SIST EN 12312-20:2026

• Abstract:

  This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant for electrical ground power units as listed in Clause 4 and specifies the technical requirements to minimize the hazards which can arise during the commissioning, operation and maintenance of ground power equipment, when it is used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer or his authorized representative. It also takes into account some performance requirements recognized as essential by authorities, aircraft and ground support equipment (GSE) manufacturers as well as airlines and service companies.; This document is applicable to:; - ground power units either self-propelled or towable;; - ground power equipment when mounted on other GSE;; - ground power accessories intended for ground power equipment (including accessories for fixed equipment).; This document does not apply to:; - the electrical characteristics of the supply, the type of power supply system and related measures against contact;; - any electrical supply system not intended for aircraft use;; - the on-board electrical system of the aircraft.; This document does not specify requirements for noise and vibration.; Noise and vibration are dealt with respectively in EN 1915-4:2004+A1:2009 and EN ISO 31915-3:2026.; This document does not deal with hazards in respect to a standard automotive chassis and from other vehicles on the apron.; This part of EN 12312 does not apply to ground power equipment which is manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN.; This part of EN 12312 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1915-1:2023, EN 1915-2:2026, EN ISO 31915-3:2026 (for vehicles) and EN 1915-4:2004+A1:2009.

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 09-Jul-2025
• Publication Date: 29-Sep-2026
• ICS: 49.100 - Ground service and maintenance equipment
• Technical Committee: I13 - Imaginarni 13
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 29-Sep-2026
• Due Date: 04-Dec-2026
• Completion Date: 30-Sep-2026
• Directive: 2006/42/EC - Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast)
• Directive:

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  2023/1230 - Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2023 on machinery and repealing Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Directive 73/361/EEC (Text with EEA relevance)
• Mandate: M/396 - Mandate to CEN and Cenelec for standardisation in the field of machinery
• Mandate: M/605 - COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION of 20.1.2025 on a standardisation request to the European Committee for Standardization and to the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization as regards machinery and related products in support of Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 of the European Parliament and of the Council
• Ref Project: EN 12312-20:2026 - Aircraft ground support equipment - Specific requirements - Part 20: Electrical ground power units

• Refers: SIST EN ISO 13850:2016 - Safety of machinery - Emergency stop - Principles for design (ISO 13850:2015)
• Effective Date: 30-Sep-2026
• Referred By: SIST EN 1915-1:2002+A1:2009 - Aircraft ground support equipment - General requirements - Part 1: Basic safety requirements
• Effective Date: 17-Sep-2026
• Referred By: SIST EN 1915-1:2013 - Aircraft ground support equipment - General requirements - Part 1: Basic safety requirements
• Effective Date: 17-Sep-2026
• Referred By: SIST EN 1915-2:2002+A1:2009 - Aircraft ground support equipment - General requirements - Part 2: Stability and strength requirements, calculations and test methods
• Effective Date: 17-Sep-2026
• Revises: SIST EN 12312-20:2005+A1:2009 - Aircraft ground support equipment - Specific requirements - Part 20: Electrical ground power units
• Effective Date: 08-Apr-2024

SIST EN 12312-20:2026 is the Slovenian adoption of EN 12312-20:2026 from CEN for electrical ground power units. It specifies safety requirements, plus some functional and performance requirements, for ground power equipment that supplies external electrical power to aircraft. It is written for manufacturers, suppliers, airports, airlines, service companies, and anyone who commissions, operates, maintains, verifies, marks, or buys this equipment.

What does SIST EN 12312-20:2026 specify?

SIST EN 12312-20:2026 covers the significant hazards, hazardous situations, and hazardous events for electrical ground power units and sets technical measures to reduce them during commissioning, operation, and maintenance. It applies to intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse.

The document applies to:

• ground power units that are self-propelled or towable
• ground power equipment mounted on other GSE
• ground power accessories, including accessories for fixed equipment

It excludes the electrical characteristics of the aircraft supply, non-aircraft electrical supply systems, the aircraft on-board electrical system, noise and vibration requirements, and hazards linked to a standard automotive chassis or other vehicles on the apron. It is intended to be used together with EN 1915-1:2023, EN 1915-2:2026, EN ISO 31915-3:2026, and EN 1915-4:2004+A1:2009.

Annex	What it covers
Annex A	List of significant hazards
Annex ZA	Relationship with Regulation (EU) 2023/1230

The document is organized into Scope, Normative references, Terms and definitions, List of hazards, Safety requirements and/or measures, Verification of requirements, and Information for use.

