Oral care products .27
3.7 Dental implants .28
Annex A (informative) Information helpful to understand the structure and content of ISO 1942 35
Bibliography .37
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved iii
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ISO/FDIS 1942:2020(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and nongovernmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
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For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 106, Dentistry, Subcommittee SC 3,
Terminology.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 1942:2009), which has been technically
revised.
The main change compared to the previous edition is as follows: a systematic arrangement of
terminology necessary for the development of standards related to dentistry according to ISO directives
has been integrated.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
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ISO/FDIS 1942:2020(E)
Introduction
This document is cited in Clause 2 of most of the ISO documents in the field of dentistry. Its content,
therefore, is fundamental for the proper understanding of those documents. It is also important to
understand the terms and definitions in this document when a new standard is developed, or existing
standards are revised in ISO/TC 106.
The content and format of this document have been developed in accordance to References [1] to [5].
General terms precede those more specific or less general, in accordance to the recommendations in
ISO Directives Part 2.
Also, terminological entries have been arranged and grouped reflecting the structure and scope/
responsibilities of each subcommittee in TC 106. The sub categorization of terminological entries
essentially follows the scope of each working group within the subcommittee, except for general
concepts that include anatomical, branches of dentistry, clinical and occupational. Annex A describes
inclusion and exclusion criteria as well as other information helpful to understand the structure and
content of this document.
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FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 1942:2020(E)
Dentistry — Vocabulary
1 Scope
This document defines terms used in dental product standards.
This document aims to facilitate the standard development process and the comprehension of
standards, and to improve communication with the FDI World Dental Federation, the World Health
Organization and other organizations interested in standardization.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Dental terminology and general terms
3.1.1 Anatomical concepts
3.1.1.1
dental organ
tissue complex comprising the tooth and its supporting structures
3.1.1.2
anterior teeth
mandibular and maxillary centrals, laterals and canines
3.1.1.3
posterior teeth
mandibular and maxillary molars and premolars
3.1.1.4
clinical crown
part of a tooth not covered by soft or supporting hard tissue
3.1.1.5
anatomical crown
crown
portion of a tooth normally covered by, and including, the enamel (3.1.1.14)
3.1.1.6
visible crown
part of the anatomical crown (3.1.1.5) which is accessible to visual examination without manipulation
of the surrounding gingival tissues
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ISO/FDIS 1942:2020(E)
3.1.1.7
macrodontia
genetic condition resulting in the formation of abnormally large teeth
3.1.1.8
mesial
surface nearest the midline along the dental arch
3.1.1.9
distal
surface furthest from the midline along the dental arch
3.1.1.10
proximal
mesial (3.1.1.8) or distal (3.1.1.9) surface of a tooth
3.1.1.11
predentine
immature fibrillar matrix (3.3.1.35) produced by odontoblasts
3.1.1.12
primary dentine
dentine (3.1.1.16) formed during tooth development prior to completion of root formation
3.1.1.13
odontogenesis imperfecta
generalized genetic disturbance in the formation of enamel (3.1.1.14) and dentine (3.1.1.16)
3.1.1.14
enamel
highly mineralized outermost layer of the normally exposed tooth consisting primarily of
hydroxyapatite in orderly crystal structures
