SIST EN ISO 4414:2011
(Main)Pneumatic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for systems and their components (ISO 4414:2010)
Pneumatic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for systems and their components (ISO 4414:2010)
This Standard provides general rules relating to pneumatic systems used in industrial manufacturing processes. It is intended as a guide for both suppliers and purchasers, with a view to ensuring: a) safety; b) uninterrupted system operation; c) ease and economy of maintenance; d) long life of the system. This Standard does not apply to air compressors and the systems associated with air distribution as typically installed in a factory.
Fluidtechnik - Allgemeine Regeln und sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen an Pneumatikanlagen und deren Bauteile (ISO 4414:2010)
Diese Internationale Norm legt allgemeine Regeln und sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen für Pneumatikanlagen
und deren Bauteile in Maschinen nach ISO 12100:2010, 3.1, fest. Sie benennt signifikante
Gefährdungen in Verbindung mit Pneumatikanlagen und legt Prinzipien fest, die anzuwenden sind, um jene
Gefährdungen bei der bestimmungsgemäßen Verwendung der Anlage zu vermeiden.
ANMERKUNG 1 Siehe Abschnitt 4 und Anhang A.
Die signifikante Gefährdung Lärm wird in dieser Internationalen Norm nicht vollständig behandelt.
ANMERKUNG 2 Die Lärmabstrahlung hängt insbesondere vom Einbau der Pneumatikbauteile oder der –anlage in die
Maschine ab.
Diese Internationale Norm gilt für die Konstruktion, den Bau und die Anpassung von Anlagen und deren
Bauteilen unter weiterer Berücksichtigung folgender Aspekte:
a) Montage;
b) Einbau;
c) Einrichtung;
d) störungsfreier Betrieb der Anlage;
e) einfache und wirtschaftliche Instandhaltung und Reinigung;
f) zuverlässiger Betrieb bei allen vorgesehenen Anwendungen;
g) Energieeffizienz und
h) Umwelt
Diese Internationale Norm gilt nicht für Kompressoren und Anlagen zur Druckluftverteilung, wie sie
üblicherweise in Werkstätten vorhanden sind, einschließlich Gasflaschen und Behältern, die mit dem
Kompressor in direktem Zusammenhang stehen.
Transmissions pneumatiques - Règles générales et exigences de sécurité pour les systèmes et leurs composants (ISO 4414:2010)
L'ISO 4414:2010 spécifie des règles générales et des exigences de sécurité relatives aux systèmes et composants de transmissions pneumatiques utilisés sur des machines telles que définies par l'ISO 12100. L'ISO 4414:2010 traite tous les phénomènes dangereux significatifs associés aux systèmes de transmissions pneumatiques et spécifie les principes à appliquer pour éviter ces phénomènes dangereux lorsque les systèmes sont mis en œuvre selon l'usage prévu.
L'ISO 4414:2010 s'applique à la conception, à la construction et à la modification des systèmes et de leurs composants, en tenant également compte des aspects suivants: assemblage, installation, réglage, fonctionnement continu du système, facilité et économie de la maintenance et du nettoyage, fiabilité du fonctionnement pour tous les usages prévus, rendement énergétique et environnement.
L'ISO 4414:2010 ne s'applique pas aux compresseurs d'air et aux systèmes associés à la distribution d'air généralement installés dans une usine, y compris les bouteilles à gaz et les réservoirs d'air comprimé.