What are the key requirements of SIST EN 12312-20:2026?

SIST EN 12312-20:2026 ties the design of electrical ground power units to the general aircraft GSE standards and then adds requirements specific to power delivery, control, and use at the airport. In practice, this means the manufacturer must address the unit as a complete machine, not just the electrical output.

General design and mobility

Clause 5.1 requires conformity with the relevant parts of EN 1915-1, EN 1915-2, EN ISO 31915-3, and EN 1915-4 unless the document states otherwise. Clause 5.1 also requires stability and strength calculations in accordance with EN 1915-2, and it keeps the overall dimensions of a GPU as small as practical.

For self-propelled units, Clause 5.1 requires driver accommodation when the unit is not pedestrian controlled, seat restraint systems for all seats, an alternative emergency exit for cabins, and no protrusions within the tiller operating range for pedestrian-controlled units. For towable units, the maximum travelling speed is to be agreed between manufacturer and user. For battery driven units that can exceed 3 km/h, EN 1175 applies.

Power source safety

Clause 5.2 requires diesel-powered generating sets to comply with EN ISO 8528-13. For turbine-powered sets, the turbine must have enough power for the intended aircraft, and it must be protected against overspeed, overtemperature, and low oil pressure. The turbine also needs speed regulation and inlet and outlet arrangements that avoid suction and blast risks.

Clause 5.2 also requires that live parts cannot be reached during operation on generators or converters, in line with EN 60204-1. For battery systems, Clause 5.2 requires conformity with EN IEC 62619, and lithium battery systems need a battery management system [BMS] that protects against overheating and thermal runaway. That matters because the standard expects the power source to be safe in daily airport use, not only electrically correct.

Cables, connectors, and handling

Clause 5.3 requires connectors to meet ISO 461-1 and ISO 461-2. Cable and connector assemblies must be suitable for use and protected against water ingress to at least IPX4. Where there is more than one connector, each connector must have individual switching.

Clause 5.3 also requires storage and handling measures that prevent cable damage, such as kinking, twisting, bending beyond the intended radius, or dragging on the ground. Cables must withstand being rolled over by ramp equipment and resist common fluids and environmental influences on the apron. Where electrical connectors are in the ground, mechanical assistance is required for lifting pit covers.

Fixed equipment and operator controls

Clause 5.4 requires equipment fixed to passenger boarding bridges to have a protective cushion and/or red and white marking when located below 2.5 m. This is a practical visibility and impact measure for ramp staff.

Clause 5.5 requires emergency stops at least at every operator control panel, with the emergency stop meeting EN ISO 13850 category 0 or 1. For standard automotive chassis, the emergency stop must not activate the brakes. The clause also requires a restricted-access interlock bypass switch for the E/F and N circuit, a clear indication of bypass mode, one-time-only override where operationally required, and optical and/or acoustical malfunction warning devices.

Verification and user information

Clause 6 says verification follows EN 1915-1 and includes functional tests and measurement as appropriate. The clause specifically names towing speed, turbine control systems, the interlock system, controls, and brakes, steering, lights, and warning devices.

Clause 7 requires permanent marking on the structure and adds the maximum continuous rated output to the usual marking requirements. It also requires operating and maintenance instructions with key safety and service information such as cable and connector use, safe driving, emergency actions, training needs, routine checks, connector and cable testing intervals, and contact pull-out force measurement.

What terms does SIST EN 12312-20:2026 define?

SIST EN 12312-20:2026 uses a small set of core terms that frame the whole document.

• Ground power equipment - a system used to deliver external electrical power to the aircraft instead of the aircraft’s on-board supply.
• Ground power unit (GPU) - a powered unit, stationary, towable, or self-propelled, that delivers external electrical power to aircraft on the ground.
• Ground power accessory - a component of ground power equipment such as a cable handling system, cable, or connector.
• Ground support equipment (GSE) - movable or stationary equipment used for ground handling, servicing, or field maintenance of civil transport aircraft on the ramp.
• Battery management system (BMS) - the system used with lithium batteries to protect against overheating and thermal runaway.

Who uses SIST EN 12312-20:2026?

SIST EN 12312-20:2026 is used by manufacturers and designers of electrical ground power units, cables, connectors, generators, and battery-powered or turbine-powered sets. It is also used by airport operators, maintenance teams, airlines, service companies, procurement staff, and conformity assessment teams.

In practice, these users rely on the document when specifying equipment, checking safety features, planning maintenance, writing operating instructions, testing controls, and verifying that the unit fits airport and aircraft use.