3.1.1.15
cementum
calcified outermost layer covering the dentin in the root of a tooth and which attaches to
surrounding tissue
3.1.1.16
dentine, GB
dentin, US
mineralized hard tissue that forms the bulk of the tooth and develops from the dental papilla and dental
pulp (3.1.1.25)
3.1.1.17
mantle dentine
most peripheral part of the dentine (3.1.1.16) adjacent to the enamel (3.1.1.14), characterized by coarsely
bundled fibres running parallel to the branching ends of the tubules
3.1.1.18
circumpulpal dentine
inner part of the dentine (3.1.1.16) adjacent to the pulp (3.1.1.25), characterized by the inclusion of fine
collagen fibres running approximately at right-angles to the tubules
3.1.1.19
peritubular dentine
orthodentine that constitutes the highly-mineralized matrix (3.3.1.35) immediately around the
dentinal tubules
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ISO/FDIS 1942:2020(E)
3.1.1.20
intratubular dentine
mineralized matrix (3.3.1.35) that is found in the tubules of orthodentine
3.1.1.21
secondary dentine
dentine (3.1.1.16) that is formed after complete formation of a tooth as a result of normal or slightly
abnormal stimuli
3.1.1.22
tertiary dentine
irregular dentine (3.1.1.16) deposited at sites of the pulpal aspects of primary dentine (3.1.1.12) or
secondary dentine (3.1.1.21), corresponding to areas of external irritation
3.1.1.23
endodontium
pulpo-dental organ
part of the dental organ (3.1.1.1) that pertains to the tissues of the dental pulp (3.1.1.25) and the dentine
(3.1.1.16)
3.1.1.24
odontium
part of the tooth consisting of enamel (3.1.1.14), dentine (3.1.1.16) and pulp (3.1.1.25) but not cementum
(3.1.1.15)
3.1.1.25
pulp
soft tissue complex of mesenchymal origin which occupies the pulp chamber and the root
canal(s) of a tooth and which provides for dentinogenic, nutritive, neurosensory and defensive functions
3.1.1.26
apical
pertaining to, or in the direction towards, the root tip (apex)
3.1.1.27
periodontium
tissue complex comprising the gingivae, cementum (3.1.1.15), periodontal ligament (3.1.1.28) and
alveolar bone, and which attaches, nourishes and supports the tooth
3.1.1.28
periodontal ligament
alveolodental ligament
bundles of collagen fibres that suspend the tooth in the alveolus by connecting the cementum (3.1.1.15)
of the root to the alveolar bone
3.1.1.29
desmodontium
tissue, including periodontal ligament (3.1.1.28), that normally occupies the space between cementum
(3.1.1.15) and alveolar bone
3.1.1.30
desmodontal
pertaining to the desmodontium (3.1.1.29)
3.1.1.31
periodontitis
inflammation of the periodontium (3.1.1.27)
3.1.1.32
periodontopathy
disease affecting the periodontium (3.1.1.27)
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ISO/FDIS 1942:2020(E)
3.1.1.33
periodontolysis
process leading to advanced destruction of the periodontium (3.1.1.27)
3.1.1.34
osteogenesis
formation of bone or development of bones
3.1.1.35
odontogenic cyst
primordial cyst
cyst, originated from epithelial cells, usually containing fluid or semi-solid material, and which develops
during various stages of odontogenesis
3.1.1.36
emergence profile
contour of a tooth or restoration (3.1.4.13), such as a crown (3.1.1.5) on a natural tooth or a dental
implant body (3.7.2.4), as it relates to the emergence through the soft tissues and bone
3.1.1.37
masticatory system
organs and structures primarily functioning in mastication
3.1.2 Branches of dentistry
3.1.2.1
oral health
DEPRECATED: dental public health
branch of public general health that addresses matters pertaining to the health of the oral cavity
(3.1.3.26) and adjacent tissues of the cranio-facial complex
3.1.2.2
dentistry
science of preventing, diagnosing and treating diseases and malfunctions of, and injuries to, the teeth,
mouth and jaws, and of replacing lost teeth and associated tissues and promoting oral health (3.1.2.1)
3.1.2.3
dental education
education that contribute to the development of the knowledge and skills required for the practice of
dentistry (3.1.2.2)
Note 1 to entry: The designation of “dentistry” can vary according to the legal usage of the term in the country
concerned.