Fluidna tehnika - Pnevmatika - Splošna pravila in varnostne zahteve za fluidne sisteme in njihove komponente (ISO 4414:2010)
Ta standard zagotavlja splošna pravila, ki se nanašajo na pnevmatične sisteme, ki se uporabljajo v industrijskih proizvodnih procesih. Namenjen je kot vodilo za dobavitelje in kupce, da se zagotovi: a) varnost; b) neprekinjeno delovanje sistema; c) preprosto in ekonomično vzdrževanje; d) dolga življenjska doba sistema. Ta standard ne velja za zračne kompresorje in sisteme, povezane z distribucijo zraka, ki so običajno nameščeni v tovarnah.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 4414:2011
01-januar-2011
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 983:1998+A1:2008
Fluidna tehnika - Pnevmatika - Splošna pravila in varnostne zahteve za fluidne
sisteme in njihove komponente (ISO 4414:2010)
Pneumatic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4414:2010)
Fluidtechnik - Allgemeine Regeln und sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen an
Pneumatikanlagen und deren Bauteile (ISO 4414:2010)
Transmissions pneumatiques - Règles générales et exigences de sécurité pour les
systèmes et leurs composants (ISO 4414:2010)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 4414:2010
ICS:
23.100.01 +LGUDYOLþQLVLVWHPLQDVSORãQR Fluid power systems in
general
23.140 .RPSUHVRUMLLQSQHYPDWLþQL Compressors and pneumatic
VWURML machines
SIST EN ISO 4414:2011 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 4414:2011
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SIST EN ISO 4414:2011
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 4414
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2010
ICS 23.100.01 Supersedes EN 983:1996+A1:2008
English Version
Pneumatic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements
for systems and their components (ISO 4414:2010)
Transmissions pneumatiques - Règles générales et Fluidtechnik - Allgemeine Regeln und sicherheitstechnische
exigences de sécurité pour les systèmes et leurs Anforderungen an Pneumatikanlagen und deren Bauteile
composants (ISO 4414:2010) (ISO 4414:2010)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 November 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 4414:2010: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 4414:2011
EN ISO 4414:2010 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Annex ZA .4
2
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SIST EN ISO 4414:2011
EN ISO 4414:2010 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 4414:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 131 “Fluid power
systems” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 114 “Safety of machinery” the secretariat of
which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by November 2011.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 983:1996+A1:2008.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive.
For relationship with EU Directive, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 4414:2010 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 4414:2010 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 4414:2011
EN ISO 4414:2010 (E)
Annex ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the
New Approach Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive and has been
implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative clauses of
this standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the
relevant Essential Requirements, except Essential Requirements 1.5.8 and 1.7.4.2 u), of that Directive and
associated EFTA regulations.
WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling
within the scope of this standard.
4
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SIST EN ISO 4414:2011
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4414
Third edition
2010-11-15
Pneumatic fluid power — General rules
and safety requirements for systems and
their components
Transmissions pneumatiques — Règles générales et exigences de
sécurité pour les systèmes et leurs composants
Reference number
ISO 4414:2010(E)
©
ISO 2010
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SIST EN ISO 4414:2011
ISO 4414:2010(E)
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 4414:2011
ISO 4414:2010(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 List of significant hazards .2
5 General rules and safety requirements.3
5.1 General .3
5.2 Basic requirements for the design and specification of pneumatic systems.3
5.3 Additional requirements .6
5.4 Specific requirements for components and controls.7
6 Verification of safety requirements and acceptance testing .17
7 Information for use.17
7.1 General requirements .17
7.2 Final information .18
7.3 Maintenance and operating data .18
7.4 Marking and identification.19
8 Identification statement (reference to this International Standard) .23
Annex A (informative) List of significant hazards .24
Annex B (informative) Form for collecting pneumatic system and component data to ensure
conformance with ISO 4414 .26
Bibliography.37
© ISO 2010 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 4414:2011
ISO 4414:2010(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 4414 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 131, Fluid power systems, Subcommittee SC 9,
Installations and systems.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 4414:1998), which has been technically
revised, specifically with regards to the following:
a) integration of ISO 4414:1998 and EN 983:1996;
b) integration of safety requirements to comply with the European Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC;
c) updating of safety requirements, taking into account International Standards on machine safety.
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SIST EN ISO 4414:2011
ISO 4414:2010(E)
Introduction
This International Standard is a type B standard as defined in ISO 12100. The stipulations of this International
Standard can be supplemented or modified by a type C standard. For machines that are covered by the scope
of a type C standard and that have been designed and built in accordance with the provisions of that standard,
the provisions of that type C standard take precedence over the provisions of this type B standard.