What changed in SIST EN 12312-20:2026 from the previous edition?

SIST EN 12312-20:2026 supersedes EN 12312-20:2005+A1:2009. The foreword states these technical changes:

• the Introduction was updated
• the Scope was updated
• Clause 2, Normative references, was updated
• Clause 4, List of hazards, was updated
• 5.1.9 was updated
• 5.3.7 was updated
• 5.3.8 and 5.3.9 were added
• 5.4 was updated
• the order of Clauses 6 and 7 was swapped
• Annex A was updated
• Annex ZA was updated
• the Bibliography was updated

Which standards are used with SIST EN 12312-20:2026?

SIST EN 12312-20:2026 uses these referenced standards and companion parts:

Reference	What it contributes
EN 1915-1:2023	Basic safety requirements for aircraft ground support equipment
EN 1915-2:2026	Stability, strength calculations, and test methods
EN ISO 31915-3:2026	Vibration measurement methods and reduction
EN 1915-4:2004+A1:2009	Noise measurement methods and reduction
EN 1175:2025	Electrical and electronic requirements for battery-driven industrial trucks
EN ISO 8528-13:2026	Safety for reciprocating internal combustion engine driven generating sets
EN ISO 12100:2010	Risk assessment and risk reduction principles
EN ISO 13850:2015	Emergency stop function principles
EN 60204-1:2018	Electrical equipment of machines
EN IEC 62619:2022	Safety requirements for industrial lithium battery cells and batteries
ISO 461-1:2003	Ground electrical supply connector design, performance, and test requirements
ISO 461-2:1985	Ground electrical supply connector dimensions
ISO 6858:2017	General requirements for aircraft ground support electrical supplies

What does the SIST EN 12312-20:2026 document contain?

Annex A gives a structured list of significant hazards, grouped from mechanical to electrical, thermal, ergonomic, environmental, and combination hazards. It helps the reader see which risks the safety requirements are meant to address.

Clause 6 provides the verification route, including functional tests and measurements for key safety-related features. Clause 7 brings together marking, safety marking, and the content needed in operating and maintenance instructions.

Annex ZA maps selected clauses to essential requirements of Regulation (EU) 2023/1230. That makes the document useful for regulatory alignment as well as technical design and checking.