3.1.2.4
oral health programme
activity planned to improve the oral health (3.1.2.1) of the community
3.1.2.5
oral status and intervention index
OSI index
index that classifies the oral status and the relating interventions needed, on a ten-point scale from 0
(good health, no need for treatment) to 9 (complicated, invasive and costly care needed)
3.1.2.6
preventive dentistry
part of dentistry (3.1.2.2) concerned with promoting oral health (3.1.2.1) and function by preventing or
reducing the onset and/or development of oral diseases or deformities and the occurrence of orofacial
injuries
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ISO/FDIS 1942:2020(E)
3.1.2.7
community dentistry
public health dentistry
part of dentistry (3.1.2.2) concerned with oral health (3.1.2.1) in relation to the general health of the
community
3.1.2.8
cariology
part of dentistry (3.1.2.2) concerned with aetiology, pathology and prevention of dental caries (3.1.3.15)
3.1.2.9
pediatric dentistry, US
DEPRECATED: paedodontic dentistry, GB
DEPRECATED: paedodontics, GB
DEPRECATED: pedodontics, US
branch of dentistry (3.1.2.2) concerned with children including the diagnosis, treatment, prevention of
oral anomalies, other conditions and injuries
3.1.2.10
orthodontics
part of dentistry (3.1.2.2) concerned with the study of craniofacial growth and development, and the
treatment or prevention of malocclusions and other dentofacial anomalies
3.1.2.11
operative dentistry
part of dentistry (3.1.2.2) that focus on the restoration (3.1.4.13) of hard tissues of teeth to normal
function and aesthetics that may have been compromised by disease, trauma or acquired or non-
acquired anomalies
3.1.2.12
endodontics
part of dentistry (3.1.2.2) concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of the diseases of the pulp
(3.1.1.25) and contiguous periapical tissues
3.1.2.13
periodontics
periodontology
DEPRECATED: periodontia
part of dentistry (3.1.2.2) concerned with the study, prevention, and treatment of diseases affecting the
periodontium (3.1.1.27)
3.1.2.14
prosthodontics
part of dentistry (3.1.2.2) that is concerned with the functional and aesthetic rehabilitation of the
masticatory system by artificial replacement of missing teeth and associated tissues
3.1.2.15
forensic dentistry
forensic odontology, US
part of dentistry (3.1.2.2) which deals with the examination, interpretation and presentation of dental
and oral evidence for legal purposes
3.1.3 Clinical concepts
3.1.3.1
intraoral radiography
radiography whereby the image receptor is positioned intraorally
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ISO/FDIS 1942:2020(E)
3.1.3.2
impacted tooth
tooth in a state of partial or total impeded eruption
3.1.3.3
mastication
process of chewing food in preparation for swallowing and digestion
3.1.3.4
occlusion
static and dynamic relationship between the contacting surfaces of the mandibular and maxillary teeth
or tooth analogues
3.1.3.5
mottling
uneven patches in the enamel (3.1.1.14) or the dentine (3.1.1.16) associated with the clinical crown
appearing on natural teeth; or similar patches intentionally placed on surfaces of artificial teeth
3.1.3.6
tooth erosion
dental erosion
progressive loss of calcified dental tissue by chemical processes that do not involve bacterial action
3.1.3.7
dentine conditioning
modifying a dentine (3.1.1.16) surface by means of chemical substances or other treatment
3.1.3.8
indirect pulp capping
dressing for conserving the vitality of the pulp (3.1.1.25) of a tooth infected with a penetrating carious
lesion, the complete excision of which could result in exposure of the pulp (3.1.1.25)
3.1.3.9
direct pulp capping
dressing of an exposed pulp (3.1.1.25) with the aim of maintaining pulpal vitality
3.1.3.10
pulpotomy
DEPRECATED: pulp amputation
surgical removal of a portion of the pulp (3.1.1.25) with the aim of maintaining the vitality of the
remaining portion by means of adequate dressing
3.1.3.11
pulpectomy
vital pulp extirpation
complete surgical removal of the vital pulp (3.1.1.25)
3.1.3.12
anchorage
configuration or preparation suitable for the retention or support of a dental prosthesis (3.3.1.19) or
orthodontic appliance (3.2.6.2)
3.1.3.13
Ante’s law
principle that states that the combined pericemental
area of all abutment teeth supporting a partial denture (3.3.1.19) should be equal to or greater in the
pericemental area than the tooth or teeth to be replaced
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ISO/FDIS 1942:2020(E)
3.1.3.14
Ante’s law
principle that states that the bone contacting the surface of the teeth being
replaced should approximate half of the periodontal ligament surface area of the teeth being replaced
3.1.3.15
dental caries
biofilm-mediated, sugar-driven, multifactorial, dynamic disease that occurs when the net balance of
the phasic demineralization (3.1.3.27) and remineralization (3.1.3.28) of dental hard tissues favours
demineralization
3.1.3.16
caries process
dynamic sequence of biofilm-tooth interactions which can occur over time on and within a tooth surface
leading to dental caries (3.1.3.15)
3.1.3.17
caries lesion
change in the tooth structure that results from the caries process (3.1.3.16)
3.1.3.18
caries lesion detection
carious lesion detection
examination by visual or any other relevant means of the tooth structure to detect caries lesions
(3.1.3.17)
