SIST EN ISO 16948:2015

Solid biofuels - Determination of total content of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen (ISO 16948:2015)

This Standard describes a method for the determination of total carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen contents in solid biofuels

Biogene Festbrennstoffe - Bestimmung des Gesamtgehaltes an Kohlenstoff, Wasserstoff und Stickstoff - Instrumentelle Verfahren (ISO 16948:2015)

Diese Norm legt ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Gesamtgehaltes an Kohlenstoff, Wasserstoff und Stickstoff in festen Biobrennstoffen fest.

Biocarburants solides - Détermination de la teneur totale en carbone, hydrogène et azote (ISO 16948:2015)

L'ISO 16948:2015 décrit une méthode de détermination des teneurs totales en carbone, hydrogène et azote de biocombustibles solides.

Trdna biogoriva - Določevanje vsebnosti celotnega ogljika, vodika in dušika (ISO 16948:2015)

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 09-Apr-2013
• Publication Date: 10-Jun-2015
• ICS: 75.160.40 - Biofuels
• Technical Committee: AGO - Refuse derived fuel
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 27-May-2015
• Due Date: 01-Aug-2015
• Completion Date: 11-Jun-2015
• Directive: 2000/76/EC - Directive 2000/76/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 December 2000 on the incineration of waste
• Mandate: M/298 - Mandate to CEN for standardisation in the field of solid biofuels
• Ref Project: EN ISO 16948:2015 - Solid biofuels - Determination of total content of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen (ISO 16948:2015)

Relations

• Replaces: SIST EN 15104:2011 - Solid biofuels - Determination of total content of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen - Instrumental methods
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2015

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 16948:2015
01-julij-2015
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 15104:2011
7UGQDELRJRULYD'RORþHYDQMHYVHEQRVWLFHORWQHJDRJOMLNDYRGLNDLQGXãLND,62


Solid biofuels - Determination of total content of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen (ISO

16948:2015)

Biogene Festbrennstoffe - Bestimmung des Gesamtgehaltes an Kohlenstoff, Wasserstoff

und Stickstoff - Instrumentelle Verfahren (ISO 16948:2015)

Biocarburants solides - Détermination de la teneur totale en carbone, hydrogène et azote

(ISO 16948:2015)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 16948:2015
ICS:
27.190 Biološki viri in drugi Biological sources and
alternativni viri energije alternative sources of energy
75.160.10 Trda goriva Solid fuels
SIST EN ISO 16948:2015 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN ISO 16948:2015
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SIST EN ISO 16948:2015
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 16948
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2015
ICS 75.160.10 Supersedes EN 15104:2011
English Version
Solid biofuels - Determination of total content of carbon,
hydrogen and nitrogen (ISO 16948:2015)

Biocombustibles solides - Détermination de la teneur totale Biogene Festbrennstoffe - Bestimmung des

en carbone, hydrogène et azote (ISO 16948:2015) Gesamtgehaltes an Kohlenstoff, Wasserstoff und Stickstoff

- Instrumentelle Verfahren (ISO 16948:2015)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 31 January 2015.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European

Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national

standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation

under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same

status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,

Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United

Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 16948:2015 E

worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 16948:2015
EN ISO 16948:2015 (E)
Contents Page

Foreword ..............................................................................................................................................................3

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SIST EN ISO 16948:2015
EN ISO 16948:2015 (E)
Foreword

This document (EN ISO 16948:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 238 "Solid biofuels"

in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels” the secretariat of which is held by SIS.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical

text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn

at the latest by November 2015.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent

rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This document supersedes EN 15104:2011.

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the

European Free Trade Association.

According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following

countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech

Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,

Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,

Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

Endorsement notice

The text of ISO 16948:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 16948:2015 without any modification.

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SIST EN ISO 16948:2015
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SIST EN ISO 16948:2015
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16948
First edition
2015-05-15
Solid biofuels — Determination of
total content of carbon, hydrogen and
nitrogen
Biocombustibles solides — Détermination de la teneur totale en
carbone, hydrogène et azote
Reference number
ISO 16948:2015(E)
ISO 2015
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SIST EN ISO 16948:2015
ISO 16948:2015(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form

or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior

written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of

the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 16948:2015
ISO 16948:2015(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 Principle ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2

5 Reagents and calibration substances .............................................................................................................................................. 2

5.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

5.2 Carrier gas ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

5.3 Oxygen ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2

5.4 Additional reagents ............................................................................................................................................................................. 2

5.5 Calibration substances ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2

5.6 Use of Certified Reference Materials (CRM or SRM) .............................................................................................. 3

6 Apparatus ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

7 Preparation of the test sample ............................................................................................................................................................... 4

8 Procedure..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

8.1 Preparation of the test portion ................................................................................................................................................. 4

8.2 Calibration of the apparatus ........................................................................................................................................................ 4

8.3 Analysis of test samples .................................................................................................................................................................. 4

9 Expression of results ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 5

10 Performance characteristics .................................................................................................................................................................... 5

11 Test report ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

Annex A (informative) Performance data ....................................................................................................................................................... 7

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 9

© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 16948:2015
ISO 16948:2015(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any

patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on

the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity

assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers

to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 238, Solid biofuels.

For the purposes of research on instrumental methods for the determination of total carbon, hydrogen

and nitrogen contents in solid biofuels standards, users are encouraged to share their views on

ISO 16948:2015 and their priorities for changes to future editions of the document. Click on the link

below to take part in the online survey:

ISO 16948 online survey

iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 16948:2015
ISO 16948:2015(E)
Introduction

Instrumental methods for the analysis of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen are now in widespread and

in regular use, often in preference to formerly developed chemical methods for which International

Standards exist.

The reliable determination of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen is important for quality control and the

results can be used as input parameters for calculations applied to the combustion of solid biofuels. The

environmental importance of the nitrogen content is linked to emissions of NO (formation of fuel NO ).

x x

Hydrogen content is important for calculation of the net calorific value. Carbon content is required for

the determination of CO -emissions.

It is recognized that the Kjeldahl method is most reliable for determining nitrogen contents with a

concentration lower than 0,1 %. Possible suitable methods are summarized in the bibliography.

© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved v
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SIST EN ISO 16948:2015
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SIST EN ISO 16948:2015
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16948:2015(E)
Solid biofuels — Determination of total content of carbon,
hydrogen and nitrogen
1 Scope

This International Standard describes a method for the determination of total carbon, hydrogen and

nitrogen contents in solid biofuels.
2 Normative references

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are

indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated

references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 16559, Solid biofuels — Terminology, definitions and descriptions
ISO 14780 , Solid Biofuels — Sample preparation

ISO 16993, Solid biofuels — Conversion of analytical results from one basis to another

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document the terms and definitions given in ISO 16559 and the following apply.

3.1
reference material

material or substance one or more of whose property values are sufficiently homogeneous and well

established to be used for the calibration of an apparatus, the assessment of a measurement method, or

for assigning values to materials
3.2
certified reference material
CRM

reference material, accompanied by a certificate, one or more of whose property values are certified by

a procedure which establishes traceability to an accurate realisation of the unit in which the property

values are expressed, and for which each certified value is accompanied by an uncertainty at a stated

level of confidence
3.3
NIST standard reference material
SRM

CRM issued by NIST that also meets additional NIST-specific certification criteria and is issued with

a certificate or certificate of analysis that reports the results of its characterisations and provides

information regarding the appropriate use(s) of the material

Note 1 to entry: The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), known between 1901 and 1988 as

the National Bureau of Standards (NBS), is
...