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2026
Podporna oprema na tleh za letalski promet - Posebne zahteve - 20. del: Oskrba z
električno energijo
Aircraft ground support equipment - Specific requirements - Part 20: Electrical ground
power units
Luftfahrt-Bodengeräte - Besondere Anforderungen - Teil 20: Ausrüstung zur
Bodenstromversorgung
Matériel au sol pour aéronefs - Exigences particulières - Partie 20: Matériel
d'alimentation électrique au sol
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 12312-20:2026
ICS:
49.100 Oprema za servis in Ground service and
vzdrževanje na tleh maintenance equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 12312-20
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2026
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 49.100 Supersedes EN 12312-20:2005+A1:2009
English Version
Aircraft ground support equipment - Specific
requirements - Part 20: Electrical ground power units
Matériel au sol pour aéronefs - Exigences particulières Luftfahrt-Bodengeräte - Besondere Anforderungen -
- Partie 20 : Matériel d'alimentation électrique au sol Teil 20: Ausrüstung zur Bodenstromversorgung
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 April 2026.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2026 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12312-20:2026 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 List of hazards . 8
5 Safety requirements and/or measures . 8
5.1 General requirements . 8
5.2 Power sources . 8
5.3 Cables and connectors . 9
5.4 Equipment fixed to passenger boarding bridges . 9
5.5 Controls . 10
6 Verification of requirements . 10
7 Information for use . 10
7.1 Marking . 10
7.2 Safety marking . 10
7.3 Instructions . 11
Annex A (informative) List of significant hazards . 12
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 aimed to be covered . 17
Bibliography . 22
European foreword
This document (EN 12312-20:2026) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 274 “Aircraft ground
support equipment”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2027, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by March 2027.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 12312-20:2005+A1:2009.
This document includes the following significant technical changes with respect to EN 12312-
20:2005+A1:2009:
— the Introduction was updated;
— the Scope was updated;
— Clause 2, Normative references, was updated;
— Clause 4, List of hazards, was updated;
— 5.1.9 was updated;
— 5.3.7 was updated
— 5.3.8 and 5.3.9 were added;
— 5.4 was updated;
— The order of Clause 6, Information for use, and Clause 7, Verification of requirements, was swapped;
— Annex A, List of significant hazards, was updated;
— Annex ZA was updated;
— the Bibliography was updated.
This document has been prepared under a standardization request addressed to CEN by the European
Commission. The Standing Committee of the EFTA States subsequently approves these requests for its
Member States.
For the relationship with EU Legislation, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
EN 12312, Aircraft ground support equipment ― Specific requirements, consists of the following parts:
— Part 1: Passenger stairs;
— Part 2: Catering vehicles;
— Part 3: Conveyor belt vehicles;
— Part 4: Passenger boarding bridges;
— Part 5: Aircraft fuelling equipment;
— Part 6: Deicers and deicing/antiicing equipment;
— Part 7: Aircraft movement equipment;
— Part 8: Maintenance or service stairs and platforms;
— Part 9: Container/Pallet loaders;
— Part 10: Container/Pallet transfer transporters;
— Part 11: Container/Pallet dollies and loose load trailers;
— Part 12: Potable water service equipment;
— Part 13: Lavatory service equipment;
— Part 14: Disabled/incapacitated passenger boarding vehicles;
— Part 15: Baggage and equipment tractors;
— Part 16: Air start equipment;
— Part 17: Air conditioning equipment;
— Part 18: Nitrogen or Oxygen units;
— Part 19: Aircraft jacks, axle jacks and hydraulic tail stanchions;
— Part 20: Electrical ground power units.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania,
Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
This document specifies health and safety requirements, as well as some functional and performance
requirements for ground power equipment intended for the electrical supply for aircraft to be used on all
aircraft types commonly in service in civil air transport.
The minimum essential criteria are considered to be of primary importance in providing safe, serviceable,
economical, and practical ground power equipment. Deviations from the recommended criteria should occur
only after careful consideration, extensive testing, risk assessment and thorough service evaluation have
shown alternative methods or conditions to be satisfactory. Such deviations are outside the scope of this
document and a manufacturer should be able to demonstrate an equivalent level of protection.
This document is a Type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100:2010.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are
indicated in the scope of this document.
When provisions requirements of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B
standards, the requirements of this type C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other
standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type C
standard.
1 Scope
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant for
electrical ground power units as listed in Clause 4 and specifies the technical requirements to minimize the
hazards which can arise during the commissioning, operation and maintenance of ground power equipment,
when it is used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the
manufacturer or his authorized representative. It also takes into account some performance requirements
recognized as essential by authorities, aircraft and ground support equipment (GSE) manufacturers as well as
airlines and service companies.
This document is applicable to:
— ground power units either self-propelled or towable;
— ground power equipment when mounted on other GSE;
— ground power accessories intended for ground power equipment (including accessories for fixed
equipment).
This document does not apply to:
— the electrical characteristics of the supply, the type of power supply system and related measures against
contact;
— any electrical supply system not intended for aircraft use;
— the on-board electrical system of the aircraft.
This document does not specify requirements for noise and vibration.
Noise and vibration are dealt with respectively in EN 1915-4:2004+A1:2009 and EN ISO 31915-3:2026.
This document does not deal with hazards in respect to a standard automotive chassis and from other vehicles
on the apron.
This part of EN 12312 does not apply to ground power equipment which is manufactured before the date of
publication of this document by CEN.
This part of EN 12312 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1915-1:2023, EN 1915-2:2026,
EN ISO 31915-3:2026 (for vehicles) and EN 1915-4:2004+A1:2009.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1175:2025 Safety of industrial trucks — Electrical/electronic requirements
EN 1915-1:2023, Aircraft ground support equipment — General requirements — Part 1: Basic safety
requirements
EN 1915-2:2026, Aircraft ground support equipment — General requirements — Part 2: Stability and strength
requirements, calculations and test methods
EN ISO 31915-3:2026, Aircraft ground support equipment — General requirements — Part 3: Vibration
measurement methods and reduction (ISO 31915-3:2026)
EN 1915-4:2004+A1:2009, Aircraft ground support equipment — General requirements — Part 4: Noise
measurement methods and reduction
EN ISO 8528-13:2026, Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alternating current generating sets —
Part 13: Safety (ISO 8528-13:2026)
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
(ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13850:2015, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop function — Principles for design (ISO 13850:2015)
EN 60204-1:2018 , Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements
(IEC 60204-1:2016)
EN IEC 62619:2022, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes — Safety
requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries, for use in industrial applications (IEC 62619:2022)
ISO 461-1:2003, Aircraft — Connectors for ground electrical supplies — Part 1: Design, performance and test
requirements
ISO 461-2:1985, Aircraft — Connectors for ground electrical supplies — Part 2: Dimensions
ISO 6858:2017, Aircraft — Ground support electrical supplies — General requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010, EN 1915-1:2023
and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
ground power equipment
system used to deliver external electrical power to the aircraft, designed to substitute the on-board electrical
power supply
3.2
ground power unit
GPU
powered unit, stationary, towable or self-propelled, used to deliver external electrical power to aircraft on the
ground
Note 1 to entry This term includes units mounted on other mobile GSE.
3.3
ground power accessory
component of ground power equipment: cable handling systems, cables, connectors