3.1.3.19
caries lesion assessment
carious lesion assessment
evaluation of the characteristics of a caries lesion (3.1.3.17)
3.1.3.20
caries diagnosis
human professional summation of all the signs and symptoms of disease to arrive at an identification of
the past or present occurrence of the disease caries
3.1.3.21
caries lesion severity
stage of lesion progression along the spectrum of net mineral loss, from the initial loss at a molecular
level to total tissue destruction
3.1.3.22
white-spot lesion
caries lesion severity (3.1.3.21) where the net subsurface mineral loss has produced changes in the
optical properties of enamel such that these are visibly detectable as a loss of translucency, resulting in
a white appearance of the enamel surface
3.1.3.23
brown-spot lesion
caries lesion severity (3.1.3.21) where the net subsurface mineral loss in conjunction with the acquisition
of intrinsic or exogenous pigments has produced changes in the optical properties of enamel such that
these are visibly detectable as a loss of translucency and a brown discolouration, resulting in a brown
appearance of the enamel surface
3.1.3.24
non-cavitated lesion
caries lesion (3.1.3.17) whose surface appears macroscopically to be intact
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ISO/FDIS 1942:2020(E)
3.1.3.25
microcavity
microcavitation
initial caries lesion (3.1.3.17) within an occlusal surface which has lost its original contour and integrity,
without the formation of a clinico-visually distinct cavity (3.1.3.26)
3.1.3.26
cavity
cavitated lesion
caries lesion (3.1.3.17) with a surface which is not macroscopically intact, with a distinct discontinuity
or break in the surface integrity, as determined using optical or tactile means
3.1.3.27
demineralization
loss of calcified material from the structure of the tooth
3.1.3.28
remineralization
net gain of calcified material within the tooth structure, replacing calcified material which was
previously lost by demineralization (3.1.3.27)
3.1.3.29
caries lesion activity
summation of the dynamics of the caries process (3.1.3.16) resulting in the net loss, over time, of mineral
from a caries lesion (3.1.3.17)
3.1.3.30
active caries lesion
caries lesion (3.1.3.17), from which, over a specified period of time, there is net mineral loss
3.1.3.31
caries lesion behaviour
changes, if any, occurring in the status of a lesion over time in response to the balance between
demineralization (3.1.3.27) and remineralization (3.1.3.28)
3.1.3.32
arrested caries lesion
inactive caries lesion
lesion which is not undergoing net mineral loss—the caries process (3.1.3.16) in a specific location is no
longer progressing
3.1.3.33
caries lesion regression
net gain of calcified material to the structure of a caries lesion, replacing that which was previously lost
by caries demineralization (3.1.3.27)
3.1.3.34
caries lesion prognosis
likely future behaviour of a specific caries lesion (3.1.3.17), over a specified time-period, as assessed
by a clinician — taking into account the summation of the multiple factors impacting the possible
progression, arrest or regression of the lesion
3.1.4 Devices and occupational concepts
3.1.4.1
dentist
person licensed by a regulatory body to practise dentistry (3.1.2.2)
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ISO/FDIS 1942:2020(E)
3.1.4.2
dental surgery, GB
dental operatory, US
room or workspace within the dental office where oral health (3.1.2.1) professionals provide dental
treatment
3.1.4.3
working area of the oral health care provider
space organized around the dentist (3.1.4.1) and equipped for positioning and treatment of the patient
3.1.4.4
dental technician
DEPRECATED: dental laboratory technician
qualified professional competent to perform dental laboratory (3.1.4.5) work under the prescription of
the dentist (3.1.4.1)
3.1.4.5
dental laboratory
facility where dental technical procedures complementing dental clinical treatment are carried out
3.1.4.6
hybrid layer
resinreinforced dentine (3.1.1.16) layer created by the intermixture of polymerized adhesive resin
monomers and dentine collagen
3.1.4.7
dental device
instrument, apparatus, appliance, software, material or other article, whether used alone or in
combination, including the software necessary for its proper application, intended by the manufacturer
to be used for human beings for the purpose of:
— diagnosis, prevention, monitoring, treatment or alleviation of oral disease;
— diagnosis, monitoring, treatment, alleviation of or compensation for cranio-facial injury or oral
handicap;
— investigation, replacement or modification of the cranio-facial anatomy or of a physiological process
and which does not achieve its principal intended action in or on the human body by pharmacological,
immunological or metabolic means, but which may be assisted in its function by such means;
Note 1 to entry: This definition was derived from an almost identical definition approved by the Global Medical
Devices Nomenclature (GMDN), an agency that is represented in Asia, Australia, New Zealand, Europe, the United
States (Food and Drug Administration) and other countries of the Americas.
Note 2 to entry: [SOURCE: Global Medical Devices Nomenclature (GMDN), modified — .]
3.1.4.8
dental material
substance or combination of substances specially
...
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