In pneumatic fluid power systems, power is transmitted and controlled through air or a neutral gas under
pressure within a circuit.
The application of pneumatic fluid power systems requires a thorough understanding and precise
communication between the supplier and purchaser. This International Standard was prepared to assist that
understanding and communication and to document many of the good practices learned from experience with
pneumatic systems.
Use of this International Standard assists in
a) identifying and specifying the requirements for pneumatic systems and components;
b) identifying respective areas of responsibility;
c) designing systems and their components to comply with specific requirements;
d) understanding the safety requirements of a pneumatic system.
Equivalent requirements for hydraulic systems are defined in ISO 4413.
© ISO 2010 – All rights reserved v
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SIST EN ISO 4414:2011
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SIST EN ISO 4414:2011
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4414:2010(E)
Pneumatic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements
for systems and their components
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies general rules and safety requirements for pneumatic fluid power systems
and components used on machinery as defined by ISO 12100:2010, 3.1. It deals with all significant hazards
associated with pneumatic fluid power systems and specifies principles to apply in order to avoid those
hazards when the systems are put to their intended use.
NOTE 1 See Clause 4 and Annex A.
The significant hazard noise is incompletely dealt with in this International Standard.
NOTE 2 Noise emission depends especially on the installation of pneumatic components or systems into machinery.
This International Standard applies to the design, construction and modification of systems and their
components, also taking into account the following aspects:
a) assembly;
b) installation;
c) adjustment;
d) uninterrupted system operation;
e) ease and economy of maintenance and cleaning;
f) reliable operation in all intended uses;
g) energy efficiency; and
h) environment.
This International Standard does not apply to air compressors and the systems associated with air distribution
as typically installed in a factory, including gas bottles and receivers.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1219-1, Fluid power systems and components — Graphic symbols and circuit diagrams — Part 1:
Graphic symbols for conventional use and data-processing applications
ISO 1219-2, Fluid power systems and components — Graphic symbols and circuit diagrams — Part 2: Circuit
diagrams
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SIST EN ISO 4414:2011
ISO 4414:2010(E)
ISO 5598, Fluid power systems and components — Vocabulary
ISO 11727, Pneumatic fluid power — Identification of ports and control mechanisms of control valves and
other components
ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
ISO 13850, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop — Principles for design
ISO 13851, Safety of machinery — Two-hand control devices — Functional aspects and design principles
ISO 14118, Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up
IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5598 and ISO 12100 and the
following apply.
3.1
commissioning
procedure by which a system is formally accepted by the purchaser
3.2
emergency control
control function that brings a system to a safe condition
3.3
function plate
surface that contains information describing either the performance of a manually operated device (e.g.
ON/OFF, forward/reverse, left/right, up/down) or the status of a function performed by the system (e.g. clamp,
lift, advance)
3.4
neutral gas
non-combustible gas that has properties similar to air and does not react to the effects of pressure and/or
temperature in a manner different from air
3.5
purchaser
party that stipulates the requirements of a machine, equipment, system or component and judges whether the
product satisfies those requirements
3.6
supplier
party that contracts to provide the product(s) to satisfy the purchaser's requirements
4 List of significant hazards
Table A.1 lists significant hazards associated with the use of pneumatic fluid power in a machine.
2 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 4414:2011
ISO 4414:2010(E)
5 General rules and safety requirements
5.1 General
5.1.1 When designing pneumatic systems for machinery, all intended operations and use of systems shall
be considered. Risk assessment, e.g. in accordance with ISO 14121-1, shall be carried out to determine the
foreseeable risks associated with systems when they are used as intended. Reasonably foreseeable misuse
shall not cause hazards. The risks identified shall be eliminated by design and, where this is not practicable,
safeguards (first preference) or warnings (second preference) against such risks shall be incorporated, in
accordance with the hierarchy established in ISO 12100.
NOTE This International Standard provides requirements for components of fluid power systems; some of these
requirements are dependent on the hazards associated with the machine in which the system is installed. Therefore, the
final specification and construction of the pneumatic system could need to be based on risk assessment and agreement
between purchaser and supplier.