As impacted by EN 60204-1:2018/A1:2025.
3.4
ground support equipment
GSE
piece of moveable or stationary equipment, whether or not powered or self-propelled, purpose designed, built
and used for ground handling, servicing or field maintenance of civil transport aircraft on the ramp area of an
airport
4 List of hazards
This list of risks and hazards (given at Annex A, Table A.1) is based on EN ISO 12100:2010 and contains the
hazards and hazardous situations, as far as they are dealt with in this document, identified by risk assessment
as significant for this type of machinery and which require action to eliminate or reduce risks. See also the
complementary list of hazards in the other parts of EN 1915 and in the different parts of EN 12312.
5 Safety requirements and/or measures
5.1 General requirements
5.1.1 Ground power equipment shall conform to the relevant requirements of EN 1915-1:2023, EN 1915-
2:2026, EN ISO 31915-3:2026 and EN 1915-4:2004+A1:2009 unless otherwise specified in this document.
They shall also conform to the specific requirements of this document.
5.1.2 Stability and strength calculations shall be carried out in accordance with EN 1915-2:2026.
5.1.3 The overall dimensions of a GPU shall be kept to a minimum (according to EN 1915-1:2023,
Introduction, f) – negotiation).
5.1.4 If a GPU is propelled by means of a battery operated drive system, and if this system can achieve a
speed above 3 km/h then it shall conform to EN 1175:2025.
5.1.5 Self-propelled GPU not designed to be pedestrian controlled shall be equipped with driver
accommodation. The driver accommodation shall be in accordance with EN 1915-1:2023.
5.1.6 Restraint systems shall be fitted to all seats on self-propelled GPU with driver accommodation, a lap
type seatbelt as a minimum. The driver accommodation shall be in accordance with EN 1915-1:2023.
5.1.7 Structural parts of pedestrian controlled self-propelled GPU shall not protrude within the operating
range of the tiller.
5.1.8 Self-propelled GPU with driver's cabin shall have an alternative means of exit for the driver in the event
of an emergency. It shall be easily and safely accessible.
5.1.9 The maximum travelling speed of towable GPU shall be stipulated between manufacturer and user
(according to EN 1915-1:2023, Introduction, f) – negotiation).
5.1.10 Ground power equipment shall conform to the relevant requirements of ISO 6858:2017 unless
otherwise specified in this document.
5.2 Power sources
5.2.1 Diesel-powered generating sets shall conform to the requirements in EN ISO 8528-13:2026.
5.2.2 On turbine-powered generating sets, the turbine shall be of sufficient power to supply all aircraft the
unit is designed for.
5.2.3 The turbine shall be protected against overspeed, over temperature and low oil pressure.
5.2.4 Turbines shall be equipped with a speed regulation system.
5.2.5 Turbine inlets and outlets shall be arranged so that suck-in and blast risks are avoided, e.g. upwards.
5.2.6 On generators/converters it shall not be possible to reach live parts of the electrical system during
operation, in accordance with EN 60204-1:2018, 6.2.
5.2.7 Battery System (Secondary Cells) powered generating set shall comply with EN IEC 62619:2022.
When Lithium batteries are used the battery management system (BMS) shall provide protection against
overheating and/or thermal runaway in accordance with EN IEC 62619:2022, 8.2.4.
5.3 Cables and connectors
5.3.1 Connectors shall be in accordance with the requirements in ISO 461-1:2003 and ISO 461-2:1985.
5.3.2 Cable and connector assembly shall be fit for use, cable to connectors assembly shall be protected
against water ingress, IPX4 as a minimum.
5.3.3 The minimum length of cables shall be stipulated between manufacturer and user (according to
EN 1915-1:2023, Introduction, f) – negotiation).
NOTE Specifications can differ depending on aircraft type and airport of use.
5.3.4 For ground power equipment with more than one connector, the power at each connector shall be
switched individually.
5.3.5 Means shall be provided to stow cables during transport without damage, e.g. bending beyond
intended radius, kinking or twisting or trailing on the ground.
...