5.1.2 The control systems shall be designed in accordance with the risk assessment. This requirement is
met when ISO 13849-1 is used.
5.1.3 The prevention of damage to the machine, systems and the environment shall be considered.
5.1.4 Deviations from this International Standard shall be agreed to in writing between the purchaser and
supplier. Attention should be drawn by the purchaser and/or the supplier to applicable national and local
codes or laws.
5.2 Basic requirements for the design and specification of pneumatic systems
5.2.1 Component selection
5.2.1.1 All components and piping in the system shall be selected or specified to provide for safety in use,
and they shall operate within their rated limits when the system is put to its intended use. Components and
piping shall be selected or specified so as to ensure that they can operate reliably under all intended uses of
the system. Particular attention shall be paid to the reliability of components and piping that can create a
hazard in the event of their failure or malfunction.
5.2.1.2 Components and piping shall be selected, applied and installed in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendations.
5.2.1.3 It is recommended that wherever practicable, components and piping made in accordance with
recognized International Standards should be used.
5.2.2 Unintended pressures
5.2.2.1 All related parts of the system shall be designed or otherwise protected against foreseeable
pressures exceeding the maximum working pressure of the system or the rated pressure of any part of the
system if the excessive pressure can cause a hazard.
5.2.2.2 The preferred means of protection against excessive pressure is one or more pressure-relief
valves located to limit the pressure in all related parts of the system. Other means, such as pressure
regulators, may be used, provided these means satisfy the application requirements.
5.2.2.3 Systems shall be designed, constructed and adjusted to minimize pressure surges and
fluctuations. Pressure surges and fluctuations shall not cause hazards.
5.2.2.4 Loss of pressure or pressure drop shall not expose persons to a hazard and should not damage
the machinery.
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SIST EN ISO 4414:2011
ISO 4414:2010(E)
5.2.2.5 All pneumatic components shall vent into a non-hazardous area with a connection to the
atmosphere.
5.2.2.6 Means shall be provided to prevent unacceptable pressure build-up where high external loads are
reflected on actuators.
5.2.3 Mechanical movements
Mechanical movements, whether intended or unintended (e.g. effects from acceleration, deceleration or
lifting/holding of masses), shall not result in a situation hazardous to persons.
5.2.4 Noise
In the design of pneumatic systems, the expected noise shall be taken into account. Depending on the
application, measures shall be taken to minimize the risks caused by noise. Airborne noise and structure-
borne noise shall be considered.
NOTE For the design of low-noise machinery and systems, see ISO/TR 11688-1.
5.2.5 Leakage
Leakage (internal or external) shall not cause hazards.
5.2.6 Operational and functional requirements for pneumatic systems
The following specifications for operation and function shall be defined:
a) working pressure range;
b) working temperature range;
c) type of gas to be used (e.g., air, nitrogen or other neutral gas);
d) cycle rates;
e) duty cycle;
f) service life of components;
g) sequence of events;
h) filtration and lubrication, including identification of components not to be lubricated;
i) lifting provisions;
j) emergency, safety and energy isolation requirements;
k) painting or protective coating;
l) lubricant compatibility with components.
Annex B provides forms and checklists to facilitate the gathering and recording of this information. These
forms and checklists can also be useful to record those specifications that apply to pneumatic systems used in
mobile machinery. The individual forms in Annex B are also available in a separate revisable electronic format.
4 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 4414:2011
ISO 4414:2010(E)
5.2.7 Control or energy supply
Whatever the type of control or energy supply used (e.g., electrical, pneumatic), the following actions or
occurrences (whether unexpected or intentional) shall not create a hazard:
a) switching the supply on or off;
b) reducing the supply;
c) cutting off the supply;
d) restoring the supply (unexpectedly or intentionally).
5.2.8 Positive isolation from energy sources
The system shall be designed to facilitate positive isolation from energy sources (see ISO 12100:2010,
6.3.5.4). In pneumatic systems, this can be done, for example, by
⎯ isolating the supply with a suitable shut-off device, which should be lockable, and shall be accessible
without causing a hazard, or isolating and dissipating pressure from the system with a suitable shut-off
device(s) having a pressure-release feature, which can need to be lockable;
⎯ releasing or supporting mechanical loads when the system is depressurized;
⎯ isolating the electrical supply (see IEC 60204-1:2009, 5.3).
The system shall facilitate dissipation of the fluid pressure.
Precautions should be taken when the supply is reinstated after isolation or depressurization.
5.2.9 Location of components and controls
The system shall be designed and constructed so that components and controls are located where they are
easily accessible for use, adjustment and maintenance without causing hazard.
5.2.10 Unexpected start-up
In order to prevent unexpected start-up, precautions shall be taken in accordance with ISO 14118.
5.2.11 Uncontrolled actuator movement
If rapid opening of the shut-off valve can produce uncontrolled movement of actuators, a soft-start/slow-start
valve shall be incorporated.
5.2.12 Airborne hazardous substances
Systems shall be so designed, constructed and/or equipped that airborne hazardous substances are
minimized.
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SIST EN ISO 4414:2011
ISO 4414:2010(E)
5.3 Additional requirements
5.3.1 Site conditions and operating environment
Site conditions and operating environment shall be defined. Annex B provides forms and checklists to facilitate
the gathering and recording of this information, which may include
a) ambient temperature range of the installation;
b) ambient humidity range of the installation;
c) atmospheric pressure;
d) specification of pneumatic supply available, such as pressure, flow capability, pressure dew point,
nominal filtration rating, and oil carry-over;
e) available utilities, e.g. electricity, water, waste;
f) electrical network details, e.g. voltage and its tolerance, frequency, available power (if limited);
g) protection for electrical circuits and devices;
h) sources of contamination;
i) sources of vibration;
j) possible severity of a fire, explosion or other hazard and availability of related emergency resources;
k) unusual environmental or geographical conditions, e.g. altitude, ultraviolet radiation;
l) requirements for safeguarding;
m) space required for access, use and maintenance as well as the location and mounting of components and
systems to ensure their stability and security in use;
n) legal and other environmental limiting factors (e.g. noise emission level);
o) other safety and special requirements.
5.3.2 Installation, use and maintenance of components, piping and assemblies
5.3.2.1 Replacement
Components, piping and assemblies should be installed so that they can be easily replaced without
dismantling other parts of the machine.
5.3.2.2 Lifting provisions
All components, assemblies or piping having a mass greater than 15 kg should have provision(s) for lifting
(see ISO 12100:2010, 6.3.5.5).
5.3.3 Cleaning and painting
5.3.3.1 During external cleaning and painting of machinery, sensitive materials shall be protected from
incompatible liquids.
5.3.3.2 During painting, areas that should not be painted (e.g. piston rods, indicator lights) shall be
covered and the coverings removed afterwards. After painting, all warnings and safety related markings shall
be visible and legible.
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SIST EN ISO 4414:2011
ISO 4414:2010(E)
5.3.4 Preparation for transportation
5.3.4.1 Identification of piping
Whenever it is necessary to dismantle pneumatic systems for transportation, the piping and corresponding
connections shall be clearly identified. The identification shall correspond to, and not conflict with, the data on
any appropriate drawings.
5.3.4.2 Packaging
All parts of the pneumatic system shall be packaged for transportation in a manner that preserves their
identification and protects them from damage, distortion, contamination and corrosion.
5.3.4.3 Protection of openings
Exposed openings in pneumatic systems and components, in particular tubes and hoses, shall be protected
during transportation either by being sealed or by being stored in an appropriately clean and closed container.
Male threads shall be protected. Any protective device used shall be of the type that prevents reassembly until
it is removed.
5.4 Specific requirements for components and controls
5.4.1 Air motors and semi-rotary actuators
5.4.1.1 Protection
Air motors and semi-rotary actuators shall be mounted where they are protected from predictable damage, or
be suitably guarded. Rotating shafts and couplings shall be guarded to prevent hazard to personnel.
5.4.1.2 Mounting
The mounting of air motors and semi-rotary actuators o
...
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